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accretion

neovolcanic zones, A:18-21
spreading centers, A:5-14

active zones, geology, A:18-19

age

sulfides, B:111-117
vs. uranium content, B:113-114

alteration fronts

geochemistry, B:265, 269-270, 289-293
photograph, A:200
See also alteration halos; hydrothermal alteration

alteration halos

hydrothermal alteration, petrology, A:197
photograph, A:86, 91, 105, 121, 132, 162, 198; B:246-249
rare earths, B:266
relation to veins, A:113-114
See also alteration fronts; hydrothermal alteration

aluminum

hydrothermal mounds, B:370-380
phyllosilicates, B:242
sulfides and sediments, B:45
vs. calcium+sodium+potassium, B:242

aluminum oxide

basalts, B:217
hydrothermal clays, B:217
metabasaltic clasts, B:217
mineral separates, B:28-29, 94, 370-373
sulfides and sediments, B:43
vs. barium, B:263
vs. potassium oxide, B:263
vs. sodium oxide, B:263
vs. titanium oxide, B:263
vs. water content, B:264

Alvin hydrothermal zone

heat flow, A:23-29
hydrothermal fields, A:7-8, 16; B:391
amorphous deposits
hydrothermal fields, A:8
See also silica, amorphous

anemones, hydrothermal fields, A:9

anhydrite

active zones, A:19
breccia, A:71, 73-79
fluid inclusions, B:178-190
geochemical section, B:366-367
geochemistry, B:46-70
hydrothermal fields, A:7-13; B:9-11, 13-17, 22, 42-46, 368-369
microthermometry, B:166-170
petrology, A:216, 219
photograph, A:78, 80, 86-87, 91, 95, 98, 100,
102-109, 147, 153, 156, 161, 215-217; B:134, 147-149, 249
porosity vs. seismic velocity, B:313-327
precipitation, B:119-127, 307-308
rare earths, B:143-159
role in growth rate of mineralization, B:411
stable isotopes, B:85-90
stratigraphy, A:67-68
strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:129-141, 306-308
sulfur isotopes, B:19-20, 74-79
thermal properties, B:329-335
veins, A:68, 81-83, 86-87, 91, 95, 98, 100-109, 144, 211
See also breccia; clasts; veins

anhydrite, colloform, photograph, A:152

anhydrite, granular, photograph, A:74

anhydrite percentage, vs. compressional wave velocity, B:325

antimony

mineral separates, B:33
sulfides, B:37, 39
sulfides and sediments, B:45
vs. depth, B:54-55, 58, 60, 62

Argo-II, hydrothermal fields, A:16, 18-20

arsenic
element correlations, B:378-381, 384
mineral separates, B:33, 37, 39, 349, 370-376, 395
sulfides and sediments, B:44
vs. depth, B:54-55, 58, 60, 62, 374-376

atacamite, hydrothermal fields, A:8

Atlantis Fracture Zone, basalts, B:106

banding, photograph, A:98-103; B:197

barium

mineral separates, B:30
sulfides and sediments, B:43, 45
vs. aluminum oxide, B:263

basalts

geochemistry, B:213-229, 269-270
hydrothermal alteration, A:160-163, 193, 194-199, 219
hydrothermal fields, A:7; B:231-254
lithology, A:202-205
magnetic susceptibility, B:347
osmium and rhenium, B:95-100
photograph, A:196
porosity vs. seismic velocity, B:313-327
silicification and paragonitization, B:257, 263-264
thermal conductivity, B:332
See also glasses; igneous rocks; olivine basalts; pillow basalts

basalts, altered

geochemistry, B:281
petrology, A:150; B:301
photograph, A:116-117, 162, 197-199, 217-218; B:246-248
strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:302

basalts, aphyric, petrology, A:163-164

basalts, chloritized

geochemistry, B:267, 270-271, 290-291
photograph, B:246-248
rare earths, B:266
strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:302-308
trace elements, B:53-56, 264-266
vertical distribution, B:14-17, 237-238

basalts, mid-ocean ridge

geochemistry, B:307
lead isotopes, B:104-107

basalts, paragonitized

geochemistry, B:291-292
trace elements, B:53-56

basalts, paragonitized-silicified, geochemistry, B:267

basalts, silicified

clasts, A:104-105, 107
geochemical section, B:367
photograph, A:126, 130
strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:302
vertical distribution, B:14-17, 22

base metals

hydrothermal mounds, B:370-380
stratigraphy, A:11-13
See also metals; precious metals

basement

clasts, B:243-244
hydrothermal alteration, B:255-276, 289-293

bathymetry

hydrothermal fields, A:6-7, 16-18; B:6, 131
lead isotopes, B:105

benthic fauna, hydrothermal fields, A:8-9

beryllium

mineral separates, B:30
sulfides and sediments, B:45

biosphere, subsurface, slow-spreading ridges, B:355-360

Black Smoker Complex

geochemical section, B:365-366
hydrothermal fields, A:7-8, 9-13, 18-19
lead isotopes, B:104-109
lithostratigraphy, B:232-236
petrology, A:199-200
sulfur isotopes, B:76

black smokers

age, B:113
fluid inclusions, B:395
geochemical section, B:365-366
geochemistry, B:51-52, 307
heat flow, A:25-27
hydrothermal fields, A:7, 9-10, 19; B:5-26
major and trace elements, B:51-56
rare earths in anhydrite, B:152, 157-158
relation to veins, A:113-114
seawater mixing, B:135-136
strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:129-141
sulfur isotopes, B:76
See also Black Smoker Complex; Kremlin white smoker field; white smokers

bornite, petrology, B:9-11, 14

breccia

clasts, A:73; B:243-244
hydrothermal fields, A:9-10, 12; B:11, 22-23, 42-46
mineralization, A:144
ores, B:411-412
osmium, B:99
photograph, A:70-71, 73-81, 152
rare earths in anhydrite, B:155-159
silica, A:79-81
stratigraphy, A:67-68
sulfides, A:103-104
sulfur isotopes, B:19-20, 74-79
thermal conductivity, B:332
See also anhydrite; clasts; veins

breccia, anhydrite, composition, A:71, 73-79

breccia, basaltic, photograph, A:116-117, 131; B:248

breccia, chert-sulfide

deposits, A:145
photograph, A:149

breccia, chloritized basalt

geochemistry, B:52
hydrothermal alteration, A:107-109, 113
photograph, A:116-120, 131-132; B:84
strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:302
breccia, massive pyrite, petrology, A:151-154

breccia, nodular

photograph, A:73, 75-77, 79-83, 91-92, 127-128
pyrite, A:70-71, 73-74

breccia, nodular pyrite

petrology, A:158, 217, 219
photograph, A:125, 215

breccia, nodular pyrite-anhydrite

photograph, A:216; B:147, 177
tomography, B:204-205

breccia, nodular pyrite-silica

petrology, A:155, 158
photograph, A:156; B:177

breccia, paragonitized basalt, strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:302-308

breccia, pillow

geochemistry, B:269-270
photograph, B:246
rare earths, B:266

breccia, porous, photograph, A:73, 125

breccia, porous nodular pyrite, photograph, A:153

breccia, pyrite

geochemistry, B:52
magnetic susceptibility, B:347
mineralization, A:144
petrology, A:70-71, 212; B:394
photograph, A:73

