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sedimentary instability, B:95
thermal history, B:97–99

accretionary centers, transform faults, B:47

accumulation rates

datum levels, A:97
grain size, B:594
marine organic carbon, B:570
terrigenous organic carbon, B:570–571
vs. age, B:569, 588
See also sedimentation rates

accumulation rates, mean, Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:562–563

acetic acid. See furfural + acetic acid/pyrrol ratio

acoustic impedance, vs. traveltime, B:229, 236, 240

acoustic units

transform faults, A:9–10
See also velocity

acritarchs, depth and recovery, B:283

Africa

accumulation rates, B:600
geodynamics, B:46–47
paleopoles, B:203

Africa W

continental margin, A:5–16
monsoons, B:554

Afropollis. See Pre-Albian West Early Cretaceous Dicheiropollis etruscus/Afropollis Province

age

deformation, B:35–41
sediments, B:181–186
thermal history, B:43–48
transform faults, A:10–11
See also geochronology

age models, Miocene–Pliocene, B:540–541

age vs. depth

Site 959, A:97; B:537, 560, 587
Site 960, A:185
Site 962, A:277

agglutinated foraminifers. See foraminifers, deep-water agglutinated

Albian

biostratigraphy, B:489
calcareous nannofossils, B:325–326
clastic wedges, B:19
deformation, B:35–41
lithologic units, A:82–83, 282
marginal ridges, B:76–78
paleomagnetism, B:204
paleotemperature, B:64
periplatform deposits, B:102–103
planktonic foraminifers, B:336–338
rifting, B:115–116
sedimentary instability, B:95
soft sediment deformation, B:17
spreading centers, B:65–66
thermal events, B:46, 105, 108
transform faults, A:10–11
See also Pre-Albian West Early Cretaceous Dicheiropollis etruscus/Afropollis Province

Albian, upper, sediments, B:125–131

Albian–Cenomanian Elaterates Province, microfloral provinces, B:254, 261–262

alkalinity

organic matter, A:194
pore water, A:243, 284
vs. depth, A:110, 194, 285

allochems, photomicrograph, A:171

aluminum, chlorite-mica stacks, thermal history, B:97

aluminum logs, evaluation, B:174

aluminum number, chromian spinel, B:134, 136

aluminum oxide, green grains, B:593–594

ammonium

organic matter, A:194
pore water, A:243, 284
vs. depth, A:110, 194, 244, 285

amorphous organic matter, Site 959, B:318

anchimetamorphism, thermal history, B:97–98

Angola Basin, planktonic foraminifers, B:337–338

anisotropy

sediments, A:199, 249, 288; bp:CD-ROM
vs. depth, A:115, 199, 249, 289
See also magnetic anisotropy

ankerite, sediments, A:244

anoxic environment 3, 2

passive margins, A:234
sulfur isotopes, B:127, 129–131
See also Oceanic Anoxic Event; pre-Oceanic Anoxic Event; pre-Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d

Antarctic Bottom Water, sediments, B:587–588

Antarctic Intermediate Water, sediments, B:587–588

ball-and-pillow structures, photograph, A:174

barite

lithologic units, A:166
mineralization, B:17
photograph, A:81–82, 229
scanning electron micrograph, B:155–156
veins, B:4–5
X-ray diffraction data, B:146

barite nodules

lithologic units, A:166
palygorskite, B:149
photograph, A:168; B:69
scanning electron micrograph, B:154
X-ray diffractograms, A:169

barite veins

deformation, B:14
sediments, A:100–101
sketch, A:101

basalts. See intraplate basalts

basement, metamorphic rocks, B:94, 120

basins

extension tectonics, B:96
marginal ridges, B:41
paleoenvironment, A:175–176
palygorskite, B:148–149
See also sedimentary basins

basins, syntransform, transform faults, A:299–305

bathymetry

transform faults, A:47–48, 61
See also paleobathymetry

bedding

deformation, A:309
dip, A:98, 121–122, 279; B:8
ooze and chalk, A:97–98
porcellanite, A:238–239
structure, A:185–186, 238–239, 278
See also cross bedding; cross laminations; graded bedding

bedding, lenticular, photograph, A:268

bedding azimuth, vs. depth, B:85, 87, 89

bedding dips

clastic wedges, B:19
Lower Cretaceous, B:16–17
magnetic fabric, B:196
sediments, B:16
vs. age, B:9
vs. depth, B:9, 85, 87, 89

bedding planes, Formation MicroScanner imaging, B:88

Benguela Current, transform faults, A:14

Benue Trough

Cretaceous, B:93–99
extension tectonics, B:96–97
stratigraphy, B:95

benzene/luene ratio

biomarkers, B:599
vs. depth, B:599

berthierine, X-ray diffraction data, A:77

bioclasts

lithologic units, A:168–170
photomicrograph, A:171

biofacies

benthic foraminifers, B:402
See also lithofacies; palynofacies

biogenic materials, lithologic units, A:231

biogeography. See paleobiogeography

biomarkers, organic matter, B:595–599

biosiliceous deposition, lithologic units, A:233–234, 267–270

biosiliceous event, Oligocene–early Miocene, A:312

biostratigraphic datums

accumulation rates, A:278
vs. depth, A:185

biostratigraphy

benthic foraminifers, B:347–359, 375–411, 433–444,
605–60
calcareous nannofossils, B:320–329, 413–431, 509–523
correlation, A:87–88
Cretaceous–Paleocene, B:253–318
Mesozoic, B:481–490
ostracodes, B:525–531
planktonic foraminifers, B:335–345
Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:533–538
radiolarians, B:363–373
silicoflagellates, B:493–508
Site 959, A:87–93
Site 960, A:177–182
Site 961, A:234–238
Site 962, A:270–274
transform faults, A:14, 311–313

bioturbation

lithologic units, A:227
photograph, A:77, 79, 81, 232
See also burrows; Chondrites; Ophiomorpha; Planolites; Thalassinoides; Zoophycos

biozones, remanent magnetization, A:274–275

black–brown fragment, Site 959, B:318

black debris, Site 959, B:318

black shale

structure, B:14
transform faults, A:12

blebs, photograph, B:69

block structures, tectonics, B:19–20

borehole breakouts, stress, B:212–213, 215

borehole deviation, vs. depth, A:118, 203, 292

borehole elongation, vs. depth, A:121

Brazil Current, ocean circulation, B:549–551

breccia

hydrothermal alteration, B:98
lithologic units, A:266
photograph, A:170, 173, 189, 265, 304
See also chert breccia; tectonic breccia

breccia, calcite-cemented, photograph, A:281

brecciation

Cretaceous, B:14, 16
photograph, A:230, 233
sandstone, A:188
unconformities, B:5
veins, A:280–281

