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A
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absorption, vs. velocity, B:348 accretion
neovolcanic zones, A:18-21
spreading centers, A:5-14
active zones, geology, A:18-19
age
sulfides, B:111-117
vs. uranium content, B:113-114
alteration fronts
geochemistry, B:265, 269-270,
289-293
photograph, A:200
See also alteration halos; hydrothermal alteration
alteration halos
hydrothermal alteration, petrology,
A:197
photograph, A:86, 91, 105, 121, 132, 162, 198;
B:246-249
rare earths, B:266
relation to veins, A:113-114
See also alteration fronts; hydrothermal alteration
aluminum
hydrothermal mounds, B:370-380
phyllosilicates, B:242
sulfides and sediments, B:45
vs. calcium+sodium+potassium, B:242
aluminum oxide
basalts, B:217
hydrothermal clays, B:217
metabasaltic clasts, B:217
mineral separates, B:28-29, 94, 370-373
sulfides and sediments, B:43
vs. barium, B:263
vs. potassium oxide, B:263
vs. sodium oxide, B:263
vs. titanium oxide, B:263
vs. water content, B:264
Alvin hydrothermal zone
heat flow, A:23-29
hydrothermal fields, A:7-8, 16; B:391
amorphous deposits
hydrothermal fields, A:8
See also silica, amorphous
anemones, hydrothermal fields, A:9
anhydrite
active zones, A:19
breccia, A:71, 73-79
fluid inclusions, B:178-190
geochemical section, B:366-367
geochemistry, B:46-70
hydrothermal fields, A:7-13; B:9-11, 13-17, 22,
42-46, 368-369
microthermometry, B:166-170
petrology, A:216, 219
photograph, A:78, 80, 86-87, 91, 95, 98, 100,
102-109, 147, 153, 156, 161, 215-217; B:134, 147-149,
249
porosity vs. seismic velocity, B:313-327
precipitation, B:119-127, 307-308
rare earths, B:143-159
role in growth rate of mineralization, B:411
stable isotopes, B:85-90
stratigraphy, A:67-68
strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:129-141, 306-308
sulfur isotopes, B:19-20, 74-79
thermal properties, B:329-335
veins, A:68, 81-83, 86-87, 91, 95, 98, 100-109, 144,
211
See also breccia; clasts; veins
anhydrite, colloform, photograph, A:152
anhydrite, granular, photograph, A:74
anhydrite percentage, vs. compressional
wave velocity, B:325
antimony
mineral separates, B:33
sulfides, B:37, 39
sulfides and sediments, B:45
vs. depth, B:54-55, 58, 60, 62
Argo-II, hydrothermal fields, A:16, 18-20
arsenic
element correlations, B:378-381, 384
mineral separates, B:33, 37, 39, 349, 370-376, 395
sulfides and sediments, B:44
vs. depth, B:54-55, 58, 60, 62, 374-376
atacamite, hydrothermal fields, A:8
Atlantis Fracture Zone, basalts, B:106
|
B
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bacterial cells, nucleotides, B:358-359 banding, photograph, A:98-103; B:197
barium
mineral separates, B:30
sulfides and sediments, B:43, 45
vs. aluminum oxide, B:263
basalts
geochemistry, B:213-229, 269-270
hydrothermal alteration, A:160-163, 193, 194-199, 219
hydrothermal fields, A:7; B:231-254
lithology, A:202-205
magnetic susceptibility, B:347
osmium and rhenium, B:95-100
photograph, A:196
porosity vs. seismic velocity, B:313-327
silicification and paragonitization, B:257, 263-264
thermal conductivity, B:332
See also glasses; igneous rocks; olivine basalts;
pillow basalts
basalts, altered
geochemistry, B:281