breccia, pyrite-anhydrite

geochemistry, B:52
petrology, A:71, 73-75, 79, 212-213, 219; B:394
photograph, A:73-86, 127-128, 215, 217; B:26, 84
sulfides, B:194-195, 394
trace elements, B:53-58, 61-62

breccia, pyrite-anhydrite-silica, geochemistry, B:52

breccia, pyrite-quartz, photograph, B:26

breccia, pyrite-quartz-anhydrite, photograph, B:26

breccia, pyrite-silica

geochemistry, B:52
mineralization, A:144
petrology, A:79-81, 154, 183, 188-191, 214, 216; B:394
photograph, A:88-91, 115, 154-155, 185, 190-194, 215; B:84, 177, 251
tomography, B:205
trace elements, B:53-62

breccia, pyrite-silica-anhydrite

petrology, A:79, 155
photograph, A:87-88, 159
sulfides, B:194-195
tomography, B:205

breccia, silicified wallrock

geochemistry, B:52
hydrothermal alteration, A:105, 107
petrology, A:81, 154-155, 189, 216
photograph, A:92-97, 116, 130, 157-158, 161, 193, 195, 197, 218; B:84, 249, 252
strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:302-308
trace elements, B:53-56, 58-62

brecciation, photograph, A:109

bromine, mineral separates, B:33, 37, 39

element correlations, B:379-381, 384
hydrothermal fields, A:10; B:370-373, 395
mineral separates, B:31
sulfides, A:93-94, 97-98, 156, 158-160, 172, 189-191
sulfides and sediments, B:44
vs. depth, A:195; B:53, 57, 59, 61, 374-376

calcium

element correlations, B:378-382
enrichment, B:377
fluid geochemistry, A:126, 140
hydrothermal mounds, B:370-380
mineral separates, B:94
sulfides, B:37, 39
sulfides and sediments, B:45
vs. depth, B:53, 57, 59, 61, 374-376
See also magnesium/calcium ratio; strontium/calcium ratio

calcium+sodium+potassium, vs. aluminum, B:242

calcium oxide

basalts, B:217
hydrothermal clays, B:217
metabasaltic clasts, B:217
mineral separates, B:29
sulfides and sediments, B:43
vs. water content, B:264

calcium oxide/aluminum oxide ratio

vs. latitude, B:220
vs. magnesium oxide, B:224

cauliflower textures, photograph, A:182

cesium, mineral separates, B:32

chalcedony, photograph, A:147-148, 155, 180, 184-185

chalcopyrite

copper-iron-sulfur system, B:13
hydrothermal fields, A:7, 9-13; B:9-13, 194, 368-369, 395
lead isotopes, B:105-108
major and trace elements, B:36-39
mineralization, A:144, 211
paragenesis, B:194-195
photograph, A:79, 102-103, 114, 117, 123, 147, 151, 153, 155-156, 191-192, 194, 214-215, 217; B:147
stratigraphy, A:67-68
sulfur isotopes, B:17-21, 74-79
trace elements, B:36-39, 55-56

chalcopyrite, colloform, photograph, B:197

chalcopyrite, interstitial, photograph, A:74

chalcopyrite, massive, photograph, A:124

chalcopyrite percentage, vs. compressional wave velocity, B:325

chalcopyritization, breccia, B:177

chemoautotrophs, hydrothermal fields, A:9

chemosynthetic activity, hydrothermal fields, A:8-9

chert

geochemistry, B:52
hydrothermal alteration, A:162
hydrothermal fields, A:9-11; B:7-11
photograph, A:81, 149-150, 158
stratigraphy, A:142-144
vertical distribution, B:14-17

chert, red, Cyprus-type deposits, B:409

chert, red and gray deposits

lithology, A:145, 147-148, 150-151, 155
petrology, A:171-172, 179-180, 184-186, 188
photograph, A:179-183, 187

chimneys

active zones, A:18-19
hydrothermal fields, A:7; B:379-381

chloride, fluid geochemistry, A:126, 173

chlorite

hydrothermal alteration, A:161, 197
hydrothermal fields, A:9-10; B:14, 236-241, 368-369
photograph, A:132, 198-199, 201; B:246-249, 254
strontium isotopes, B:306-308

chlorite-smectite mixture

petrology, B:240-241
photograph, B:247
See also clay minerals; mixed-layer minerals

chlorite volume percent, vs. oxygen isotopes, B:290

chloritization

geochemistry, B:271-273, 290-291
hydrothermal alteration, A:162-163
hydrothermal fields, A:10, 12; B:264-267, 269-270
oxygen isotopes, B:293
photograph, A:132, 200; B:248, 254

chromium

basalts, B:218
hydrothermal clays, B:218
metabasaltic clasts, B:218
mineral separates, B:30

clasts

breccia, A:70-71, 73-74; B:74-79
hydrothermal alteration petrology, A:193, 194-199, 220
hydrothermal fields, A:9-10
origin, B:243-244
petrology, A:79-81
photograph, A:73, 76-77, 81-83, 88-89, 91-92, 115-116, 123, 126, 130-132, 154-157, 181, 185, 187-188, 190-192, 195-197, 215-217; B:147, 248
silicification and paragonitization, B:257, 263-264
silicified basalt, A:104-105, 107
stratigraphy, A:67-68, 142-144
sulfides, A:103-104
See also anhydrite; breccia; veins

clasts, basaltic, photograph, A:92, 116, 118, 130; B:200, 249-253

clasts, chert, vertical distribution, B:14-17

clasts, metabasaltic, geochemistry, B:217-218, 221

clasts, silicified

hydrothermal alteration, A:160-163
strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:302-308

clay minerals

hydrothermal alteration, A:108; B:239-241, 277-284, 368-369
mineralogy and chemical composition, B:277-284
photograph, A:131
See also phyllosilicates and individual clay minerals

clays, hydrothermal, geochemistry, B:215, 217-220

clinopyroxene

fractional crystallization, B:220-225
See also olivine-clinopyroxene-quartz system

cobalt

distribution in massive sulfides, B:405
element correlations, B:378-381, 384-385
mineral separates, B:30, 33, 37, 39, 370-376
pyrite, B:12
sulfides, B:19
sulfides and sediments, B:44
vs. copper, B:398
vs. depth, B:54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 374-376
vs. selenium, B:398
vs. water content, B:265

colloform textures

hydrothermal fields, A:12
photograph, A:107, 114, 124, 182; B:197

compressional wave velocity

breccia, A:117, 136, 164, 167, 221
mineralization, B:319-325
vs. anhydrite percentage, B:325
vs. bulk density, B:322
vs. depth, A:137; B:321
vs. porosity, A:137
vs. shear wave velocity, B:324
vs. sulfides (pyrite+chalcopyrite) percentage, B:325
vs. total porosity, B:323
See also seismic velocity; ultrasonic data

compressional wave velocity, ultrasonic, vs. depth, B:321-322

conduction

heat flow, A:23-29
See also thermal conductivity

convection, hydrothermal fields, A:8

copper

distribution in massive sulfides, B:405
element correlations, B:65, 378-381, 384
enrichment, B:377
hydrothermal fields, A:9-10; B:370-380, 395, 397
mineral separates, B:30, 94
pyrite, B:12
sphalerite, B:13
sulfides, A:93-94, 97-98, 156, 158-160, 172
sulfides and sediments, B:44
vs. cobalt, B:398
vs. depth, A:129, 160, 195; B:53, 57, 59, 61, 374-376
vs. water content, B:265
vs. zinc, B:398
zonation, B:397
See also zinc/copper ratio