Brunhes Chron, sediments, B:600

burial depths, thermal diagenesis, B:62–66

burrow fills, photograph, B:67

burrows

bedding, A:186
Coniacian–Eocene, B:117–119
lithologic units, A:75–77, 163–166, 228
lithology, B:587–588
photograph, A:79, 81–82, 99, 164–165; B:589
sediments, A:306
See also bioturbation; Chondrites

calcite

photograph, A:83, 233, 269, 304; B:31
precipitation, B:155
vein fills, B:4
veins, A:303
X-ray diffractograms, A:168, 177

calcite cement

lithologic units, A:231
photograph, A:231
photomicrograph, A:171

calcite veins

claystone, A:240; B:6–7
deformation, B:5–6, 106
faults, A:279
geochemistry, B:71–79
Lower Cretaceous, B:17
mineralogy, A:186
photograph, A:266, 280
sediments, B:16
structure, A:280–281

calcium

pore water, A:110, 194–195, 244, 285
vs. depth, A:110, 194, 245, 285, 311

caliper logs, vs. depth, A:118, 121, 202–203, 206, 290; B:211, 214–216, 245

Campanian

biostratigraphy, B:279
foraminifers, B:391–392
subsidence, B:106
transform faults, A:12
See also Lower Campanian Event

carbon, sediments, A:104–105, 242, 282

carbon, marine organic

accumulation, B:570
vs. age, B:569
carbon, organic
Neogene, A:310
Pliocene–Pleistocene variations, B:557–574
Rock-Eval pyrolysis, A:107
sediments, A:102–108, 189–190, 242–244, 269–270, 281–283, 306
vs. age, B:564
vs. depth, A:106, 192, 242, 282; B:564, 590–591

carbon, terrigenous organic, accumulation, B:570–571

carbon, total organic

Rock-Eval pyrolysis, A:193
vs. age, B:568

carbon/nitrogen ratio

organic matter, A:103, 105–106, 190–192, 243
Pliocene–Pleistocene variations, B:564–568
sediments, A:104–105, 282–284, 310
vs. age, B:568
vs. depth, A:106, 192, 242, 282
carbon dioxide. See water–methane–carbon dioxide

carbon isotopes

calcite veins, B:73–79
foraminifers, B:549
vs. age, B:548–549, 568
vs. age for Cibicides wuellerstorfi, B:549
vs. age for Globigerinoides sacculifer, B:550
vs. age for Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, B:550
vs. depth, B:540
vs. oxygen isotopes, B:74–77

carbonate compensation depth

biostratigraphy, B:489
Cenomanian, B:105
foraminifers, B:391–393
lithologic units, A:267, 282
Pliocene, A:313

carbonate content

Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:563–564
sediments, A:102–103, 189–190, 242–243, 281–282; B:589–592
vs. depth, A:106, 192, 242, 282; B:249, 564, 590–591

carbonate crisis, middle Miocene, A:312–313

carbonate rhombs, Neogene, A:308

carbonates

cyclic processes, B:569–570
diagenesis, A:110–111, 194–195
environment, B:77
Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:557–574
sediments, A:242–243
transform faults, A:305–306
See also aragonite; calcite; dolomite; siderite

cementation, temperature, B:74–76

cements

isotopes, B:73–76
See also calcite cement

Cenomanian

biostratigraphy, B:489
calcareous nannofossils, B:325–326
carbonate compensation depth, B:105
deformation, B:18
paleotemperature, B:64
periplatform deposits, B:102–103
spreading centers, B:65–66
thermal events, B:105
transform faults, A:12
See also Albian–Cenomanian Elaterates Province; Early Cretaceous– Cenomanian Trisaccates Province

Cenomanian/Turonian boundary, thermal events, B:105

Cenomanian/Turonian Boundary Event

benthic foraminifers, B:375–376
paleoenvironment, B:488

Cenozoic

passive margins, B:20
planktonic foraminifers, B:445–479
transform faults, A:10–11
See also Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary; Neogene; Paleogene; Pleistocene; Quaternary

Cenozoic, upper, calcareous nannofossils, B:509–523

Cerebropollenites. See Early Cretaceous Cerebropollenites Province

chalcedony

vein fills, B:4
veins, A:101

chalk

deformation, B:5–6
lithologic units, A:163–166
Paleocene, A:307
photograph, A:77
See also limestone

chalk, micrite, lithologic units, A:166–168

chalk, micrite–nannofossil, lithologic units, A:227

chalk, nannofossil, lithologic units, A:77–78, 80

chalk, nannofossil–foraminifer, lithologic units, A:75–77

chalk, radiolarian nannofossil/micrite, lithologic units, A:164–166

chaotic sediments, photograph, A:167

chert

lithologic units, A:78, 164–166, 227, 264–266
microfolds, A:280
paleoenvironment, A:176; B:105
photograph, A:228, 265
unconformities, B:16–17

chert breccia, veined, photograph, A:266

chloride, pore water, A:109, 193, 243, 284

chlorite

diagenesis, A:303, 305
lithologic units, A:233
recrystallization, B:97
thermal diagenesis, B:57–63
thermal history, B:97–98

Chondrites

bedding, A:186

Coniacian, A:306

lithologic units, A:77–78, 80, 98, 164–166, 228
Neogene, A:308
photograph, A:79, 99, 164–165

chromium number

chromian spinel, B:134, 136
vs. magnesium number, B:137
vs. titanium oxide, B:137

Chron 3A, magnetostratigraphy, A:276

Chron C2An.3n, sediments, A:94

Chron C2r, sediments, A:94

clastic dikes, photograph, A:172; B:68

clastic wedges, transform margins, B:19

clastics

environment, B:77
See also siliciclastics

clasts

photograph, A:173, 233
See also barite nodules; bioclasts; lithic clasts; mudstone intraclasts; quartz clasts; sandstone clasts; siltstone clasts

clasts, rip-up, photograph, A:84–85

clathrates

melting, B:51
See also gas hydrates

clay

diagenesis, A:303, 305
lithologic units, A:77–78, 80, 264–266
Neogene, A:308–309
paleomagnetism, B:201, 203
sediments, B:590
thermal diagenesis, B:57–65
thermal maturation, B:105
X-ray diffractograms, A:170, 177

clay, goethitic, photograph, A:264

clay, palygorskite, lower Eocene, B:141–156

clay, pyritic, lithologic units, A:261–264

clay, silty, lithologic units, A:261–264

clay content, vs. depth, B:231

clay minerals

lithologic units, A:229–231
sediments, B:592–593
temperature, B:39
vs. depth, B:592
X-ray diffraction data, A:77
See also gibbsite; illite; kaolinite; kaolinite/illite ratio; mixed-layer minerals; montmorillonite; palygorskite; quartz/kaolinite ratio; sepiolite; smectite

claystone

Coniacian–Eocene, B:117–119
décollement structures, B:28
deformation, B:6–7
deposition, A:308
Eocene, B:421
lithologic units, A:78, 164–166, 170–174, 261–264, 266–267
osmium isotopes, B:185–186
Paleocene, B:118
palygorskite, B:10
photograph, A:60; B:69
pyrite, B:5
rifting, B:115–116
thermal diagenesis, B:57–58
thermal history, B:97–98
X-ray diffractograms, A:168, 264–265

claystone, black

bedding, 186
deposition, B:73
lithologic units, A:80–81
paleomagnetism, B:203
photograph, A:81, 85, 102; B:67

claystone, carbonate

Albian, B:16–17
photograph, A:99

claystone, glauconite

lithologic units, A:166–168
photograph, A:167
structure, B:16

claystone, micritic, photograph, A:268

claystone, nannofossil

lithologic units, A:227
photograph, A:167
sediments, A:306

claystone, palygorskite

lithologic units, A:166, 264–266
photograph, A:168, 229

claystone, radiolarian, lithologic units, A:264–266

claystone, sideritic, lithologic units, A:170–173

claystone, silty

Albian, B:117
lithologic units, A:82–83, 228–231
paleomagnetism, B:204
photograph, A:173–174

