REFERENCES

Abbott, R.N., Jr., and Raymond, L.A., 1984. The Ashe metamorphic suite, northwest North Carolina: metamorphism and observations on geologic history. Am. J. Sci., 284:350-375.

Agrinier, P., and Agrinier, B., 1994. On the knowledge of the depth of a rock sample from a drilled core. Sci. Drill., 4:259-265.

Agrinier, P., Mével, C., Bosch, D., and Javoy, M., 1993. Metasomatic hydrous fluids in amphibole peridotites from Zabargad Island (Red Sea). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 120:187-205.

Agrinier, P., Mével, C., and Girardeau, J., 1988. Hydrothermal alteration of the peridotites cored at the ocean/continent boundary of the Iberian Margin: petrologic and stable isotope evidence. In Boillot, G., Winterer, E.L., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 103: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 225-234.

Aumento, F., and Loubat, H., 1971. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 45°N. XVI. Serpentinized ultramafic intrusions. Can. J. Earth Sci., 8:631-663.

Barnes, I., and O'Neil, J.R., 1971. The relationship between fluids in some fresh Alpine-type ultramafics and possible modern serpentinization, Western United States. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 80:1947-1960.

Bergman, C., Poland, K.A., and Spera, F.J., 1981. On the origin of an amphibole-rich vein in a peridotite inclusion from the Lunar Crater volcanic field, Nevada, U.S.A. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 56:343-361.

Beslier, M.O., Ask, M., and Boillot, G., 1993. Ocean-continent boundary in the Iberia Abyssal Plain from multichannel seismic data. Tectonophysics, 218:383-393.

Boillot, G., Beslier, M.O., and Comas, M., 1992. Seismic image of under-crusted serpentinite beneath a rifted margin. Terra Nova, 4:25-33.

Boillot, G., Grimaud, S., Mauffret, A., Mougenot, D., Kornprobst, J., Mergoil-Daniel, J., and Torrent, G., 1980. Ocean-continent boundary off the Iberian margin: a serpentinite diapir west of the Galicia Bank. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 48:23-34.

Boillot, G., Recq, M., Winterer, E., Meyer, A.W., Applegate, J., Baltuck, M., Bergen, J.A., Comas, M.C., Davis, T.A., Dunham, K., Evans, C.A., Girardeau, J., Goldberg, D.G., Haggerty, J., Jansa, L.F., Johnson, J.A., Kasahara, J., Loreau, L.-P., Luna-Sierra, E., Moullade, M., Ogg, J., Sarti, M., Thurow, J., and Williamson, M., 1987. Tectonic denudation of the upper mantle along passive margins: a model based on drilling results (ODP Leg 103, western Galicia margin, Spain). Tectonophysics, 132:335-342.

Boillot, G., Winterer, E.L., Meyer, A.W., et al., 1987. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 103: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).

Bonatti, E., Lawrence, J.R., Hamlyn, P.R., and Breger, D., 1980. Aragonite from deep sea ultramafic rocks. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 44:1207-1214.

Bonatti, E., Lawrence, J.R., and Morandi, N., 1984. Serpentinization of ocean-floor peridotites: temperature dependence on mineralogy and boron content. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 70:88-94.

Caruso, L.G., and Chernosky, J.V., Jr., 1979. The stability of lizardite. Can. Mineral., 17:757-769.

Chernovsky, J.V., Berman, R.G., Jr., and Bryndzia, L.T., 1988. Stability, phase relations, and thermodynamic properties of chlorite and serpentine group minerals. In Bailey, S.W. (Ed.), Hydrous Phyllosilicates. Mineral. Soc. Am., Paul H. Ribbe Ser., 19:295-346.

Christensen, N.I., 1972. The abundance of serpentinites in the oceanic crust. J. Geol., 80:709-719.

Clayton, R.N., and Mayeda, T.K., 1963. The use of bromine pentafluoride in the extraction of oxygen from oxides and silicates for isotopic analysis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 27:43–52.

Dautria, J.M, Liotard, J.M., Cabanes, N., Girod, M., and Briqueu, L., 1987. Amphibole-rich xenoliths and host alkali basalts: petrogenetic constraints and implications on the recent evolution of the upper mantle beneath Ahaggar (Central Sahara, Southern Algeria). Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 95:133-144.