petrology, A:150; B:301
photograph, A:116-117, 162, 197-199, 217-218;
B:246-248
strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:302
basalts, aphyric, petrology, A:163-164
basalts, chloritized
geochemistry, B:267, 270-271,
290-291
photograph, B:246-248
rare earths, B:266
strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:302-308
trace elements, B:53-56, 264-266
vertical distribution, B:14-17, 237-238
basalts, mid-ocean ridge
geochemistry, B:307
lead isotopes, B:104-107
basalts, paragonitized
geochemistry, B:291-292
trace elements, B:53-56
basalts, paragonitized-silicified,
geochemistry, B:267
basalts, silicified
clasts, A:104-105, 107
geochemical section, B:367
photograph, A:126, 130
strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:302
vertical distribution, B:14-17, 22
base metals
hydrothermal mounds, B:370-380
stratigraphy, A:11-13
See also metals; precious metals
basement
clasts, B:243-244
hydrothermal alteration, B:255-276, 289-293
bathymetry
hydrothermal fields, A:6-7, 16-18;
B:6, 131
lead isotopes, B:105
benthic fauna, hydrothermal fields, A:8-9
beryllium
mineral separates, B:30
sulfides and sediments, B:45
biosphere, subsurface, slow-spreading
ridges, B:355-360
Black Smoker Complex
geochemical section, B:365-366
hydrothermal fields, A:7-8, 9-13, 18-19
lead isotopes, B:104-109
lithostratigraphy, B:232-236
petrology, A:199-200
sulfur isotopes, B:76
black smokers
age, B:113
fluid inclusions, B:395
geochemical section, B:365-366
geochemistry, B:51-52, 307
heat flow, A:25-27
hydrothermal fields, A:7, 9-10, 19; B:5-26
major and trace elements, B:51-56
rare earths in anhydrite, B:152, 157-158
relation to veins, A:113-114
seawater mixing, B:135-136
strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:129-141
sulfur isotopes, B:76
See also Black Smoker Complex; Kremlin white
smoker field; white smokers
bornite, petrology, B:9-11, 14
breccia
clasts,
A:73; B:243-244
hydrothermal fields, A:9-10,
12; B:11, 22-23, 42-46
mineralization, A:144
ores, B:411-412
osmium, B:99
photograph, A:70-71, 73-81,
152
rare earths in anhydrite,
B:155-159
silica, A:79-81
stratigraphy, A:67-68
sulfides, A:103-104
sulfur isotopes, B:19-20,
74-79
thermal conductivity, B:332
See also anhydrite; clasts;
veins
breccia,
anhydrite, composition, A:71, 73-79
breccia,
basaltic, photograph, A:116-117, 131; B:248
breccia,
chert-sulfide
deposits,
A:145
photograph, A:149
breccia,
chloritized basalt
geochemistry, B:52
hydrothermal alteration,
A:107-109, 113
photograph, A:116-120,
131-132; B:84
strontium and oxygen
isotopes, B:302
breccia, massive pyrite,
petrology, A:151-154
breccia, nodular
photograph, A:73, 75-77, 79-83, 91-92, 127-128
pyrite, A:70-71, 73-74
breccia,
nodular pyrite
petrology,
A:158, 217, 219
photograph, A:125, 215
breccia,
nodular pyrite-anhydrite
photograph, A:216; B:147, 177
tomography, B:204-205
breccia,
nodular pyrite-silica
petrology,
A:155, 158
photograph, A:156; B:177
breccia,
paragonitized basalt, strontium and oxygen isotopes,
B:302-308
breccia, pillow
geochemistry, B:269-270
photograph, B:246
rare earths, B:266
breccia, porous,
photograph, A:73, 125
breccia, porous
nodular pyrite, photograph, A:153
breccia, pyrite
geochemistry, B:52