claystone, zeolite

lithologic units, A:227
X-ray diffractograms, A:228

cleavage

clays, B:6
décollement structures, B:28
Lower Cretaceous, B:18
photograph, B:33
recrystallization, B:97

clinoptilolite

paleoenvironment, A:176
vs. depth, B:590
X-ray diffraction, A:177, 228

cluster analysis

original log curves, B:162–164
principal component scores, B:164–165

cluster analysis, hierarchical, geochemical logs, B:177–178

cluster analysis, nonhierarchical, well logging, B:161–165

coarse fraction, sediments, B:591–592

coercivity, sediments, A:94–95

color banding

lithologic units, A:75–77, 227
photograph, A:77

compression

continent/ocean margin, B:102
décollement structures, B:29

compressional structures, bedding-parallel, folds, A:279

compressional wave velocity

comparison between continuous and discrete measurements, A:200
sediments, A:197, 199, 246, 249, 287–288; bp:CD-ROM
vs. depth, A:119; B:211
See also acoustic units; velocity

concretions. See clasts; siderite concretions

conglomerate

Albian, A:103; B:14
photograph, A:83
structure, B:14, 16

Coniacian

benthic foraminifers, B:379
biostratigraphy, B:278–279, 489
clays, B:63
foraminifers, B:393
lithologic units, A:80–81, 166–170
marginal ridges, B:76–78
paleomagnetism, B:203–204
paleotopography, B:106
periplatform deposits, B:102–103
planktonic foraminifers, B:335, 338

continent/ocean margin, geodynamics, B:101–110

continent/ocean transforms

Cenomanian–Coniacian, B:116–117
Stage 2, B:105–106, 292

continental margin

geodynamics, B:46–47
geology, A:5–16, 297–313
tectonics, B:3–11
See also margin subsidence; marginal ridges; passive margins; transform margins

contourite, photograph, B:21

convolute bedding

claystone, A:188
photograph, A:102
rheology, B:17
sandstone, A:101
sediments, A:240–241; B:16

cooling, thermal events, B:105

core-log comparison, physical properties, B:241–249

core orientation

magnetism, A:94
sediments, A:275–276

cores, Tensor tool orientations, A:94

correlation

biostratigraphy, A:87–88, 181
See also linear correlation

Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana continental margin

benthic foraminifers, B:375–388
calcareous nannofossils, B:413–431, 509–523
chromian spinels, B:133–139
Cretaceous, B:93–99
décollement structures, B:25–33
geodynamics, B:101–110
geology, A:5–16, 47–62, 297–313
in situ stress, B:209–223
lithofacies, B:113–123
magnetic fabric, B:189–197
paleomagnetism, B:199–207
palygorskite, B:141–156
palynology, B:253–276
physical properties, B:225–240
planktonic foraminifers, B:445–479
structure, B:3–11, 13–23
thermal diagenesis, B:53–70
thermal history, B:39–41, 43–48
uplift and exposure, B:71–79
upper Albian, B:125–131
well logging, B:157–179
See also Deep Ivorian Basin

Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana marginal ridge

planktonic foraminifers, B:457–462
post-tectonic subsidence, B:81–91
structural data, B:18
tectonics, B:3–11
transform faults, A:6–8, 298–299, 306–307

Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana Slope, planktonic foraminifers, B:457, 462–464

Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana Trough, planktonic foraminifers, B:462, 464–465

crenulation

photograph, A:240
structure, A:239–240

Cretaceous

biostratigraphy, B:481–490
calcareous nannofossils, B:319–329
continent/ocean margin, B:101–110
passive margins, B:20
planktonic foraminifers, B:335–345
structure, B:93–99
thermal diagenesis, B:53–70
transform faults, A:10–11, 298
See also Albian; Aptian; Campanian; Cenomanian; Cenomanian/Turonian boundary; Cenomanian/Turonian Boundary Event; Coniacian; Early Cretaceous Cerebropollenites Province; Early Cretaceous– Cenomanian Trisaccates Province; Maastrichtian; Santonian; Senonian; Senonian Palmae Province; Turonian

Cretaceous, Lower

benthic foraminifers, B:347–359
deformation, B:17
fission-track data, B:39–41, 43–48
See also Pre-Albian West Early Cretaceous Dicheiropollis etruscus/Afropollis Province

Cretaceous, Middle

radiolarians, equatorial, B:363–373
transform faults, A:14

Cretaceous, Upper, benthic foraminifers, B:375–411

Cretaceous–Paleocene, palynology, B:253–318

Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary

agglutinated foraminifers, B:389–411
benthic foraminifers, B:403
calcareous nannofossils, B:320
paleoceanography, B:395–396
paleoenvironment, B:488

cross bedding

photograph, A:269
sandstone, A:101

cross laminations

claystone, A:188
photograph, A:269
sediments, B:16
structure, A:281

cross sections, tectonics, B:19

cross stratification, photograph, A:79, 85–86

crust

continental and oceanic linkage, B:10
thermal events, B:47
thickness, B:220–221
transform faults, A:52

crystallization, fluid inclusions, B:50–51

currents

ocean circulation, B:549–551
See also Benguela Current; Brazil Current; Equatorial Undercurrent; Guinea Current; Intertropical Convergence Zone; North Equatorial Current; ocean circulation; South Equatorial Current

cuticle, Site 959, B:318

cyclic processes

magnetic susceptibility, A:93
Quaternary, B:589–591
sands and carbonates, B:569–570
tectonics, B:120–121

cyclopentonone, biomarkers, B:599

cynnamyls/vanillyls ratio, biomarkers, B:597

dark layers, photograph, B:589

datum levels, accumulation rates, A:97

décollement structures

deformation, B:25–33
interpretation, B:27

Deep Ivorian Basin

calcareous nannofossils, B:319–329
clastic wedges, B:19

deposition, A:270

extension tectonics, B:96
paleoenvironment, B:105
planktonic foraminifers, B:449–457
silicoflagellates, B:493–508
transform faults, A:6–8, 297–299, 306–307

deep water

transform faults, A:14
See also North Atlantic Deep Water
deformation
columns, A:302
décollement structures, B:25–33
deposition, B:73
distribution, B:18
lithologic units, A:188, 231
mechanism, B:28–29
reefs, B:77
sediments, B:4–5
stages, B:104–105
structure, B:5–7, 35–41
transform faults, A:13, 298–309; B:13–23
See also crenulation; décollement structures; en echelon folds; faults; fissures; folds; fractures; friction; lineation; microstructures; mineral lineation; pop-up structures; rheology; sand pipes; scoured contacts; sediment loading; sedimentary structures; soft sediment deformation; structure; tension gashes; water-escape structures

deformation, synlithification, sediments, A:241

deformation, syntransform, thermal history, B:41

degradation, A:109, 193–194, 284, 311

deltaic environment

cyclic processes, B:120–122
rifting, B:115–116

demagnetization, sediments, B:201

density

boreholes, B:241–242
crust, B:220–221
multisensor track, A:112–113, 196, 245–246, 286
sediments, B:232–233
vs. depth, A:118

density, bulk

comparison between continuous and discrete measurements, A:199–200
sediments, B:561–562
vs. depth, A:112, 114, 117, 119, 198, 200, 248, 286, 288; B:211, 234, 235, 239, 536
vs. traveltime, B:229, 236, 240