copper-iron sulfides, hydrothermal fields, A:8

copper-iron-sulfur system, chalcopyrite, B:13

copper/iron ratio

sulfides, A:97-98, 158
vs. depth, A:129

core barrels, motor-driven, A:31-35

coring, systems, A:31-35

correlation coefficients

hydrothermal mounds, B:52, 63-65
See also element correlations; partition coefficient; principal component analysis; statistical analysis

covellite, petrology, B:9-11, 14

crusts

hydrothermal fields, A:7, 10
sulfides, A:101-103

crystal chemistry

anhydrite, B:122-124
phyllosilicates, B:241
crystal growth, photograph, A:99-101

Curie temperature

magnetism, B:345
See also magnetic properties

Cyprus

comparison of massive sulfides with, B:390, 398-404

massive sulfides, B:78

Cyprus-type deposits, comparison of massive sulfides with Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, A:12; B:195, 389-415

discrete samples, B:340-344
See also Koenigsberger ratio

demagnetization, alternating-field

equal-area projection, A:223
sulfides, A:121-122, 139-140, 166-167
vectors, A:168, 207, 222

demagnetization, thermal, sulfides, A:121-122, 139

density, tomography, B:203-204

density, bulk

breccia, B:208
vs. compressional wave velocity, B:322
vs. depth, A:135, 138, 166, 206, 220
vs. porosity, A:135, 166, 206, 221

density, grain

breccia, B:208
vs. depth, A:135, 138, 166, 206, 220

density, wet-bulk, vs. depth, A:136, 138, 165, 172, 222

digenite, petrology, B:9-11, 14

dip, vs. depth, A:113

dissolution

clasts, B:243-244
textures, B:195

dissolution cavities, photograph, A:92, 115

DNA extraction, subsurface biosphere, B:356

electron microscopy, subsurface biosphere, B:356-359

element correlations

hydrothermal mounds, B:52, 63-65
See also correlation coefficients; partition coefficient; principal component analysis; statistical analysis

enrichment, subsurface biosphere, B:356-359

erosion, gossan, B:409-410

europium

anhydrite, B:150-159
vs. depth, B:156
vs. gadolinium, B:158
vs. lanthanum/ytterbium ratio, B:158

extension, active mounds, A:19-20

hydrothermal fields, A:6, 12-13
neovolcanic zones, A:18-21

faults, listric, active mounds, A:19-20

fluid-rock interactions, hydrothermal systems, B:97-99, 195

fluid evolution

anhydrite precipitation, B:123-124
oxygen isotopes, B:292-293

fluid flow

geochemistry, B:88-89
hydrothermal mounds, B:124
porosity, B:324, 326
spreading centers, A:5-14
See also Kuster-Tokoz theory; permeability; porosity

fluid inclusions

anhydrite, B:123
geochemistry, B:88-89
photograph, B:178, 182, 252
temperature, B:163-190, 395
See also microthermometry; temperature

fluid mixing

anhydrite, B:119-127, 187-189
chlorite and smectite, B:283
oxygen isotopes, B:137-138, 306-308

fluids, geochemistry, A:123-124, 126-127, 168-169, 173-174

formation factor, breccia, A:136

fractional crystallization, basalts, B:220-225, 228-229

fractures

photograph, A:85, 93, 183, 185; B:197
textures, B:195

fracturing

clasts, B:243-244
See also hydrofracturing

frost heave, clasts, B:243-244

gadolinium, vs. europium, B:158

gallium

mineral separates, B:32
vs. depth, B:54, 58, 60, 62

gamma rays, vs. depth, A:136, 138, 165, 172, 222

geochemical section, Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, B:363-387

geochemistry

basalts, B:213-229
basement, B:255-276
fluids, A:123-124, 126-127, 168-169, 173-174
hydrothermal clays, B:215, 217-220
hydrothermal mounds, B:47-70
igneous rocks, A:163, 199-200
massive sulfides and sediments, B:41-46
shipboard samples, B:27-39
statistical analysis, B:376-381
sulfides, A:93-94, 97-98, 155-159, 172, 189-191, 216-219; B:19-20

geochemistry, bulk, hydrothermal mounds, B:367, 370-376, 395-397

geochronology

hydrothermal fields, A:8
sulfides, B:111-117
See also time scales

geology

hydrothermal fields, A:16-18
Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, A:6-8

geomagnetic excursions, magnetism, B:349

germanium, mineral separates, B:370-373

glass shards, photograph, A:132

glasses

petrology, A:199-200
photograph, A:196, 201; B:248

glasses, banded, photograph, A:150

glasses, chloritized, strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:302

goethite

hydrothermal fields, A:8
nucleotides, B:357, 359

gold

element correlations, B:65, 395
mineral separates, B:33, 36, 39
sulfides, A:158-159
sulfides and sediments, B:46
vs. depth, B:54-55, 58, 60, 62
zonation, B:397

gold, native, hydrothermal fields, B:14

gossan

development, B:409-410
hydrothermal fields, A:7

grabens. See rift valleys

grabens, axial, active zones, B:380-381

grade

zonation, B:397-398, 409
See also tonnage

growth bands, photograph, B:197-199

growth models, hydrothermal mounds, B:405-406, 408

growth rate, mineralization, B:411

heat flow

active mounds, A:19-20, 23-29; B:307
conduction, A:23-29
See also thermal conductivity

heat transfer, massive sulfides, B:332-334

hematite

hydrothermal alteration, A:161
hydrothermal fields, A:8; B:9-11, 14, 368-369
photograph, A:101, 156, B:246

holohyaline textures

petrology, A:199-200
photograph, A:200

hyaloclastite

hydrothermal alteration, A:161
photograph, A:132, 161, 193
hybridization, subsurface biosphere, B:356-359

hydrofracturing

clasts, B:243-244
See also fracturing

hydrogeology, active mounds, A:19-21

hydrothermal alteration

basement, B:255-276
distribution, B:407-409
sequence, B:241-243, 266, 268, 307
sulfides, A:103-109, 113-114
TAG-2 area, A:160-163
TAG-4 area, A:193-199
TAG-5 area, A:219-220
See also alteration fronts; alteration halos; basalts, altered; breccia, silicified wallrock; chalcopyritization, breccia; chloritization; pyritization; silicification; wallrock alteration

hydrothermal circulation, spreading centers, A:5-14

hydrothermal fields

lead isotopes, B:105-108
tectonics, A:6-8

hydrothermal fluids

fluid inclusions, B:187-188
geochemistry, B:88-89
osmium isotopes, B:97-98
rare earths in anhydrite, B:152-155

hydrothermal mound-stockwork complexes, development, B:404-410

hydrothermal mounds

active zones, A:18-19; B:231-254
anhydrite precipitation, B:119-127
comparison of massive sulfides of Cyprus-type and Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, B:389-415
geochemical section, B:363-387
geochemistry, B:47-70
growth and evolution, B:21-23, 405-408

heat flow, A:23-29

hydrothermal fields, A:7-8

oxygen isotopes, B:129-141
petrology, B:5-26
stratigraphy, A:11-13, 67-68; B:14-17
strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:297-309
structure and morphology, A:15-21; B:392-394
sulfur isotopes, B:71-84

hydrothermal systems

comparison of sulfur isotopes, B:77-79
redox, B:98-99
spreading centers, A:5-14

hydrothermal vents, subsurface biosphere, B:356-359

hysteresis

breccia, B:341, 343-344
See also magnetic properties; remanent magnetization

igneous rocks

geochemistry, A:163, 199-200
petrology, A:163, 199-200
See also basalts; glasses; olivine basalts; pillow basalts