magnetic susceptibility,
B:347
mineralization, A:144
petrology, A:70-71, 212;
B:394
photograph, A:73
breccia,
pyrite-anhydrite
geochemistry, B:52
petrology, A:71, 73-75, 79,
212-213, 219; B:394
photograph, A:73-86,
127-128, 215, 217; B:26, 84
sulfides, B:194-195, 394
trace elements, B:53-58,
61-62
breccia,
pyrite-anhydrite-silica, geochemistry, B:52
breccia,
pyrite-quartz, photograph, B:26
breccia,
pyrite-quartz-anhydrite, photograph, B:26
breccia,
pyrite-silica
geochemistry, B:52
mineralization, A:144
petrology, A:79-81, 154,
183, 188-191, 214, 216; B:394
photograph, A:88-91, 115,
154-155, 185, 190-194, 215; B:84, 177, 251
tomography, B:205
trace elements, B:53-62
breccia,
pyrite-silica-anhydrite
petrology,
A:79, 155
photograph, A:87-88, 159
sulfides, B:194-195
tomography, B:205
breccia,
silicified wallrock
geochemistry, B:52
hydrothermal alteration,
A:105, 107
petrology, A:81, 154-155,
189, 216
photograph, A:92-97, 116,
130, 157-158, 161, 193, 195, 197, 218; B:84, 249, 252
strontium and oxygen
isotopes, B:302-308
trace elements, B:53-56,
58-62
brecciation,
photograph, A:109
bromine, mineral
separates, B:33, 37, 39
|
C
|
cadmium
element
correlations, B:379-381, 384
hydrothermal fields, A:10;
B:370-373, 395
mineral separates, B:31
sulfides, A:93-94, 97-98,
156, 158-160, 172, 189-191
sulfides and sediments, B:44
vs. depth, A:195; B:53, 57,
59, 61, 374-376
calcium
element
correlations, B:378-382
enrichment, B:377
fluid geochemistry, A:126,
140
hydrothermal mounds,
B:370-380
mineral separates, B:94
sulfides, B:37, 39
sulfides and sediments, B:45
vs. depth, B:53, 57, 59, 61,
374-376
See also
magnesium/calcium ratio; strontium/calcium ratio
calcium+sodium+potassium, vs. aluminum, B:242
calcium oxide
basalts,
B:217
hydrothermal clays, B:217
metabasaltic clasts, B:217
mineral separates, B:29
sulfides and sediments, B:43
vs. water content, B:264
calcium
oxide/aluminum oxide ratio
vs.
latitude, B:220
vs. magnesium oxide,
B:224
cauliflower
textures, photograph, A:182
cesium,
mineral separates, B:32
chalcedony,
photograph, A:147-148, 155, 180, 184-185
chalcopyrite
copper-iron-sulfur system, B:13
hydrothermal fields, A:7,
9-13; B:9-13, 194, 368-369, 395
lead isotopes, B:105-108
major and trace elements,
B:36-39
mineralization, A:144, 211
paragenesis, B:194-195
photograph, A:79, 102-103,
114, 117, 123, 147, 151, 153, 155-156, 191-192, 194,
214-215, 217; B:147
stratigraphy, A:67-68
sulfur isotopes, B:17-21,
74-79
trace elements, B:36-39,
55-56
chalcopyrite,
colloform, photograph, B:197
chalcopyrite,
interstitial, photograph, A:74
chalcopyrite,
massive, photograph, A:124
chalcopyrite
percentage, vs. compressional wave velocity, B:325
chalcopyritization, breccia, B:177
chemoautotrophs,
hydrothermal fields, A:9
chemosynthetic
activity, hydrothermal fields, A:8-9
chert
geochemistry, B:52
hydrothermal alteration,
A:162
hydrothermal fields, A:9-11;
B:7-11
photograph, A:81, 149-150,
158
stratigraphy, A:142-144
vertical distribution,
B:14-17
chert, red,
Cyprus-type deposits, B:409
chert, red and
gray deposits
lithology,
A:145, 147-148, 150-151, 155
petrology, A:171-172,
179-180, 184-186, 188
photograph, A:179-183, 187
chimneys
active
zones, A:18-19
hydrothermal fields, A:7;