density, bulk, Boyce-corrected, vs. depth, A:196, 286

density, dry, vs. depth, A:114, 198, 248, 288

density, grain, vs. depth, A:114

density, solids-grain, vs. depth, A:198, 248, 288

density-flow deposits, photograph, A:79

density logs

vs. depth, A:202; B:231, 235, 239, 244
vs. velocity logs, B:246, 248
See also gamma ray–density–porosity logs

deposition

environment, B:72–73
Eocene, B:421
Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:557–574
transform faults, A:299–309
See also hemipelagic deposition; marine deposition; paleoenvironment; precipitation; sedimentation; synrift

deposition

detrinite, vs. age, B:568
detrital sedimentation, palygorskite, B:148–149

diagenesis

calcite veins, B:73–76
carbonates, A:110–111, 194–195, 243
clays, A:303, 305
palygorskite, B:149
recrystallization, B:97–98
sediments, B:599
temperature, B:74–76
See also authigenesis; cementation; glauconitization; lithification; metamorphism; neoformation; pyritization; recrystallization

diagenesis, thermal

Cretaceous, B:53–70
photograph, B:68–70

diapirs, paleotemperature, B:64

diatomite

faults, B:4–5
lithologic units, A:77–78, 80
photograph, A:79

diatomite, laminated, osmium isotopes, B:184–185

diatoms

lithologic units, A:264–266
Neogene, A:308

Dicheiropollis etruscus. See Pre-Albian West Early Cretaceous Dicheiropollis etruscus/Afropollis Province

dinoflagellate cyst, Site 959, B:318

dinoflagellates

Cretaceous–Paleocene, B:253–276
depth and recovery, B:283
range chart, B:282

dip

bedding, A:98, 278–279, 309; B:8
microfolds, A:280
photograph, B:21
sediments, B:83
vs. depth, A:121–122, 185, 207, 239, 278
See also bedding; fault dip

dip ranges, faults, B:8

discoasters

diversity, B:580
vs. depth, B:582
See also nannofossils

dissolution

artifacts, B:549
carbonates, A:103, 243; B:547
fractures, B:76
lithologic units, A:163
photomicrograph, A:171

dissolution rates, middle Eocene, B:435–436

dolomite

lithologic units, A:163
Neogene, A:308
photograph, A:83
scanning electron micrograph, B:156
sediments, A:244

dolomite, sandy, lithologic units, A:81–82

downhole measurements

Site 959, A:116–123
Site 960, A:200–204
Site 962, A:290–291; B:212
See also core-log comparison; well logging

duricrusts, paleoenvironment, A:175–176

dynamic intensity, vs. depth, B:596

dysaerobic regime, Coniacian–Eocene, B:118

Early Cretaceous–Cenomanian Trisaccates Province, microfloral provinces, B:254

earthquakes, strike-slip faults, B:220–221

Eastern Atlantic Basin, transform faults, A:14

eigenvalues, well logging, B:163

El Niño/Southern Oscillation, ocean circulation, B:550

Elaterates. See Albian–Cenomanian Elaterates Province

elemental yields, normalization, B:174–175

en echelon folds

clastic wedges, B:19
transform faults, A:52

Eocene

calcareous nannofossils, B:421
diatomites, B:184–185
lithologic units, A:166, 227–228
palygorskite, B:10
sedimentation rates, A:95
slope instability, B:106

Eocene, lower, palygorskite, B:141–156

Eocene, middle, benthic foraminifers, B:433–444

eolian processes

terrigenous organic carbon, B:570–571
See also wind transport

epithermal neutron porosity, vs. depth, B:245

Equatorial Atlantic Gateway

opening, B:364, 366
See also gateways

Equatorial Divergence Zone, terrigenous organic carbon, B:571

Equatorial Undercurrent, ocean circulation, B:550

erosion

paleoenvironment, A:175–176
thermal history, B:41
uplifts, B:71–79

erosional surfaces, paleoenvironment, B:105

ethane

headspace gases, A:192, 284
sediments, A:108
source rocks, A:243

eustacy

cycles, B:120–121
See also glacio-eustacy; sea-level changes

extension

basins, B:96
décollement structures, B:28
normal faults, B:17

facies

transform faults, A:298–309
See also biofacies; lithofacies

fault azimuth, vs. depth, B:86, 89

fault dip, vs. depth, B:86

fault planes

décollement structures, B:25–26
lithologic units, A:231
sediments, A:98–100

fault strike, rotation axes, B:89–90

faults

deformation, B:9–10
dip ranges, B:8, 83–87
friction, B:46
offsets, B:4–5
photograph, A:81, 187, 207, 240–241, 280; B:6
relative proportion of different types, B:8
sandstone, A:101
structure, A:186–187, 239–240, 278–279
unconformities, B:17
See also block structures; grabens; horsts; microfaults; normal faults; oblique-slip faults; reverse faults; slickensides; strike-slip faults; transcurrent faults; transform faults

faults, anastomosing, photograph, A:99

faults, listric, photograph, B:31

faults, synsedimentary

laminated siltstone, A:242
rheology, B:17
sediments, A:241; B:16

feldspar

lithologic units, A:168–170
photomicrograph, A:171
See also plagioclase; potassium feldspar

fibers, scanning electron micrograph, B:153, 156

fish debris, lithologic units, A:166–168

fission-track data

apatite, B:35–41, 105
thermal history, B:39–41, 43–48

fissures

sandstone, A:188
sediments, B:16

floatstone

lithologic units, A:168
photomicrograph, A:171

floral provinces, Cretaceous–Paleocene, B:254–258, 261–262

Florisphaera profunda, vs. depth, B:582

flow, lateral, salt brines, B:149

fluid circulation, heat sources, B:51–52

fluid inclusions, paleofluids, B:49–52

folds

black claystone, B:5
compressional structures, A:279
décollement structures, B:26–28
deformation, B:9–10
photograph, A:189
structure, A:279–280
tilting, B:9
transform faults, A:303
unconformities, B:17
See also microfolds; slump folds

folds, refolded, photograph, B:32

foraminifers

hydrography, B:539–555
lithologic units, A:163, 227
lithology, B:587–588
Mesozoic, B:481–490
Neogene, A:308–309
photograph, A:77, 81; B:589
Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:563–564
Site 962, B:276

foraminifers, benthic

biostratigraphy, A:237–238
Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, B:403
Lower Cretaceous, B:347–359
middle Eocene, B:433–444
Pleistocene, B:605–610
Upper Cretaceous, B:375–411

foraminifers, deep-water agglutinated

Mesozoic, B:488
paleoenvironment, B:379–381, 389–411

foraminifers, planktonic

biostratigraphy, A:90–92, 180–182, 236–237, 272–273
Cenozoic, B:445–479
chemistry as proxy for thermocline structure, B:551–552
Cretaceous, B:335–345
isotopic and depth-stratification, B:541–548
photograph, A:172

formation factor, sediments, A:200; bp:CD-ROM

Formation MicroScanner imagery

bioturbated sediments, A:120, 122
in situ stress, B:209–223
marginal ridges, B:81–91
structures, A:119–121, 202–204