illite(?), hydrothermal alteration, A:108

inclusions

photograph, A:74, 115, 131, 153, 183-184, 190
pyrite, B:195

index properties

breccia, A:163-165, 205, 220-221
mineralization, B:313-315
silicified iron oxides, A:173
sulfides, A:115-120, 135, 220

indium

mineral separates, B:31, 370-373
vs. depth, B:54, 58, 60, 62

interstitial waters, geochemistry, A:173

ions, fluids, A:124, 126-127, 140, 169, 173-174

iridium, mineral separates, B:33

iron

basalts, B:217
clay minerals, B:281-282
element correlations, B:378-381
hydrothermal clays, B:217
mineral separates, B:33, 36, 38, 94, 370-376
sphalerite, B:13
sulfides, A:93-94, 97-98, 156, 158-160, 172
sulfides and sediments, B:44
vs. depth, A:129, 160, 195; B:53, 57, 59, 61, 374-376
vs. silica, B:263
See also copper-iron-sulfur system; copper/iron ratio; zinc/iron ratio

iron/(iron+magnesium) ratio, vs. silicon, B:242

iron oxides

clay minerals, B:280-282
deposits, A:145, 156, 158
geochemistry, B:52
hydrothermal fields, A:7
metabasaltic clasts, B:217
mineral separates, B:29
osmium and rhenium, B:95-100
petrology, A:184, 190
photograph, A:147-151, 157, 180, 186-187, 195
sulfides and sediments, B:43
vs. magnesium oxide, B:283
vs. water content, B:264
See also hematite; magnetite

iron oxides, silicified, petrology, A:172

iron oxyhydroxides

geochemical section, B:366-367
hydrothermal fields, A:7; B:7-11, 14, 236-239, 368-369
photograph, A:157; B:246

iron sulfides

hydrothermal fields, A:8; B:9
See also copper-iron sulfides

isotope equilibrium, geochemistry, B:88-89

isotopes. See stable isotopes

Koenigsberger ratio

breccia, A:221-222; B:342
sulfides, A:167
See also demagnetization; magnetic properties

Kremlin white smoker field

geochemical section, B:366
geochemistry, B:52
hydrothermal fields, A:8
lead isotopes, B:104-109
major and trace elements, B:52, 57-59
stratigraphy, A:142-144; B:232-236
sulfur isotopes, B:76-77
See also white smokers

Kuster-Tokoz theory

fluid flow, B:324, 326
See also fluid flow

lanthanum/samarium ratio

basalts, B:218
hydrothermal clays, B:218
metabasaltic clasts, B:218
vs. latitude, B:221

lanthanum/ytterbium ratio

anhydrite, B:154
vs. europium, B:158

lead

element correlations, B:378-381, 384
mineral separates, B:31, 370-376
sulfides, petrology, A:93-94, 97-98, 156, 158-160, 189-191; B:106-107
sulfides and sediments, B:44
vs. depth, A:129, 160, 195; B:53, 57, 59, 61, 374-376

lead isotopes

comparison of Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse with North Atlantic MORB, B:104-107
mineralization, B:101-109

lead-210, sulfides, B:111-117

lepidocrocite, photograph, B:246

lherzolite. See spinel lherzolite

lithology

stratigraphy, A:67-68, 142-144, 177-178; B:232-236, 286-288, 298-301
sulfides, A:210-211
vs. depth, A:70-71

loss on ignition

basalts, B:215, 217-218
hydrothermal clays, B:217-218
metabasaltic clasts, B:217-218
mineral separates, B:29
sulfides and sediments, B:43

anhydrite, B:121-124, 133-135
clay minerals, B:281-283
fluid geochemistry, A:126, 140, 173
See also iron/(iron+magnesium) ratio

magnesium/calcium ratio

anhydrite, B:121-124, 133-135
vs. depth, B:125, 135

magnesium number, basalts, B:215

magnesium oxide

clay minerals, B:280-282

mineral separates, B:29, 94

sulfides and sediments, B:43
vs. calcium oxide/aluminum oxide ratio, B:224
vs. iron oxide, B:283
vs. sodium oxide, B:224
vs. water content, B:264

magnetic anisotropy, minerals, B:349

magnetic inclination, vs. depth, A:139, 167; B:342

magnetic intensity

sulfides, A:121-122
vs. depth, A:139, 167; B:342

magnetic properties

cores, A:207
TAG-5 area, A:223; B:337-351
See also Curie temperature; hysteresis; Koenigsberger ratio; remanent magnetization

magnetic susceptibility

breccia, B:340
silicified iron oxides, A:173
sulfides, A:122, 167-168
vs. temperature, B:347

magnetic susceptibility, anisotropy, sulfides, A:168

magnetic susceptibility, low-field, breccia, B:342-343

magnetic susceptibility, volume vs. depth, A:136, 138, 140, 165, 169, 172, 222

magnetite, magnetic properties, B:349-350

major elements

basalts, B:215-216, 218, 222, 224
basalts and clasts, B:259
clay minerals, B:279-284
hydrothermal alteration, B:27-39, 49-63, 94-96
hydrothermal mounds, B:367, 370-376

manganese

hydrothermal mounds, B:370-373
sulfides and sediments, B:44
See also nodules, manganese

manganese oxide

hydrothermal fields, A:7

mineral separates, B:29

sulfides and sediments, B:43

mantle, geochemistry, B:225

marcasite

hydrothermal fields, A:10; B:9-11, 13, 194, 368-369
photograph, A:149, 181-183, 189, 217; B:198
sulfur isotopes, B:17-19

marcasite, colloform, photograph, A:152, 184, 187-188

marcasite, massive, colloform, photograph, A:181

mass wasting

hydrothermal fields, A:8
neovolcanic zones, A:18-21

massive deposits

stratigraphy, A:67-68
See also sulfides, massive

melting

mantle, B:225
See also partial melting

mercury, mineral separates, B:33

metabasalts, geochemistry, B:217-218, 221

metals

hydrothermal fields, A:93-94, 97-98; B:395, 397, 412
See also base metals; precious metals, and individual metals

microbial cells, nucleotides, B:357-359

microlites

petrology, A:163, 200; B:236
photograph, A:132, 162; B:246

microorganisms, subsurface biosphere, B:356-359

microphenocrysts

photograph, B:246
See also phenocrysts

microthermometry

anhydrite precipitation, B:122-123
fluid inclusions, B:166-170, 182-183
See also fluid inclusions; temperature