B:379-381
chloride, fluid
geochemistry, A:126, 173
chlorite
hydrothermal alteration, A:161, 197
hydrothermal fields, A:9-10;
B:14, 236-241, 368-369
photograph, A:132, 198-199,
201; B:246-249, 254
strontium isotopes,
B:306-308
chlorite-smectite mixture
petrology,
B:240-241
photograph, B:247
See also clay
minerals; mixed-layer minerals
chlorite volume
percent, vs. oxygen isotopes, B:290
chloritization
geochemistry, B:271-273, 290-291
hydrothermal alteration,
A:162-163
hydrothermal fields, A:10,
12; B:264-267, 269-270
oxygen isotopes, B:293
photograph, A:132, 200;
B:248, 254
chromium
basalts,
B:218
hydrothermal clays, B:218
metabasaltic clasts, B:218
mineral separates, B:30
clasts
breccia,
A:70-71, 73-74; B:74-79
hydrothermal alteration
petrology, A:193, 194-199, 220
hydrothermal fields, A:9-10
origin, B:243-244
petrology, A:79-81
photograph, A:73, 76-77,
81-83, 88-89, 91-92, 115-116, 123, 126, 130-132,
154-157, 181, 185, 187-188, 190-192, 195-197,
215-217; B:147, 248
silicification and
paragonitization, B:257, 263-264
silicified basalt,
A:104-105, 107
stratigraphy, A:67-68,
142-144
sulfides, A:103-104
See also anhydrite;
breccia; veins
clasts,
basaltic, photograph, A:92, 116, 118, 130; B:200, 249-253
clasts, chert,
vertical distribution, B:14-17
clasts,
metabasaltic, geochemistry, B:217-218, 221
clasts,
silicified
hydrothermal alteration, A:160-163
strontium and oxygen
isotopes, B:302-308
clay minerals
hydrothermal alteration, A:108; B:239-241, 277-284,
368-369
mineralogy and chemical
composition, B:277-284
photograph, A:131
See also
phyllosilicates and individual clay minerals
clays,
hydrothermal, geochemistry, B:215, 217-220
clinopyroxene
fractional
crystallization, B:220-225
See also
olivine-clinopyroxene-quartz system
cobalt
distribution in massive sulfides, B:405
element correlations,
B:378-381, 384-385
mineral separates, B:30, 33,
37, 39, 370-376
pyrite, B:12
sulfides, B:19
sulfides and sediments, B:44
vs. copper, B:398
vs. depth, B:54, 56, 58, 60,
62, 374-376
vs. selenium, B:398
vs. water content, B:265
colloform
textures
hydrothermal fields, A:12
photograph, A:107, 114, 124,
182; B:197
compressional
wave velocity
breccia,
A:117, 136, 164, 167, 221
mineralization, B:319-325
vs. anhydrite percentage,
B:325
vs. bulk density, B:322
vs. depth, A:137; B:321
vs. porosity, A:137
vs. shear wave velocity,
B:324
vs. sulfides
(pyrite+chalcopyrite) percentage, B:325
vs. total porosity, B:323
See also seismic
velocity; ultrasonic data
compressional
wave velocity, ultrasonic, vs. depth, B:321-322
conduction
heat flow,
A:23-29
See also thermal
conductivity
convection,
hydrothermal fields, A:8
copper
distribution in massive sulfides, B:405
element correlations, B:65,
378-381, 384
enrichment, B:377
hydrothermal fields, A:9-10;
B:370-380, 395, 397
mineral separates, B:30, 94
pyrite, B:12
sphalerite, B:13
sulfides, A:93-94, 97-98,
156, 158-160, 172
sulfides and sediments, B:44
vs. cobalt, B:398
vs. depth, A:129, 160, 195;
B:53, 57, 59, 61, 374-376
vs. water content, B:265
vs. zinc, B:398
zonation, B:397
See also
zinc/copper ratio
copper-iron
sulfides, hydrothermal fields, A:8
copper-iron-sulfur system, chalcopyrite, B:13
copper/iron
ratio
sulfides,