Dawson, J.B., and Smith, J.V., 1982. Upper mantle amphiboles: a review. Mineral. Mag., 45:35-46.

Evans, B.W., 1982. Amphiboles in metamorphosed ultramafic rocks. In Veblen, D.R., and Ribbe, P.H. (Eds.), Amphiboles Review in Mineralogy. Mineral. Soc. Am., Spec. Pap., 9B:98-113.

Evans, B.W., Johannes, W., Oterdoom, H., and Trommsdorff, V., 1976. Stability of chrysotile and antigorite in the serpentine multisystem. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 56:79-93.

Evans, C.Y., and Girardeau, J., 1988. Galicia margin peridotites: undepleted abyssal peridotites from the North Atlantic. In Boillot, G., Winterer, E.L., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 103: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 77-97.

Féraud, G., Girardeau, J., Beslier, M.O., and Boillot, G., 1988. Datation 39Ar/40Ar de la mise en place des péridotites bordant la marge de la Galice (Espagne). C.R. Acad. Sci. Ser. 2, 307:49-55.

Girardeau, J., Evans, C.A., and Beslier, M.-O., 1988. Structural analysis of plagioclase-bearing peridotites emplaced at the end of continental rifting: Hole 637A, ODP leg 103 on the Galicia Margin. In Boillot, G., Winterer, E.L., et al, Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 103: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 209-223.

Hébert, R., Adamson, A.C., and Komor, S.C., 1990. Metamorphic petrology of ODP Leg 109, Hole 670A serpentinized peridotites: serpentinization processes at a slow spreading ridge environment. In Detrick, R., Honnorez, J., Bryan, W.B., Juteau, T., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 106/109: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 103-115.

Heling, D., and Schwarz, A., 1992. Iowaite in serpentinite muds at Sites 778, 779, 780, and 784: a possible cause for the low chlorinity of pore waters. In Fryer, P., Pearce, J.A., Stokking, L.B., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 125: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 313-323.

Hey, M.H., 1954. A new review of the chlorites. Mineral. Mag., 30:227-292.

Javoy, M., 1970. Utilisation des isotopes de l'oxygéne en magmatologie [Ph.D. thesis]. Univ, of Paris VII, Paris.

Javoy, M., and Fouillac, A.M., 1979. Stable isotope ratios in Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 51 basalts. In Donnelly, T., Francheteau, J., Bryan, W., Robinson, P., Flower, M., Salisbury, M., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 51, 52, 53 (Pt. 2): Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 1153-1157.

Jenkins, D.M., 1983. Stability and composition relations of calci-amphiboles in ultramafic rocks. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 83:375-384.

Kimball, K.L., and Gerlach, D.C., 1986. Sr isotopic constraints on hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks in two oceanic fracture zones from the South Atlantic Ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 78:177-188.

Kohls, D.W., and Rodda, J.L., 1967. Iowaite, a new hydrous magnesium hydroxide-ferric oxychloride from the Precambrian of Iowa. Am. Mineral., 52:1261-1271.

Laird, J., 1988. Chlorites: metamorphic petrology. In Bailey, S.W. (Ed.), Hydrous Phyllosilicates. Mineral. Soc. Am., Paul H. Ribbe Ser., 19:405-453.

Lawrence, J.R., Gieskes, J.M., and Broecker, W.S., 1975. Oxygen isotope and cation composition of DSDP pore waters and the alteration of Layer II basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 27:1-10.

Liou, J.G., Maruyama, S., and Cho, M., 1985. Phase equilibria and mineral parageneses of metabasites in low-grade metamorphism. Mineral. Mag., 49:321-333.

Lorand, J.P., Vetil, J.Y., and Fabriès, J., 1990. Fe-Ti oxide assemblages of the Lherz and Freychinède amphibole rich veins (French Pyrénées). In 1st Int. Workshop on Orogenic Lherzolites and Mantle Processes: Oxford (Blackwell Sci. Publ.), 31.

McCrea, J.M., 1950. On the isotopic chemistry of carbonates and a paleo-temperature scale. J. Chem. Phys., 18:849-857.