Formation MicroScanner imagery logs, vs. depth, A:206

fractionation

iridium vs. osmium, sediments, B:183–184
sulfur isotopes, B:127, 129–131

fracture azimuth, vs. depth, B:211

fracture zones, crust, B:10, 81–82

fractures

claystone, B:6–7
downhole variation, B:219
folds, A:279
Formation MicroScanner imagery, B:217–218
Lower Cretaceous, B:17
photograph, A:233, 280; B:21
sediments, A:279
unconformities, B:5
veins, B:73–76

fractures, iron-coated, décollement structures, B:25–26

fractures, tectonic, photograph, A:231

fractures, tensile wall, stress, B:213–214

fractures, vertical, borehole wall, B:216

friction

faults, B:46
transform faults, B:51–52

fungal spore, Site 959, B:318

furfural + acetic acid/pyrrol ratio biomarkers, B:598–599

vs. depth, B:599

gamma ray–resistivity logs

comparison of Sites 959, 960, and 962, A:292, 294
vs. depth, A:214–215

gamma ray–resistivity–sonic logs, vs. depth, A:135–139, 209–210

gamma-ray logs

statistical analysis, B:167
vs. depth, A:148–150, 202–204, 290

gamma rays

multisensor track, A:113
vs. depth, A:112, 118–119, 196, 246, 286

gas hydrates. See clathrates

gateways

Albian, B:364, 366
transform faults, A:15
See also Equatorial Atlantic Gateway

Gauss Chron, sediments, A:94

geochemical logs

evaluation, B:171–179
statistical analysis, B:159–170
vs. depth, A:145–147; B:249

geochemistry

organic matter, A:310
pore-filling, B:71–79
See also elemental yields

geochemistry, inorganic

Site 959, A:108–112
Site 960, A:192–195
Site 961, A:243–245
Site 962, A:284–286
Sites 959-962, A:310–311

geochemistry, organic

Site 959, A:102–103, 105–108
Site 960, A:188–192
Site 961, A:241–243
Site 962, A:281–284
Sites 959-962, A:310

geochemistry, source-rock

Site 959, A:108
Site 960, A:192
Site 961, A:243
Site 962, A:284

geochronology

fission-track data, B:35–41
osmium isotopes, B:181–186
thermal history, B:43–48
transform faults, A:10–11
See also age

geodynamics

transform margins, B:101–110
See also tectonics

geology, continental margin, A:5–16; B:94

geothermal gradient

thermal diagenesis, B:62–66
veins, B:77

Ghana

accumulation rates, B:569–571
Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:557–574
See also Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana continental margin; Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana marginal ridge; Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana Slope; Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana Trough

gibbsite

sediments, B:590
vs. depth, B:590, 593
X-ray diffractograms, A:264

glacial/interglacial cycles

accumulation, B:571–572
Neogene, A:310

glaciation

accumulation rates, B:600–601
cycles, B:589–591
sand and carbonate cycles, B:569–570

glacio-eustacy

accumulation, B:599
See also eustacy; sea-level changes

glauconite

Coniacian–Eocene, B:118
foraminifers, B:588
lithologic units, A:75–77, 163, 166–170, 227–231, 263
Neogene, A:308–309
photograph, A:79, 83, 229–230
scanning electron micrograph, B:155
X-ray diffraction data, A:177; B:145, 147

glauconite pellets

paleoenvironment, A:176
photograph, A:165

glauconitization

green grains, B:594
Neogene, A:308–309

Global Stratotype Section and Point, Paleogene/Neogene boundary, B:415

goethite

lithologic units, A:262, 269
Neogene, A:308–309
photograph, A:264
X-ray diffractograms, A:264

Gondwana, basement, B:94

grabens, blocks, B:6

graded bedding, photograph, A:79

grain size

textures, B:594
vs. depth, B:596
See also coarse fraction; sand fraction

grainstone

Cenomanian–Coniacian, B:116–118
Coniacian–Eocene, B:119
faults, A:186–187
photograph, B:119
structure, B:14, 16

grainstone, skeletal

lithologic units, A:168–170
photograph, A:169, 172

gravimetry, transform faults, A:48–49

gravity gliding

faults, B:91
photograph, B:21, 22
sedimentation, B:104

gravity tectonics, décollement structures, B:30

Great Abaco Member, biosiliceous event, A:312

green grains

clays, B:593–594
sediments, B:593–594
vs. depth, B:590–591
X-ray diffraction data, B:595

Guinea Current, Intertropical Convergence Zone, B:553–554

Gulf of Guinea

eolian supply, B:572
ostracodes, B:525–531
paleoenvironment, B:585–603
thermocline depth, B:552–553

Coniacian–Eocene, B:117–119
deposition, B:73
lithologic units, A:164
paleomagnetism, B:204

hardgrounds, glauconitic

Albian, A:307
photograph, A:265

hardgrounds, phosphatic

Coniacian–Santonian, A:81, 306–307
photograph, A:84–85

heat sources, fluid circulation, B:51–52

heating, hydrothermal circulation, B:46

hemipelagic deposition

lithologic units, A:267–270
paleoenvironment, A:176
passive margins, A:234

heulandite, X-ray diffractograms, A:228

hexane, sediments, A:108

hiatuses

accumulation rates, B:600–601
Miocene, B:519–521
Paleogene, B:421–423, 429
passive margins, A:234
See also erosional surfaces; unconformities

horst-and-graben structure, photograph, A:241

horsts, blocks, B:6

hydrocarbons

transform faults, A:12
See also ethane; hexane; methane; methane/ethane ratio

hydrocarbons, aromatic

biomarkers, B:598
vs. depth, B:597

hydrocarbons, volatile

chromatographs, A:71
sediments, A:108

hydrogen index

organic matter, A:106, 108, 190–192
Pliocene–Pleistocene variations, B:564–568
Rock-Eval pyrolysis, A:107, 193
sediments, A:244, 283
vs. age, B:568
vs. depth, A:284
vs. maximum temperature, A:108
vs. temperature, A:192

hydrography

Miocene–Pliocene, equatorial, B:539–555
surface wind, B:549–551

hydrothermal alteration

breccia, B:98
palygorskite, B:149

hydrothermal circulation

heating, B:46
transform faults, B:51–52

hydrothermal fluids, quartz, A:188

hydroxybenzyls

biomarkers, B:597
sediments, B:590
vs. depth, B:590, 598

lithologic units, A:233
recrystallization, B:97
thermal diagenesis, B:57–63
vs. depth, B:592–593
X-ray diffractograms, A:177, 228, 264–265
See also kaolinite/illite ratio

inclusions. See fluid inclusions

index properties, sediments, A:113–114, 197–198, 246, 248, 287–288; bp:CD-ROM

indols, biomarkers, B:599

Intertropical Convergence Zone, ocean circulation, B:549–554, 558

Interval A, organic carbon and carbonate content, A:102–103

Interval B, organic carbon and carbonate content, A:103

Interval C, organic carbon and carbonate content, A:103

Interval D, organic carbon and carbonate content, A:103

Interval E, organic carbon and carbonate content, A:103

Interval F, organic carbon and carbonate content, A:103

Interval G, organic carbon and carbonate content, A:103

Interval H, organic carbon and carbonate content, A:103

intracontinental sedimentation, cyclic processes, B:120–122

intracontinental transform, Stage 1, B:104–105, 291–292

intraplate basalts, chromian spinel, B:138

iridium

sediments, B:182–184
vs. osmium, sediments, B:183
See also osmium/iridium ratio

iron

green grains, B:593–594
pore water, A:112, 195, 243, 284–285
vs. depth, A:195, 311

iron number

chromian spinel, B:134, 136
vs. titanium oxide, B:137

isotopes

cements, B:73–76
sediments, A:14
See also carbon isotopes; osmium isotopes; oxygen isotopes; stable isotopes