A:97-98, 158
vs. depth, A:129
core barrels,
motor-driven, A:31-35
coring, systems,
A:31-35
correlation
coefficients
hydrothermal mounds, B:52, 63-65
See also element
correlations; partition coefficient; principal
component analysis; statistical analysis
covellite,
petrology, B:9-11, 14
crusts
hydrothermal fields, A:7, 10
sulfides, A:101-103
crystal
chemistry
anhydrite,
B:122-124
phyllosilicates, B:241
crystal growth, photograph,
A:99-101
Curie
temperature
magnetism,
B:345
See also magnetic properties
Cyprus
comparison of
massive sulfides with, B:390, 398-404
massive
sulfides, B:78
Cyprus-type
deposits, comparison of massive sulfides with
Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, A:12; B:195, 389-415
|
D
|
demagnetization
discrete
samples, B:340-344
See also Koenigsberger
ratio
demagnetization,
alternating-field
equal-area
projection, A:223
sulfides, A:121-122,
139-140, 166-167
vectors, A:168, 207, 222
demagnetization,
thermal, sulfides, A:121-122, 139
density,
tomography, B:203-204
density, bulk
breccia,
B:208
vs. compressional wave
velocity, B:322
vs. depth, A:135, 138, 166,
206, 220
vs. porosity, A:135, 166,
206, 221
density, grain
breccia,
B:208
vs. depth, A:135, 138, 166,
206, 220
density,
wet-bulk, vs. depth, A:136, 138, 165, 172, 222
digenite,
petrology, B:9-11, 14
dip, vs. depth,
A:113
dissolution
clasts,
B:243-244
textures, B:195
dissolution
cavities, photograph, A:92, 115
DNA extraction,
subsurface biosphere, B:356
|
E
|
East Pacific Rise, geochemical
comparison with Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, B:380-381 electron
microscopy, subsurface biosphere, B:356-359
element
correlations
hydrothermal mounds, B:52, 63-65
See also
correlation coefficients; partition coefficient;
principal component analysis; statistical analysis
enrichment,
subsurface biosphere, B:356-359
erosion, gossan,
B:409-410
europium
anhydrite,
B:150-159
vs. depth, B:156
vs. gadolinium, B:158
vs. lanthanum/ytterbium
ratio, B:158
extension,
active mounds, A:19-20
|
F
|
fault systems
hydrothermal fields, A:6, 12-13
neovolcanic zones, A:18-21
faults,
listric, active mounds, A:19-20
fluid-rock
interactions, hydrothermal systems, B:97-99, 195
fluid evolution
anhydrite
precipitation, B:123-124
oxygen isotopes, B:292-293
fluid flow
geochemistry, B:88-89
hydrothermal mounds, B:124
porosity, B:324, 326
spreading centers, A:5-14
See also
Kuster-Tokoz theory; permeability; porosity
fluid
inclusions
anhydrite, B:123
geochemistry, B:88-89
photograph, B:178, 182, 252
temperature, B:163-190, 395
See also
microthermometry; temperature
fluid mixing
anhydrite, B:119-127, 187-189
chlorite and smectite,
B:283
oxygen isotopes, B:137-138,
306-308
fluids,
geochemistry, A:123-124, 126-127, 168-169, 173-174
formation
factor, breccia, A:136
fractional
crystallization, basalts, B:220-225, 228-229
fractures
photograph, A:85, 93, 183, 185; B:197
textures, B:195
fracturing
clasts,
B:243-244
See also hydrofracturing
frost heave,
clasts, B:243-244
|
G
|
gadolinium, vs. europium, B:158
gallium
mineral
separates, B:32
vs. depth, B:54, 58, 60, 62
gamma rays,
vs. depth, A:136, 138, 165, 172, 222
geochemical
section, Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, B:363-387