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

basalts, B:104-107, 213-229
hydrothermal systems, A:5-14
sulfides, B:193-210

mid-ocean ridges, hydrothermal fields, A:5-14

mid-ocean ridges, slow-spreading, subsurface biosphere, B:355-360

mineral abundance, tomography, B:201-210

mineral separates, major elements, B:27-39

mineralization

hydrothermal fields, A:9-10; B:6-7, 21-22, 195, 201-210
lead isotopes, B:101-109
pyrite, A:178, 211
remanent magnetization, B:337-351
stratigraphy, A:68
sulfides, A:144
See also ores; precious metals; sulfides

mineralization, hydrothermal

lateral variations, B:17
petrology, B:5-26, 307

mineralogy

geochemical section, B:366-367, 394-395
sulfides, A:72

Mir hydrothermal zone, hydrothermal fields, A:7-8; B:391

mixed-layer minerals

petrology, B:240-241
See also chlorite-smectite mixture; clay minerals

molybdenum

element correlations, B:384

mineral separates, B:31, 33, 37, 39, 370-376

sulfides and sediments, B:44
vs. depth, B:54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 374-376

morphology, neovolcanic zones, A:18-21

Mossbauer spectra

magnetism, B:345
velocity vs. absorption, B:348

mud

hydrothermal fields, A:9-10
stratigraphy, A:142-144

neodymium/ytterbium ratio

anhydrite, B:153
vs. depth, B:156

neovolcanic zones

hydrothermal fields, A:16-18
See also numbered zones

Newfoundland, massive sulfides, B:79

nickel

distribution in massive sulfides, B:405
mineral separates, B:30, 37, 39
sulfides and sediments, B:44
vs. water content, B:265

niobium

mineral separates, B:32
sulfides and sediments, B:45

nodules, manganese, lead isotopes, B:105

nontronite, hydrothermal fields, A:7

Northern Hemisphere Reference Line, sulfides, B:105

Notre Dame Bay, massive sulfides, B:79

nucleotides

goethite, B:357, 359
See also polynucleotides

basalts, B:214-215
fractional crystallization, B:220-225
petrology, A:200
photograph, A:120, 130, 162, 199; B:246

olivine basalts, lithology, A:202-205

olivine-clinopyroxene-quartz system, pseudoternary projections, B:221

Oman

comparison of massive sulfides with Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, B:390, 404, 407
massive sulfides, B:79

ooze, hydrothermal fields, A:7

opal

chimneys, B:381-382
See also quartz; silica

ophiolite, comparison of Cyprus-type massive sulfides with Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, B:399-404

ores

distribution, B:400-403
tonnage, B:397-398
See also mineralization

osmium isotopes, hydrothermal mounds, B:91-100

oxidation. See redox

oxides, magnetism, B:345

oxygen isotopes

anhydrite and sulfides, B:85-90
buffering by hydrothermal circulation, B:138-139
chloritization, B:293
fluid mixing, B:137-138, 306-308
hydrothermal mounds, B:129-141, 285-295, 297-309
paragonitization, B:292
vs. chlorite volume percent, B:290
vs. depth, B:86, 135
vs. strontium-87/strontium-86 ratio, B:138, 305
vs. sulfur isotopes, B:87

oxygen isotopes, quartz, vs. depth, B:291

hydrothermal fields, A:10-11; B:337-351
TAG-1 area, A:120-123
TAG-2 area, A:166-168
TAG-4 area, A:201-203
TAG-5 area, A:221-223
See also remanent magnetization

palladium, sulfides and sediments, B:46

paragenesis

hydrothermal alteration, B:241-243, 266, 268
pyrite-chalcopyrite, B:194-195

paragonite

composition, B:237-241, 291-293
photograph, B:248-253
vertical distribution, B:14-17, 237-241

paragonitization

basalts and clasts, B:257, 263-264
geochemistry, B:270-273, 291-293
oxygen isotopes, B:292
photograph, B:249-254

partial melting

basalts, B:220-225, 228-229
See also melting

partition coefficient

anhydrite, B:122-124
strontium/calcium ratio, B:136-137
vs. precipitation temperature, B:139
vs. strontium-87/strontium-86 ratio, B:139
See also correlation coefficients; element correlations

partition coefficient, magnesium, vs. depth, B:126

partition coefficient, strontium, vs. depth, B:126

partitioning, strontium, B:122-123

permeability

fluid flow, B:324, 326
See also fluid flow; porosity

petrography

breccia, A:68-93
hydrothermal alteration, B:9-10, 42, 236-239
magnetism, B:345
tomography, B:203-204

petrology

hydrothermal mineralization, B:5-26
igneous rocks, A:163, 199-200
sulfides, A:68-93, 95-96, 98-114, 144-155, 157, 159-160, 171-172, 178-189, 191-193, 212-216, 219

phase relationships

textures, B:195
vs. pressure, B:174

phenocrysts

petrology, A:200
photograph, A:120, 199
See also microphenocrysts

phosphate, fluid geochemistry, A:168-169

phosphorus oxide

mineral separates, B:29, 94
sulfides and sediments, B:43

phyllosilicates

hydrothermal alteration, A:193; B:239-241
photograph, A:196, 200-201
See also clay minerals; illite; smectite

phyllosilicates, sodium-rich, hydrothermal alteration, B:14

physical properties

hydrothermal fields, A:10-11
Site 957, A:114-120
sulfides, B:205, 208-209
TAG-1 area, A:114-120
TAG-2 area, A:163-166
TAG-3 area, A:172-173
TAG-4 area, A:200-201
TAG-5 area, A:220-221
vs. thermal conductivity, B:332
See also index properties

pillow basalts

hydrothermal fields, A:7, 12; B:237, 265-267
petrology, A:163, 199-200
photograph, B:246-249
See also basalts; glasses; olivine basalts

pillow rim

chemical composition, B:281
hydrothermal alteration, A:198-199
photograph, A:200-201

plagioclase

basalts, B:214-215
fractional crystallization, B:220-225
petrology, A:163
photograph, A:132, 162, 254

platinum, sulfides and sediments, B:46

polychaetes, hydrothermal fields, A:9

polynucleotides

goethite, B:357, 359
See also nucleotides

pore geometry, aspect ratio, B:326

porosity

mineralization, B:316
models, B:318, 321-324
tomography, B:203-204
vs. bulk density, A:135, 166, 206, 221
vs. compressional wave velocity, A:137
vs. seismic velocity, B:313-327
vs. thermal conductivity, B:333
See also fluid flow; permeability

porosity, total, vs. compressional wave velocity, B:323

potassium, fluid geochemistry, A:126

potassium oxide

mineral separates, B:29, 94
sulfides and sediments, B:43
vs. aluminum oxide, B:263

precious metals

sulfides and sediments, B:46
See also base metals; gold; metals; palladium; platinum

precipitates, thermal properties, B:329-335

pressure, confining, vs. seismic velocity, B:323-325

principal component analysis

geochemistry, B:376-381
See also correlation coefficients; element correlations; statistical analysis

propylitization, clasts, B:243-244

pseudomorphs, photograph, A:162; B:248

pyrite

breccia, A:70-71, 73-81
clasts, B:243-244
geochemistry, B:12, 42-46
hydrothermal fields, A:7, 9-13; B:9-12, 14-17, 21-23, 237-239, 366-367, 392-393
lead isotopes, B:105-108
magnetic properties, B:349-350
major and trace elements, B:36-39
mineralization, A:144, 178, 211
osmium and rhenium, B:95-100
paragenesis, B:194-195
petrology, A:216, 219
photograph, A:147, 156-157, 197; B:148-149, 247-249
stratigraphy, A:67-68, 142-144
sulfur isotopes, B:17-21, 74-79
thermal conductivity, B:332-334
trace elements, B:36-39, 55-56

pyrite, anhedral, photograph, B:198

pyrite, brecciated, photograph, A:84-87

pyrite, colloform

lithology, A:178
photograph, A:152, 184, 188; B:197

pyrite, disseminated, photograph, A:90, 94, 97, 123, 131-132, 157, 179-180, 183, 185, 187, 217-218

pyrite, euhedral, photograph, A:148, 153, 181-185, 187, 189, 194, 214-215, 197-200, 251