Ivorian Basin. See Deep Ivorian Basin

Ivory Coast

accumulation rates, B:569–571
Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:557–574
See also Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana continental margin; Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana marginal ridge; Cote d’Ivoire-Ghana Slope; Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana Trough

kaolinite

mineralization, B:17
paleoenvironment, A:176
photograph, A:83
thermal diagenesis, B:58–63
veins, A:186; B:4–5
vs. depth, B:592
X-ray diffractograms, A:77, 168, 177, 264–265
See also quartz/kaolinite ratio

kaolinite/illite ratio, vs. depth, B:593

kaolinite veins

microfolds, B:5
photograph, B:68
sediments, B:16
thermal history, B:45

Kelvin waves, monsoons, B:554

Krithe sp. carapace, Site 959, B:529

cyclic processes, B:120–122
deposition, B:72–73
paleoenvironment, A:174–175; B:133–134
sulfur isotopes, B:130

lag deposits, Albian, A:307

laminations

lithologic units, A:75–77, 171–174, 266–267
paleoenvironment, B:133–134
photograph, A:77, 82, 85, 102, 173, 232, 268–270; B:21

lepispheres, scanning electron micrograph, B:153

limestone

Coniacian–Eocene, B:117–119
deposition, B:73
lithologic units, A:81–82, 266–267
paleotopography, B:106
petrography, B:119–120
sedimentary structures, B:89
See also chalk; floatstone; grainstone; micrite; packstone

limestone, dolomitic, photograph, A:170

limestone, fine-grained, photograph, A:268

limestone, micritic, photograph, A:229, 270

limestone, quartz sandy

lithologic units, A:81–82, 168–170, 266–267
paleomagnetism, B:204
photograph, A:268; B:118, 123

linear correlation, well logging, B:162

lineation

kaolinite veins, B:5–6
See also mineral lineation

lithic clasts, provenance, B:120

lithification

décollement structures, B:29
temperature, B:74–76
transform faults, A:302–303
See also synlithification

lithofacies

Paleogene, B:421–423
tectonics, B:113–123
vs. depth, B:286, 288, 290
See also biofacies; microfacies; palynofacies

lithologic units

biostratigraphy, B:482–487
physical properties, A:75–84, 162–174, 226–231, 261–267; B:241–249
statistical analysis, B:165–166
Unit I, A:75–77, 162–164, 226–227, 261–264
Unit II, A:77–80, 164–166, 227–228, 264–266
Unit III, A:80–81, 166, 228–231, 266–267
Unit IV, A:81–82, 166–170
Unit V, A:82–83, 170–174

lithology

microsequences, B:587–588
transform faults, A:10
well logging, B:157–170

lithostratigraphy

lithofacies, B:212
master column, A:125–133
Site 959, A:74–87
Site 960, A:152–155, 161–177
Site 961, A:225–234
Site 962, A:260–270

Lizard Springs Fauna, foraminifers, B:392

load casts, photograph, A:174

load structures, sandstone, A:188

Lower Campanian Event

paleoceanography, B:393–395
paleoenvironment, B:488

luene. See benzene/luene ratio

biostratigraphy, B:279, 282–283, 285
hydrothermal alteration, B:98
lithologic units, A:166–170, 228–231
transform faults, A:12

magmatism, relation to tectonics and sedimentation, B:137–138

magnesium

pore water, A:111, 195, 244, 285
vs. depth, A:110, 194, 245, 285, 311

magnesium number

chromian spinel, B:134, 136
vs. chromium number, B:137

magnetic anisotropy

magnetic fabric, B:192–195
See also anisotropy

magnetic declination, vs. depth, A:96, 184, 276–277

magnetic fabric

photograph, B:195
sediments, B:189–197

magnetic field, transform faults, A:61

magnetic inclination

histograms, B:204, 205–207
vs. depth, A:95–96, 184, 276–277

magnetic intensity, vs. depth, A:95–96, 183–184

magnetic intensity, natural remanent magnetization

vs. depth, A:239, 275

magnetic polarity, sediments, A:94

magnetic susceptibility

magnetic fabric, B:192
vs. depth, A:183

magnetic susceptibility, bulk

sediments, A:93, 182, 238, 274
vs. depth, A:93, 239, 275; B:541

magnetism, transform faults, A:48–49, 61

magnetite, sediments, A:94

magnetostratigraphy, sediments, A:94, 276

manganese

pore water, A:195, 284–285
vs. depth, A:110, 194, 311

manganese crusts

Albian, A:307
lithologic units, A:268

manganese nodules, lithologic units, A:268

mantle, chromian spinel, B:138

margin subsidence, paleoenvironment, A:176

marginal ridges

basins, B:41
evolution, B:76–78
paleofluids, B:49–52
Paleogene, B:421–423
subsidence, B:81–91
tectonics, B:3–11
transform faults, A:301
uplifts, A:301

marine deposition, paleoenvironment, A:174–175

marine environment

deposition, B:72–73
rifting, B:115–116

master column, lithostratigraphy, A:125–133

maturation. See thermal maturation

Matuyama Chron, sediments, A:94; B:599–600

Mauritania, accumulation rates, B:600

Mesozoic

biostratigraphy, B:481–490
See also Cretaceous; Bajocian

metamorphic rocks, provenance, B:119–120

metamorphism

iron oxides, B:97–98
See also anchimetamorphism

metasediments, transform faults, A:10

methane

headspace gases, A:192, 284
sediments, A:108–109
source rocks, A:243
vs. depth, A:108, 110, 194, 244
See also water–methane–carbon dioxide

methane/ethane ratio

sediments, A:71
vs. depth, A:109

mica

Coniacian–Eocene, B:118
thermal diagenesis, B:57–58
thermal history, B:97–98

micrite

lithologic units, A:78, 80, 226–227, 261–264, 266–267
paleomagnetism, B:201, 203
photograph, A:228; B:123

microbes, organic matter, A:109

microfacies, Quaternary, B:589

microfaults

black claystone, B:5
clays, B:6
claystone, A:279; B:6–7
décollement structures, B:26, 29
packstone, A:186–187
photograph, A:189, 240–241; B:7
sediments, A:98–100
structure, A:239–240; B:6, 16

microfolds

clays, B:6, 16
compression, B:6–7
kaolinite veins, B:5
packstone, A:186–187
photograph, A:280, 304; B:21–22, 31
pop-up structures, A:279
rheology, B:17
sediments, A:280
stages, B:104–105
See also folds

microfolds, asymmetric

association with reverse faults, B:23
photograph, B:32

microfolds, isoclinal

décollement structures, B:28
photograph, B:33, 99

microfolds, synsedimentary, Lower Cretaceous, B:16–17

microforaminiferal test lining, Site 959, B:318

microsequences

lithology, B:587–588
photograph, B:589

microslumps, sediments, B:16

microslumps, synsedimentary, Lower Cretaceous, B:16–17

microstructures

diagrams, A:305
Quaternary, B:589
rheology, B:17
uplifts, B:18
See also deformation; microfaults; microfolds; sedimentary structures

microthermometry, quartz veins, B:51

mineral lineation

strike-slip faults, A:187
See also lineation

mineralization

faults, A:186
photograph, A:280
pyrite, B:5–7

Miocene

biosiliceous event, A:312
biostratigraphy, B:449–465
condensed record, B:519
correlation of hiatuses with deep-sea hiatuses, B:520–521
hiatuses, B:519–521
lithologic units, A:77–78, 80, 164–166, 227, 262–264
sedimentation rates, A:96, 184, 276
transform faults, A:12
See also Oligocene–Miocene; Oligocene/Miocene boundary