geochemistry
basalts,
B:213-229
basement, B:255-276
fluids, A:123-124, 126-127,
168-169, 173-174
hydrothermal clays, B:215,
217-220
hydrothermal mounds,
B:47-70
igneous rocks, A:163,
199-200
massive sulfides and
sediments, B:41-46
shipboard samples, B:27-39
statistical analysis,
B:376-381
sulfides, A:93-94, 97-98,
155-159, 172, 189-191, 216-219; B:19-20
geochemistry,
bulk, hydrothermal mounds, B:367, 370-376, 395-397
geochronology
hydrothermal fields, A:8
sulfides, B:111-117
See also time
scales
geology
hydrothermal fields, A:16-18
Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse,
A:6-8
geomagnetic
excursions, magnetism, B:349
germanium,
mineral separates, B:370-373
glass shards,
photograph, A:132
glasses
petrology, A:199-200
photograph, A:196, 201;
B:248
glasses,
banded, photograph, A:150
glasses,
chloritized, strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:302
goethite
hydrothermal fields, A:8
nucleotides, B:357, 359
gold
element
correlations, B:65, 395
mineral separates, B:33,
36, 39
sulfides, A:158-159
sulfides and sediments,
B:46
vs. depth, B:54-55, 58, 60,
62
zonation, B:397
gold, native,
hydrothermal fields, B:14
gossan
development, B:409-410
hydrothermal fields, A:7
grabens. See
rift valleys
grabens, axial,
active zones, B:380-381
grade
zonation,
B:397-398, 409
See also tonnage
growth bands,
photograph, B:197-199
growth models,
hydrothermal mounds, B:405-406, 408
growth rate,
mineralization, B:411
|
H |
hafnium, mineral separates,
B:32 heat flow
active
mounds, A:19-20, 23-29; B:307
conduction, A:23-29
See also thermal
conductivity
heat transfer,
massive sulfides, B:332-334
hematite
hydrothermal alteration, A:161
hydrothermal fields, A:8;
B:9-11, 14, 368-369
photograph, A:101, 156,
B:246
holohyaline
textures
petrology, A:199-200
photograph, A:200
hyaloclastite
hydrothermal alteration, A:161
photograph, A:132, 161, 193
hybridization, subsurface
biosphere, B:356-359
hydrofracturing
clasts,
B:243-244
See also
fracturing
hydrogeology,
active mounds, A:19-21
hydrothermal
alteration
basement,
B:255-276
distribution, B:407-409
sequence, B:241-243, 266,
268, 307
sulfides, A:103-109,
113-114
TAG-2 area, A:160-163
TAG-4 area, A:193-199
TAG-5 area, A:219-220
See also
alteration fronts; alteration halos; basalts,
altered; breccia, silicified wallrock;
chalcopyritization, breccia; chloritization;
pyritization; silicification; wallrock alteration
hydrothermal
circulation, spreading centers, A:5-14
hydrothermal
fields
lead
isotopes, B:105-108
tectonics, A:6-8
hydrothermal
fluids
fluid
inclusions, B:187-188
geochemistry, B:88-89
osmium isotopes, B:97-98
rare earths in anhydrite,
B:152-155
hydrothermal
mound-stockwork complexes, development, B:404-410
hydrothermal
mounds
active
zones, A:18-19; B:231-254
anhydrite precipitation,
B:119-127
comparison of massive
sulfides of Cyprus-type and Trans-Atlantic
Geotraverse, B:389-415
geochemical section,
B:363-387
geochemistry, B:47-70
growth and evolution,
B:21-23, 405-408
heat flow,
A:23-29
hydrothermal
fields, A:7-8
oxygen
isotopes, B:129-141
petrology, B:5-26
stratigraphy, A:11-13,
67-68; B:14-17
strontium and oxygen
isotopes, B:297-309
structure and morphology,
A:15-21; B:392-394