pyrite, fine-grained, photograph, A:152, 158

pyrite, granular, photograph, A:74, 184

pyrite, massive

geochemistry, B:52
petrology, A:180, 182-183, 188, 190, 212
photograph, A:73, 114, 116, 121, 123-124, 126, 151, 155, 185, 190
trace elements, B:53-60
See also sulfides, massive

pyrite, massive, colloform, photograph, A:181

pyrite, massive, granular

petrology, A:69-70
photograph, A:184, 190-191, 215

pyrite, nodular, photograph, A:92, 125

pyrite percentage, vs. compressional wave velocity, B:325

pyrite, polycrystalline, photograph, A:184

pyrite, porous

lithology, A:178
photograph, A:124-125

pyrite, porous, massive

petrology, A:172
photograph, A:149, 152, 181-183, 187, 189, 214

pyrite, recrystallized, photograph, A:74

pyrite, siliceous, photograph, A:116

pyrite, spheroidal, photograph, A:149

pyritization

hydrothermal fields, A:10
photograph, A:86, 91, 98, 103, 105, 109, 121, 218, 249-253

pyrrhotite

magnetic properties, B:349-350
petrology, B:9-11, 14
photograph, A:117

breccia, A:74, 79-81
chimneys, B:381-382
fluid inclusions, B:178
geochemical section, B:366-367
hydrothermal alteration, A:199
hydrothermal fields, A:8; B:9-11, 13-17, 22-23, 195, 237-239, 368-369
microthermometry, B:166-170
oxygen isotopes, B:291, 304-306
petrology, A:216
photograph, A:96-97, 115, 130-131, 154, 156-157, 180, 185, 191, 194, 197, 218; B:200, 251-253
stratigraphy, A:67-68
veins, A:68, 144
See also olivine-clinopyroxene-quartz system; opal; silica

quartz bands, photograph, A:196

quartz, colloform-banded, photograph, A:97

quartz, euhedral, photograph, A:88, 90, 93, 97, 117

quartz, interstitial, photograph, A:74

rare earths

alteration halos, B:266
altered basaltic clasts, B:264
anhydrite, B:143-159
basalts, B:215-216, 219-220, 222-223, 225
basalts and clasts, B:261-262
chloritized basalts, B:266
hydrothermal clays, B:219
mantle, B:225
mineral separates, B:34-35
pillow breccias, B:266
standard reference materials, B:276
variation diagrams, B:219

recrystallization

photograph, A:74, 123; B:198, 200
textures, B:194-195

redox

hydrothermal systems, B:98-99

relict zones, hydrothermal fields, A:7

remagnetization, chemical, minerals, B:349-350

remanent magnetization

sulfides, A:121-122; B:337-351
vs. temperature, B:346
See also hysteresis; magnetic properties; paleomagnetism

remanent magnetization, anhysteretic, breccia, B:343

remanent magnetization, natural, breccia, B:340-342

replacement textures, sulfides, A:103-104

resistivity, breccia, A:117, 136, 164, 167, 221

rhenium, hydrothermal mounds, B:91-100

rift valleys

neovolcanic zones, A:16-18
See also grabens

Rimicaris exoculata, hydrothermal fields, A:9

rock magnetics

breccia, A:201-201; B:343-345
sulfides, A:167-168

rubidium, mineral separates, B:32, 37, 39

fluid geochemistry, A:124, 168-169
fluid inclusions, B:179-190
vs. depth, B:173, 186

samarium. See lanthanum/samarium ratio

sand

hydrothermal fields, A:9-10
stratigraphy, A:142-144

scandium

mineral separates, B:30
sulfides and sediments, B:45

seafloor spreading, neovolcanic zones, A:18

seawater, osmium isotopes, B:97-98

seawater mixing, black smokers, B:135-136

sediments

geochemistry, B:41-46
lead isotopes, B:105

sediments, metalliferous

Cyprus-type deposits, B:409
hydrothermal fields, A:7-8

seismic velocity

vs. confining pressure, B:323-325
vs. porosity, B:313-327
See also compressional wave velocity; shear wave velocity; ultrasonic data

selenium

element correlations, B:378-381, 384-385
mineral separates, B:33, 37, 39, 370-376
sulfides, B:19-20, 22
vs. cobalt, B:398
vs. depth, B:54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 374-376

selvage

photograph, A:86, 103, 105, 108, 120, 130, 156, 217-218; B:198-200, 248
textures, B:194-195

Semail Massif, comparison of massive sulfides with Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, B:390, 404, 407

shear wave velocity

orthogonal in massive sulfides, B:325
vs. compressional wave velocity, B:324

shrimps, hydrothermal fields, A:9

sidescan imagery, backscatter, neovolcanic zones, A:16-18

silica

basalts, B:217
breccia, A:79-81
clay minerals, B:280-282
element correlations, B:378-382
fluid geochemistry, A:124, 168-169, 173
geochemistry, B:46-70
hydrothermal clays, B:217
hydrothermal fields, A:8-10; B:7, 11, 21-22, 42-46, 370-380
metabasaltic clasts, B:217
mineral separates, B:28-29, 94
photograph, A:80-81, 191

stratigraphy, A:67-68

vs. depth, B:53, 57, 59, 61, 374-376
vs. iron, B:263
vs. water content, B:264
zonation, B:397
See also opal; quartz

silica, amorphous

hydrothermal mounds, B:368-369
petrology, B:9-11, 14
photograph, A:150, 180

silica, gray

deposits, A:145
photograph, A:148

silicification

basalts and clasts, B:257, 263-264
geochemistry, B:270-273
hydrothermal alteration, A:219
hydrothermal fields, A:10, 12
petrology, A:193, 194-199
photograph, A:218, 131; B:249-253

silicon

enrichment, geochemistry, B:377
phyllosilicates, B:242
vs. iron/(iron+magnesium) ratio, B:242

silver

element correlations, B:384
hydrothermal fields, A:9-10; B:370-373, 395
mineral separates, B:31, 33, 36, 39
sphalerite, B:13
sulfides
petrology, A:93-94, 97-98, 156, 158-160, 172, 189-191
sulfides and sediments, B:44
vs. depth, A:129, 160, 195; B:53, 57, 59, 61

Site 957, A:65-223

clay minerals, B:277-278
coring, A:32-33
fluid geochemistry, A:123-124, 126-127, 168-169, 173-174
geochemistry of shipboard samples, B:27-39
hydrothermal alteration, A:104-109, 113-114, 160-163, 193-199, 219-220; B:6-7, 256-257
hydrothermal fields, A:9
igneous geochemistry, A:163, 200
igneous petrology, A:163, 199-200
operations, A:55-62
paleomagnetism, A:120-123, 166-168, 201-202, 221-223
physical properties, A:114-120, 163-166, 172-173, 200-201, 220-221
site description, A:65-223
stratigraphy, A:67-68, 142-144, 177-178, 210-212; B:232-236
structural data, A:110-112
sulfide geochemistry, A:93-94 97-98, 155-156, 158, 172, 189-191, 216-219
sulfide petrology, A:68-93, 95-96, 98-114, 144-155, 157, 159-160, 171-172, 178-189, 191-193, 212-216, 219

smectite

geochemistry, B:280-281
petrology, B:240-241
photograph, A:162, 199
See also chlorite-smectite mixture

snails, buccinid, hydrothermal fields, A:9

Snakepit, geochemical comparison with Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, B:379-380