Miocene, lower, calcareous nannofossils, B:516–517

Miocene, middle

calcareous nannofossils, B:517–518
carbonate crisis, A:312–313

Miocene, upper

calcareous nannofossils, B:517–518
interval without Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus, B:517–518

Miocene–Pliocene, hydrography, B:539–555

mixed-layer minerals

lithologic units, A:229–231
X-ray diffractograms, A:228, 264–265

monsoons

Intertropical Convergence Zone, B:554, 558
paleoceanography, A:14

montmorillonite, vs. depth, B:592

mudstone intraclasts, lithologic units, A:168–170

nacrite veins, thermal history, B:66

nannofossils

lithologic units, A:266–267
Mesozoic, B:481–490

Neogene, A:308–309

relative abundances of warm- and cool-water indicator species, B:583
scanning electron micrograph, B:153, 155
species diversity, B:583
vs. depth, B:582
See also discoasters

nannofossils, calcareous

biostratigraphy, A:87–90, 177–180, 234–236, 270–272; B:533–538, 575–583
Cretaceous, B:319–329
Paleogene, B:413–431
upper Cenozoic, B:509–523

neoformation

chlorite-mica stacks, thermal history, B:97
smectite, B:599

Neogene

nannofossil/foraminifer oozes, B:184–185
ostracodes, B:525–531
paleoceanography, A:309–313; B:520
See also Paleogene/Neogene boundary

Nigeria, Cretaceous, B:93–99

nitrogen

sediments, A:104–105, 189–190, 242
See also carbon/nitrogen ratio

nitrogen compounds

biomarkers, B:598
vs. depth, B:597

nodules. See barite nodules; manganese nodules; phosphate nodules; pyrite nodules

normal faults

claystone, A:279; B:6–7
décollement structures, B:25–26
diagrams, A:305
extension, B:17
microfolds, A:188
movement, B:7–8
photograph, A:100, 207, 241, 304; B:7, 21–22, 31, 99
sediments, A:98–100
stages, B:104–105
stereographic projection, A:100–101
structure, A:240; B:6
tilting, A:279; B:87, 89–90
transform faults, A:302
Upper Cretaceous, B:14

normal faults, conjugate, deformation, B:25

North Atlantic Deep Water

lithology, B:587–588
sediments, B:569–570, 599
See also deep water

North Equatorial Current, ocean circulation, B:549–551, 554

nutricline, Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:579–580

ocean circulation

currents, B:549–551
See also currents
Oceanic Anoxic Event. See pre-Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d; pre-Oceanic Anoxic Event 2

Oceanic Anoxic Event 3

radiolarians, B:364, 366–367
See also anoxic environment

oceans. See continent/ocean margin

Oligocene

biosiliceous event, A:312
diatomites, B:184–185
lithologic units, A:78, 80
paleomagnetism, B:201–203

Oligocene–Miocene, silicoflagellates, B:493–508

Oligocene/Miocene boundary, calcareous nannofossils, B:415, 516

ooze

deformation, B:5–6
faults, A:186–187
sedimentation rates, A:276–277

ooze, foraminifer–nannofossil, lithologic units, A:226–227

ooze, nannofossil, lithologic units, A:226–227

ooze, nannofossil/foraminifer

lithologic units, A:75–77, 162–166
osmium isotopes, A:261–264

opal-A, Albian, A:307

opal-CT

Albian, A:307
lithologic units, A:164, 166, 227, 234
radiolarians, B:364
scanning electron micrograph, B:153, 156

Ophiomorpha, lithologic units, A:77, 166

organic matter

biomarkers, B:595–599
composition, A:103, 105–106, 108, 243, 269, 282–284; B:567–568
Cretaceous–Paleocene, B:254–255
degradation, A:109, 193–194, 284
diagenesis, A:303, 305, 310
lithologic units, A:86
sediments, A:190–192
transform faults, A:12
vs. depth, B:260, 286, 288, 290
See also dark layers

organic matter, marine, vs. age, B:568

orthoquartzite, transform faults, A:10

osmium

sediments, A:14; B:182–184
vs. iridium, sediments, B:183
See also rhenium/osmium ratio

osmium/iridium ratio, sediments, B:183–184

osmium isotopes

seawater, B:181–186
vs. age, B:184
vs. rhenium/osmium ratio, B:185

ostracodes, Neogene, B:525–531

outcrops, photograph, A:60

oxidation, organic carbon, A:109

oxides, percentages, B:175

oxygen index

Rock-Eval pyrolysis, A:107, 193
sediments, A:244, 283

oxygen isotopes

calcite veins, B:73–79
foraminifers, B:548–549
vs. age, B:548–549, 564
vs. age for Cibicides wuellerstorfi, B:549
vs. age for Globigerinoides sacculifer, B:550
vs. age for Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, B:550
vs. carbon isotopes, B:74–77
vs. depth, B:540, 564, 590–591, 593

oxygen minimum zone, Upper Cretaceous, B:375–388

packstone

Cenomanian–Coniacian, B:116–118
Coniacian–Eocene, B:119
faults, A:186–187

packstone, quartz-sandy, photograph, B:119

packstone, skeletal

lithologic units, A:168–170
photograph, A:169, 172
paleo-surface water
calcareous nannofossils, B:327
See also surface water

paleobathymetric curve, vs. depth, B:286, 288, 290

paleobathymetry

changes, B:106
foraminifers, B:391–393
middle Eocene, B:435–436, 438
See also bathymetry

paleobiogeography

benthic foraminifers, B:352, 379–380
Cretaceous–Paleocene, B:254–258, 261–262
Mesozoic, B:488–489
radiolarians, B:364, 366–367

paleoceanography

calcareous nannofossils, B:327
Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:568–572, 575–583
radiolarians, B:363–373
transform faults, A:13–15, 298–313
Upper Cretaceous, B:393–396

Paleocene

agglutinated foraminifers, B:389–411
claystone, B:118, 185–186
lithologic units, A:80–81, 227–228
paleomagnetism, B:203
sedimentation rates, A:95
transform faults, A:12
unconformities, B:16
See also Cretaceous–Paleocene; Danian

paleoclimatology

Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:568–572, 575–583
Quaternary, B:585–603

paleoecology, Upper Cretaceous, B:375–388

paleoenvironment

benthic foraminifers, B:349, 352, 605–610
Cenomanian, B:105
Cretaceous–Paleocene, B:262, 293
deposition, A:174–177; B:72–73
lacustrine environment, B:133–134
lithofacies, B:115–122
Mesozoic, B:481–490
osmium isotopes, B:186
Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:557–574
Quaternary, B:585–603
sulfur isotopes, B:129–131
Upper Cretaceous, B:375–388
See also deltaic environment; lacustrine environment; marine environment; pelagic deposition; periplatform deposits; shelf environment; tropical environment