sulfur isotopes, B:71-84
hydrothermal
systems
comparison of sulfur isotopes, B:77-79
redox, B:98-99
spreading centers, A:5-14
hydrothermal
vents, subsurface biosphere, B:356-359
hysteresis
breccia,
B:341, 343-344
See also magnetic
properties; remanent magnetization
|
I
|
iddingsite,
photograph, A:162
igneous rocks
geochemistry, A:163, 199-200
petrology, A:163, 199-200
See also basalts;
glasses; olivine basalts; pillow basalts
illite(?),
hydrothermal alteration, A:108
inclusions
photograph, A:74, 115, 131, 153, 183-184, 190
pyrite, B:195
index
properties
breccia,
A:163-165, 205, 220-221
mineralization, B:313-315
silicified iron oxides,
A:173
sulfides, A:115-120, 135,
220
indium
mineral
separates, B:31, 370-373
vs. depth, B:54, 58, 60, 62
interstitial
waters, geochemistry, A:173
ions, fluids,
A:124, 126-127, 140, 169, 173-174
iridium,
mineral separates, B:33
iron
basalts,
B:217
clay minerals, B:281-282
element correlations,
B:378-381
hydrothermal clays, B:217
mineral separates, B:33,
36, 38, 94, 370-376
sphalerite, B:13
sulfides, A:93-94, 97-98,
156, 158-160, 172
sulfides and sediments,
B:44
vs. depth, A:129, 160, 195;
B:53, 57, 59, 61, 374-376
vs. silica, B:263
See also
copper-iron-sulfur system; copper/iron ratio;
zinc/iron ratio
iron/(iron+magnesium) ratio, vs. silicon, B:242
iron oxides
clay
minerals, B:280-282
deposits, A:145, 156, 158
geochemistry, B:52
hydrothermal fields, A:7
metabasaltic clasts, B:217
mineral separates, B:29
osmium and rhenium,
B:95-100
petrology, A:184, 190
photograph, A:147-151, 157,
180, 186-187, 195
sulfides and sediments,
B:43
vs. magnesium oxide, B:283
vs. water content, B:264
See also hematite;
magnetite
iron oxides,
silicified, petrology, A:172
iron
oxyhydroxides
geochemical section, B:366-367
hydrothermal fields, A:7;
B:7-11, 14, 236-239, 368-369
photograph, A:157; B:246
iron sulfides
hydrothermal fields, A:8; B:9
See also
copper-iron sulfides
isotope
equilibrium, geochemistry, B:88-89
isotopes. See
stable isotopes
|
J
|
Juan de Fuca
Ridge, thermal properties comparison with Trans-Atlantic
Geotraverse, B:329-335 |
K
|
Kane Fracture
Zone, basalts, B:106
Koenigsberger ratio
breccia,
A:221-222; B:342
sulfides, A:167
See also
demagnetization; magnetic properties
Kremlin white
smoker field
geochemical section, B:366
geochemistry, B:52
hydrothermal fields, A:8
lead isotopes, B:104-109
major and trace elements,
B:52, 57-59
stratigraphy, A:142-144;
B:232-236
sulfur isotopes, B:76-77
See also white
smokers
Kuster-Tokoz
theory
fluid
flow, B:324, 326
See also fluid
flow
|
L
|
lanthanum,
sulfides and sediments, B:45 lanthanum/samarium ratio
basalts,
B:218
hydrothermal clays, B:218
metabasaltic clasts, B:218
vs. latitude, B:221
lanthanum/ytterbium ratio
anhydrite, B:154
vs. europium, B:158
lead
element
correlations, B:378-381, 384
mineral separates, B:31,
370-376
sulfides, petrology,
A:93-94, 97-98, 156, 158-160, 189-191; B:106-107
sulfides and sediments,
B:44
vs. depth, A:129, 160, 195;
B:53, 57, 59, 61, 374-376
lead isotopes
comparison of Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse with North
Atlantic MORB, B:104-107
mineralization, B:101-109
lead-210,
sulfides, B:111-117
lepidocrocite,
photograph, B:246
lherzolite.