sodium

mantle, B:225
sulfides, B:37, 39
sulfides and sediments, B:45

sodium oxide

mineral separates, B:29, 94
sulfides and sediments, B:43
vs. aluminum oxide, B:263
vs. latitude, B:220
vs. magnesium oxide, B:224
vs. water content, B:264

soils, clasts, B:243-244

spectrometry, magnetism, B:345

sphalerite

composition, B:395
geochemistry, B:13
hydrothermal fields, A:7; B:9-13, 21, 194, 368-369, 394-395
lead isotopes, B:105-108
mineralization, A:144
photograph, A:74, 115, 123, 147, 149-151, 181, 189, 214; B:197-199
stratigraphy, A:142-144

spinel lherzolite, partial melting, B:220-225, 228-229

spreading centers, hydrothermal circulation, A:5-14

stable isotopes

anhydrite and sulfides, B:85-90
See also oxygen isotopes

standard reference materials, geochemistry, B:275

statistical analysis

geochemistry, B:376-381
See also correlation coefficients; element correlations; principal component analysis

stockwork zones

basement, B:255-276
comparison of Cyprus-type massive sulfides with Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, B:389-415
hydrothermal alteration, B:130-132, 232-254, 269-270, 285-295, 298-301
mineralization, A:178
petrology, A:163
stratigraphy, A:11-13, 68
structure, B:393
sulfides, A:103-104
sulfur isotopes, B:71-84

stockwork zones, subseafloor, development, B:406-407, 412

stratigraphy

hydrothermal fields, A:11-13; B:14-17
Site 957, A:67-68
TAG-2 area, A:142-144
TAG-4 area, A:177-178
TAG-5 area, A:210-212

strontium

anhydrite, B:121-124, 133-137, 139-140
basalts, B:218
element correlations, B:378-382
hydrothermal clays, B:218
mantle, B:225
metabasaltic clasts, B:218
mineral separates, B:30, 37, 39, 370-376

sulfides and sediments, B:43, 45

vs. depth, B:374-376
vs. strontium-87/strontium-86 ratio, B:304
vs. water content, B:265

strontium/calcium ratio

anhydrite, B:121-124, 133-137, 139
partition coefficients, B:136-137
vs. depth, B:125, 135
vs. strontium-87/strontium-86, B:136

strontium-87/strontium-86 ratio

vs. anhydrite partition coefficients, B:139
vs. depth, B:124, 135
vs. oxygen isotopes, B:138, 305
vs. strontium, B:304
vs. strontium/calcium ratio, B:136

strontium isotopes

anhydrite, B:121-124
anhydrite and sulfides, B:88-90
hydrothermal mounds, B:129-141, 297-309
vs. depth, B:303

subvariolitic textures

photograph, B:251-253
See also variolitic textures

sulfate reduction, geochemistry, B:20, 89

sulfates

fluid geochemistry, A:126, 140
hydrothermal circulation, B:138-139
porosity vs. seismic velocity, B:313-327
stable isotopes, B:85-90
sulfur isotopes, B:74-79
thermal properties, B:329-335

sulfide percentage, vs. compressional wave velocity, B:325

sulfides

age, B:111-117
composition, A:218
geochemistry, A:93-94, 97-98, 155-159, 172, 189-191, 216-219; B:19-20
heat flow, A:25-27; B:333-334
hydrothermal alteration, petrology, A:199
hydrothermal fields, A:7, 9-13, 19; B:9-11, 14-17
index properties, A:115-120
lead isotopes, B:101-109
mineralogy, A:72
petrology, A:68-93, 95-96, 98-114, 144-155, 157, 159-160, 171-172, 178-189, 191-193, 212-216, 219
photograph, A:117
porosity vs. seismic velocity, B:317-326
stable isotopes, B:85-90
sulfur isotopes, B:17-21, 74-79
textures, B:193-210
thermal properties, B:329-335
See also bornite; chalcopyrite; copper-iron sulfides; covellite; digenite; marcasite; mineralization; pyrite; pyrrhotite; sphalerite; zinc sulfides

sulfides, massive

comparison between Cyprus-type and Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse deposits, A:145-146, 148-149, 151
geochemical section, B:366-367, 379-385
geochemistry, B:41-46
hydrothermal fields, A:12; B:9, 11
osmium and rhenium, B:95-100
photograph, B:84
stratigraphy, A:142-144
tomography, B:206-207
See also massive deposits; pyrite, massive

sulfides, porous, geochemical section, B:366-367

sulfides, seafloor, comparison of sulfur isotopes, B:77-79

sulfur

element correlations, B:378-381
mineral separates, B:29, 94, 370-376
sources in sulfides, B:86-87
sphalerite, B:13
sulfides, A:93-94, 97-98, 158-159, 172
sulfides and sediments, B:43
vs. depth, A:129, 160, 195; B:53, 57, 59, 61, 374-376
See also copper-iron-sulfur system

sulfur isotopes

anhydrite and sulfides, B:85-90
histograms in sulfides and sulfates, B:75
hydrothermal mounds, B:71-84, 404, 406
models, B:79-82
spatial distributions, B:76-77
sulfides, B:17-21, 47-70
vs. depth, B:69, 86
vs. oxygen isotopes, B:87
vs. textures, B:76, 81

TAG-1 area

altered basalt clasts, B:264-265
fluid geochemistry, A:123-124, 126-127
geochemical section, B:365-374
hydrothermal fields, A:9
major and trace elements, B:51-56
paleomagnetism, A:120-123
physical properties, A:114-120
rare earths in anhydrite, B:145-150, 153, 157-158
site description, A:65-140
stratigraphy, A:67-68
sulfide geochemistry, A:93-94, 97-98
sulfide petrology, A:68-93, 95-96, 98-114
sulfur isotopes, B:76

TAG-2 area

altered basalt clasts, B:265
fluid geochemistry, A:168-169
geochemical section, B:366, 370-375
hydrothermal alteration, A:160-163
hydrothermal fields, A:9-10
igneous petrology and geochemistry, A:163
major and trace elements, B:52, 57-59
paleomagnetism, A:166-168
physical properties, A:163-166
rare earths in anhydrite, B:145-150, 153-154, 158
site description, A:141-169
stratigraphy, A:142-144
sulfide geochemistry, A:155-159
sulfide petrology, A:144-155, 157, 159-160
sulfur isotopes, B:76-77

TAG-3 area

fluid geochemistry, A:173-174
geochemical section, B:366
hydrothermal fields, A:10
physical properties, A:172-173
site description, A:171-174
sulfide geochemistry, A:172
sulfide petrology, A:171-172

TAG-4 area

altered basalt clasts, B:265-266
geochemical section, B:366, 370-376
hydrothermal alteration, A:193-199
hydrothermal fields, A:10
igneous petrology and geochemistry, A:199-200
major and trace elements, B:52, 59-60
paleomagnetism, A:201-203
physical properties, A:200-201
site description, A:175-207
stratigraphy, A:177-178
sulfide geochemistry, A:189-191
sulfide petrology, A:178-189, 191-193
sulfur isotopes, B:77