O'Neil, J.R., Clayton, R.N., and Mayeda, T.K., 1969. Oxygen isotope fractionation in divalent metal carbonates. J. Chem. Phys., 51:5547-5558.

O'Neil, J.R., and Kharaka, Y.K., 1976. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope reactions between clay minerals and water. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 40:241-246.

Recq, M., Whitmarsh, R.B., and Sibuet, J.-C., 1991. Anatomy of a lherzolitic ridge, Galicia margin. Terra Abstr., 3:122.

Roden, M.K., Hart, S.R., Frey, F.A., and Melson, W.G., 1984. Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic and REE geochemistry of St-Paul's rocks: the metamorphic and metasomatic development of an alkali basalt mantle source. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 85:376-390.

Sanford, R.S., 1982. Growth of ultramafic reaction zones in greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphism. Am. J. Sci., 182:543-616.

Sawyer, D.S., Whitmarsh, R.B., Klaus, A., et al., 1994. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 149: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program). [HTML version]

Schärer, U., Kornprobst, J., Beslier, M.O., Boillot, G., and Girardeau, J., 1995. Gabbro and related rock emplacement beneath rifting continental crust: U-Pb geochronological and geochemical constraints for the Galicia passive margin (Spain). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 130:187-200.

Sheppard, S.M.F., 1980. Isotopic evidence for the origins of water during metamorphic processes in oceanic crust and ophiolite complexes. Colloq. Int. C.N.R.S., 272:135-147.

Shipboard Scientific Party, 1993. ODP drills the West Iberia rifted margin. Eos, 74:454-455.

———, 1994a. Site 897. In Sawyer, D.S., Whitmarsh, R.B., Klaus, A., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 149: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 41-113. [HTML version]

———, 1994b. Site 899. In Sawyer, D.S., Whitmarsh, R.B., Klaus, A., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 149: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 147-209. [HTML version]

———, 1994c. Site 900. In Sawyer, D.S., Whitmarsh, R.B., Klaus, A., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 149: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 211-262. [HTML version]

Snow, J.E., and Dick, H., in press. The seafloor alteration of abyssal peridotites: pervasive Mg depletion during submarine weathering. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta.

Spear, F.S., 1981. An experimental study of hornblende stability and compositional variability in amphibolite. Am. J. Sci., 281:697-734.

Stakes, D.S., and O'Neil, J.R., 1982. Mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of hydrothermally altered oceanic rocks. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 57:285-304.

Taylor, H.P., Jr., 1968. The oxygen isotope geochemistry of igneous rocks. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 19:1-71.

———, 1977. Water/rock interactions and the origin of H2O in granitic batholiths. J. Geol. Soc. London, 133:509-558.

Velde, B., 1973. Phase equilibria in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O: chlorites and associated minerals. Mineral. Mag., 39:293—312.

Wenner, D.B., and Taylor, H.P., Jr., 1971. Temperatures of serpentinization of ultramafic rocks based on 16O/18O fractionation between coexisting serpentine and magnetite. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 32:165-185.

———, 1973. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies of the serpentinization of ultramafic rocks in oceanic environments and continental ophiolite complexes. Am. J. Sci., 273:207-239.

Whitmarsh, R.B., Miles, P.R., and Mauffret, A., 1990. The ocean-continent boundary off the western continental margin of Iberia, I. Crustal structure at 40°30'N. Geophys. J. Int., 103:509-531.

Whitmarsh, R.B., Pinheiro, L.M., Miles, P.R., Recq, M., and Sibuet, J.C., 1993. Thin crust at the western Iberia ocean-continent transition and ophiolites. Tectonics, 12:1230-1239.

Yeh, H., and Savin, S.M., 1976. The extent of oxygen isotope exchange between clay minerals and sea water. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 40:743-748.

Zheng, Y.-F., 1993. Calculation of oxygen isotope fractionation in hydroxyl-bearing silicates. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 120:247-263.

Zheng, Y.-F., and Simon, K., 1991. Oxygen isotope fractionation in hematite and magnetite: a theoretical calculation and application to geothermometry of metamorphic iron-formations. Eur. J. Mineral., 3:877-886.