See spinel lherzolite
lithology
stratigraphy, A:67-68, 142-144, 177-178; B:232-236,
286-288, 298-301
sulfides, A:210-211
vs. depth, A:70-71
loss on
ignition
basalts,
B:215, 217-218
hydrothermal clays,
B:217-218
metabasaltic clasts,
B:217-218
mineral separates, B:29
sulfides and sediments,
B:43
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M
|
magnesium
anhydrite, B:121-124, 133-135
clay minerals, B:281-283
fluid geochemistry, A:126,
140, 173
See also iron/(iron+magnesium)
ratio
magnesium/calcium ratio
anhydrite, B:121-124, 133-135
vs. depth, B:125, 135
magnesium
number, basalts, B:215
magnesium oxide
clay
minerals, B:280-282
mineral
separates, B:29, 94
sulfides
and sediments, B:43
vs. calcium oxide/aluminum
oxide ratio, B:224
vs. iron oxide, B:283
vs. sodium oxide, B:224
vs. water content, B:264
magnetic
anisotropy, minerals, B:349
magnetic
inclination, vs. depth, A:139, 167; B:342
magnetic
intensity
sulfides,
A:121-122
vs. depth, A:139, 167;
B:342
magnetic
properties
cores,
A:207
TAG-5 area, A:223;
B:337-351
See also Curie
temperature; hysteresis; Koenigsberger ratio;
remanent magnetization
magnetic
susceptibility
breccia,
B:340
silicified iron oxides,
A:173
sulfides, A:122, 167-168
vs. temperature, B:347
magnetic
susceptibility, anisotropy, sulfides, A:168
magnetic
susceptibility, low-field, breccia, B:342-343
magnetic
susceptibility, volume vs. depth, A:136, 138, 140, 165,
169, 172, 222
magnetite,
magnetic properties, B:349-350
major elements
basalts,
B:215-216, 218, 222, 224
basalts and clasts, B:259
clay minerals, B:279-284
hydrothermal alteration,
B:27-39, 49-63, 94-96
hydrothermal mounds, B:367,
370-376
manganese
hydrothermal mounds, B:370-373
sulfides and sediments,
B:44
See also nodules,
manganese
manganese oxide
hydrothermal fields, A:7
mineral
separates, B:29
sulfides
and sediments, B:43
mantle,
geochemistry, B:225
marcasite
hydrothermal fields, A:10; B:9-11, 13, 194, 368-369
photograph, A:149, 181-183,
189, 217; B:198
sulfur isotopes, B:17-19
marcasite,
colloform, photograph, A:152, 184, 187-188
marcasite,
massive, colloform, photograph, A:181
mass wasting
hydrothermal fields, A:8
neovolcanic zones, A:18-21
massive
deposits
stratigraphy, A:67-68
See also sulfides,
massive
melting
mantle,
B:225
See also partial
melting
mercury,
mineral separates, B:33
metabasalts,
geochemistry, B:217-218, 221
metals
hydrothermal fields, A:93-94, 97-98; B:395, 397, 412
See also base
metals; precious metals, and individual metals
microbial
cells, nucleotides, B:357-359
microlites
petrology, A:163, 200; B:236
photograph, A:132, 162;
B:246
microorganisms,
subsurface biosphere, B:356-359
microphenocrysts
photograph, B:246
See also
phenocrysts
microthermometry
anhydrite
precipitation, B:122-123
fluid inclusions,
B:166-170, 182-183
See also fluid
inclusions; temperature
Mid-Atlantic
Ridge
basalts,
B:104-107, 213-229
hydrothermal systems,
A:5-14
sulfides, B:193-210
mid-ocean
ridges, hydrothermal fields, A:5-14
mid-ocean
ridges, slow-spreading, subsurface biosphere, B:355-360
mineral
abundance, tomography, B:201-210
mineral
separates, major elements, B:27-39
mineralization
hydrothermal fields, A:9-10; B:6-7, 21-22, 195,
201-210
lead isotopes, B:101-109
pyrite, A:178, 211
remanent magnetization,
B:337-351
stratigraphy, A:68
sulfides, A:144
See also ores;
precious metals; sulfides
mineralization,
hydrothermal
lateral
variations, B:17
petrology, B:5-26, 307
mineralogy
geochemical section, B:366-367, 394-395
sulfides, A:72
Mir
hydrothermal zone, hydrothermal fields, A:7-8; B:391
mixed-layer
minerals
petrology, B:240-241
See also chlorite-smectite
mixture; clay minerals
molybdenum
element
correlations, B:384
mineral
separates, B:31, 33, 37, 39, 370-376
sulfides
and sediments, B:44
vs. depth, B:54, 56, 58,
60, 62, 374-376
morphology,
neovolcanic zones, A:18-21
Mossbauer
spectra
magnetism, B:345
velocity vs. absorption,
B:348
mud
hydrothermal fields, A:9-10
stratigraphy, A:142-144
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