TAG-5 area

geochemical section, B:366, 370-374, 376
hydrothermal alteration, A:219-220
hydrothermal fields, A:10
major and trace elements, B:52, 61-62
paleomagnetism, A:221-223
physical properties, A:220-221
rare earths in anhydrite, B:145-150, 154
site description, A:209-223
stratigraphy, A:210-212
sulfide geochemistry, A:216-219
sulfide petrology, A:212-216, 219
sulfur isotopes, B:77

talc, hydrothermal alteration, B:241

tantalum, mineral separates, B:32

tectonic dips, lava extrusion, B:348

tectonics

hydrothermal mounds, A:15-21
Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, A:6-8

temperature

anhydrite precipitation, B:122-123
fluid inclusions, B:163-190
mineralization, B:307-308
sulfides, B:116
vs. depth, A:28; B:185, 291
vs. salinity, B:185
vs. time, A:28
See also fluid inclusions; microthermometry

temperature, homogenization, vs. depth, B:172, 184

temperature, precipitation, vs. partition coefficients for anhydrite, B:139-140

temperature, trapping

black smokers, B:395
vs. depth, B:171-172, 185
See also fluid inclusions; microthermometry

terraces, neovolcanic zones, A:18-21

textures

sulfides, B:193-210
X-ray computed tomography, B:201-210
See also cauliflower textures; colloform textures; holohyaline textures; subvariolitic textures; variolitic textures

thallium

mineral separates, B:31
vs. depth, B:54, 58, 60, 62

thermal conductivity

breccia, A:117, 137, 164-167, 221; B:208-209
massive sulfides, tomography, B:205, 208-209
precipitates, B:329-334
vs. depth, A:138
vs. physical properties, B:332
vs. porosity, B:333
See also conduction; convection; heat flow

thermal properties, precipitates, B:329-335

thin sections, sulfides, B:203-204

thorium

mineral separates, B:32
sulfides and sediments, B:44

thorium-230/uranium-234, sulfides, B:111-117

thorium-232, sulfides, B:112

time scales

hydrothermal mounds, B:124
See also geochronology

tin

mineral separates, B:33, 370-373
sulfides and sediments, B:45

titanium

hydrothermal mounds, B:370-380
mantle, B:225
sulfides and sediments, B:43, 45

titanium oxide

mineral separates, B:28-29, 94
sulfides and sediments, B:43
vs. aluminum oxide, B:263

titanomagnetite, petrology, A:200

tomography, textures, B:201-210

tonnage

ores, B:397-398, 410
See also grade

trace elements

anhydrite, B:121-124, 143-159
basalts, B:215-216, 219-220, 222-223, 225
basalts and clasts, B:260
clay minerals, B:280-284
element correlations, B:65
hydrothermal alteration, B:27-39, 49-63
sulfides, B:21-22, 46-70, 396

Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse

age of sulfides, B:111-117
basalts, B:213-229
biosphere, B:355-360
clay minerals, B:277-284
comparison with Cyprus-type massive sulfides, B:389-415
fluid inclusions, B:163-190
fluid mixing, B:119-127
geochemical section, B:363-387
geochemistry, B:41-70, 255-276
geology, A:6-8
heat flow, A:23-29
hydrothermal mounds, A:15-21; B:231-254
hydrothermal systems, A:5-14
lead isotopes, B:101-109
magnetic properties of cores, B:337-351
osmium isotopes, B:91-100
oxygen isotopes, B:285-295
petrology, B:5-26
rare earths, B:143-159
seismic velocity-porosity relationship, B:313-327
stable isotopes, B:85-90
strontium and oxygen isotopes, B:129-141, 297-309
sulfides, B:193-210
sulfur isotopes, B:71-84
tectonics, A:6-8
thermal properties comparison with middle valley of Juan de Fuca Ridge, B:329-335
thermal properties of precipitates, B:329-335
See also Black Smoker Complex; black smokers; Kremlin white smoker field; TAG-1 area; TAG-2 area; TAG-3 area; TAG-4 area; TAG-5 area

Troodos Massif, comparison of massive sulfides with Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse, B:390, 398-404

tungsten, mineral separates, B:33

mineralization, B:314-315
See also seismic velocity

upflow, hydrothermal, localization, A:19-20

uranium

mineral separates, B:32-33, 37, 39
sulfides and sediments, B:44
See also radium-226/uranium-234; thorium-230/uranium-234

uranium-238, sulfides, B:112

mineral separates, B:30
sulfides and sediments, B:45
vs. water content, B:265

variolites, photograph, B:247

variolitic textures

photograph, A:200-201
See also subvariolitic textures
veinlets, photograph, A:181

veins

hydrothermal alteration, A:196-199, 108-109, 161
petrology, B:11-12, 14-17
photograph, A:148, 157-158, 161, 181, 185, 197, 217-218; B:247-251
quartz, A:144
rare earths in anhydrite, B:155-159
sulfides, A:211
sulfur isotopes, B:19-21, 76
textures, B:195
thermal conductivity, B:332
variations with depth, A:81-83, 89
See also breccia; clasts

veins, anhydrite

petrology, A:68, 81-83, 211; B:22, 392
photograph, A:75-76, 86, 91, 98-109, 120; B:84, 147-149

veins, chlorite, photograph, A:118

veins, crustiform-banded, photograph, A:98-103

veins, pyrite-anhydrite, photograph, A:93

veins, pyrite-quartz

lithology, A:178
photograph, A:118-120, 122, 130

velocity

vs. absorption, B:348
See also compressional wave velocity; seismic
velocity; shear wave velocity

vents, hydrothermal fields, A:8

vesicles, photograph, A:116, 200

volcanic domes, hydrothermal fields, A:7

vugs

hydrothermal alteration, A:108
photograph, A:92, 100, 121, 158, 192

hydrothermal fields, A:9-10, 12
stratigraphy, A:67-68

water content

vs. major oxides, B:264
vs. trace elements, B:265

weathering, gossan, B:409-410

white smokers

geochemical section, B:366
hydrothermal fields, A:8-10; B:307
lead isotopes, B:104-109
major and trace elements, B:52, 57-59
rare earths in anhydrite, B:152, 158
sulfur isotopes, B:76-77
See also black smokers; Kremlin white smoker field

X-ray diffraction data, hydrothermal alteration, A:133-134

X-ray fluorescence data

basalts, A:204
mud, A:163-164

yttrium, vs. zirconium, B:263

basalts, B:215, 217
clay minerals, B:280, 283
distribution in massive sulfides, B:405
element correlations, B:65, 382-384
enrichment, geochemistry, B:377
hydrothermal clays, B:217
hydrothermal fields, A:9-13; B:367, 370-379, 395, 397
metabasaltic clasts, B:217
mineral separates, B:30, 33, 36-37, 39, 94
pyrite, B:12
sphalerite, B:13
sulfides, A:93-94, 97-98, 156, 158-160, 189-191
sulfides and sediments, B:44
vs. copper, B:398
vs. depth, A:129, 160, 195; B:53, 57, 59, 61, 374-376
vs. water content, B:265

zonation, B:397

zinc/copper ratio

sulfides, A:97-98, 158
vs. depth, A:129

zinc/iron ratio

sulfides, A:97-98, 158
vs. depth, A:129

zinc sulfides, hydrothermal fields, A:8

zirconium

basalts, B:218
hydrothermal clays, B:218
mantle, B:225
metabasaltic clasts, B:218
mineral separates, B:32
sulfides and sediments, B:43
vs. yttrium, B:263

zonation, hydrothermal alteration, B:11, 395, 397, 412

Zone 1, neovolcanic zones, A:16-18

Zone 2, neovolcanic zones, A:16-18

Zone 3, neovolcanic zones, A:16-18

Zone 4, neovolcanic zones, A:16-18