paleofluids, fluid inclusions, B:49–52

Paleogene

calcareous nannofossils, B:413–431
paleomagnetism, B:201–203

Paleogene/Neogene boundary, calcareous nannofossils, B:415

paleogeography

Cretaceous–Cenozoic, A:300–301
middle Eocene, B:434–435
transform margins, B:108–109

paleomagnetism

sediments, B:199-207
Site 959, A:93–95
Site 960, A:182–184
Site 961, A:238
Site 962, A:274–276
See also coercivity

paleopoles, Africa, B:203

paleoproductivity

Cretaceous, B:397
marine organic carbon, B:570
sediments, B:590
See also productivity

paleoseawater

calcareous nannofossils, B:327
See also paleo-surface water; seawater

paleotemperature

Cretaceous, B:63–64
thermal history, B:65

Palmae. See Senonian Palmae Province

palygorskite

authigenesis, B:106
claystone, B:10
Coniacian–Eocene, B:118
deposition, A:308
diagenesis, B:59
Eocene, B:421
lithologic units, A:227–228, 234, 264–266, 268
lower Eocene, B:141–156
origin, B:148–150

paleoenvironment, A:175–176

photograph, A:229

scanning electron micrograph, B:153–156

X-ray diffractograms, A:168, 265

palynofacies

Cretaceous–Paleocene, B:258, 260–262, 277–318
vs. depth, B:286, 288, 290
See also biofacies

palynology, Cretaceous–Paleocene, B:253–318

palynomorphs

biostratigraphy, A:92–93
Mesozoic, B:481–490
taxonomy, B:262–267
See also acritarchs; dinoflagellates; pollen; spores

passive margins

Albian–Turonian, B:20
Coniacian–Eocene, B:117–119
deposition, B:73
hiatuses, A:234
Stage 3, B:106–107, 292
transform faults, A:11–12, 297–298, 306–309

pelagic deposition

lithologic units, A:267–270
Paleocene, B:118–119
paleoenvironment, A:176
passive margins, A:234

pellets, glauconitic

lithologic units, A:227
photograph, A:265

pellets, photograph, A:229

peloids, photograph, A:79, 230

periplatform deposits, Cenomanian–Coniacian, B:116–117

permeability, fractures, B:52

petrography, provenance, B:119–120

petroleum geology, transform faults, A:12

petrophysics, lithologic units, B:244–246

pH, pore water, A:243

phenols

biomarkers, B:596–599
sediments, B:590
vs. depth, B:590, 597–598

phosphate debris, Coniacian–Eocene, B:117–119

phosphate nodules

lithologic units, A:166–168
photograph, A:84–85

photoelectric effect logs, vs. depth, A:118, 202

physical properties

downhole logging, B:225–240
lithologic units, B:241–249
Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:562–563
Site 959, A:112–116
Site 960, A:195–200
Site 961, A:245–247
Site 962, A:286–290

phytoplankton, range chart, B:280–281

plagioclase

petrography, B:119–120
photograph, B:123

Planolites

lithologic units, A:77–78, 80, 165–166
Neogene, A:308
photograph, A:81, 165

plant debris

accumulation rates, B:572
lithologic units, A:261–264
photograph, A:164, 173
vs. age, B:572

plant tissue, Site 959, B:318

plate breakup, continent/ocean margin, B:102

plate tectonics. See tectonics

Pleistocene

benthic foraminifers, B:605–610
biostratigraphy, B:449–465
calcareous nannofossils, B:519
lithologic units, A:75–76, 162–163, 262–263
ostracodes, B:525–531
See also Pliocene–Pleistocene

Pliocene

biostratigraphy, B:449–465
calcareous nannofossils, B:518–519
lithologic units, A:75–77, 162–166, 226–227, 262–264
sedimentation rates, A:96, 184, 313
See also Miocene–Pliocene

Pliocene, middle, small Gephyrocapsa, B:518–519

Pliocene–Pleistocene

biostratigraphy, B:533–538
paleoceanography, B:575–583
paleoenvironment, B:557–574

pollen

Cretaceous–Paleocene, B:253–276
depth and recovery, B:283

polysaccharides

biomarkers, B:596
vs. depth, B:597

pop-up structures

compression, B:6–7
faults, B:17
microfolds, A:279; B:23
photograph, B:22
stages, B:104–105
structure, B:17
superimposed to extensional structures, B:23

porcellanite

Albian–Turonian, A:307
diagrams, A:305
lithologic units, A:78, 80, 164–166, 227, 264–268
paleoenvironment, A:176; B:105
paleomagnetism, B:201, 203
photograph, A:100, 165, 228–229, 265–266
quartz veins, B:4–5
sedimentation rates, A:95

pore water

geochemistry, A:111, 192–195, 243–245, 284–285
temperature, B:77–78

porosity

boreholes, B:242
magnetic fabric, B:196

pore fluids, B:229–233

sediments, B:232, 561–562
vs. depth, A:114, 118, 198, 248, 288, 303; B:211, 233, 235, 239
vs. velocity, B:233
See also epithermal neutron porosity; void ratio

porosity, vuggy, photomicrograph, A:171

porosity logs

vs. depth, A:202; B:231, 235, 239, 244–245
vs. velocity logs, B:246
See also gamma ray–density–porosity logs; thermal neutron porosity

potassium

green grains, B:593–594
pore water, A:112, 195, 245, 285–286
vs. depth, A:110, 195, 245, 286

potassium feldspar

petrography, B:119–120
photograph, B:123

potassium logs, evaluation, B:173–174

Pre-Albian West Early Cretaceous Dicheiropollis etruscus/Afropollis Province, microfloral provinces, B:254–255, 261–262

pre-Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d, radiolarians, B:364, 366–367

pre-Oceanic Anoxic Event 2, radiolarians, B:364, 366–367

precipitation

calcite, B:79
palygorskite, B:149
See also deposition

preservation, marine organic carbon, B:570

pressure-temperature conditions, fluid inclusions, B:50–51

principal component analysis, well logging, B:159–161

productivity

lithologic units, A:86
See also paleoproductivity

provenance

chromian spinel, B:135
petrography, B:119–120
Quaternary, B:585–603
See also sediment sources; source rocks

pyrite

Coniacian–Eocene, B:119
lithologic units, A:75–78, 227–228, 232, 263, 265
mineralization, B:5, 6–7
Neogene, A:308–309
photograph, A:164, 229; B:67
sediments, B:16
vs. depth, B:593
X-ray diffractograms, A:163

pyrite, euhedral, photograph, A:81

pyrite, framboidal

photograph, B:129
sulfur isotopes, B:127, 129–131

pyrite nodules, photograph, A:80, 265

pyrite veins

mineralogy, A:186
petrology, A:240
sediments, A:101, 280–281; B:4–5

pyritization, photograph, B:589

pyrolysis, Rock-Eval, organic matter, B:569

pyrrol. See furfural + acetic acid/pyrrol ratio

Coniacian–Eocene, B:118
lithologic units, A:168–170, 230–231
petrography, B:119–120
photograph, A:83, 164; B:119, 123
photomicrograph, A:171
recrystallization, B:97
veins, A:186
X-ray diffractograms, A:168, 170, 177, 264–265

quartz/kaolinite ratio

sediments, B:592
vs. depth, B:590, 593

quartz clasts, provenance, B:120

quartz veins

deformation, B:106
folds, A:279
paleofluids, B:49–52
sediments, B:4–5
thermal history, B:45

quartzites

transform faults, A:10
See also metasediments; orthoquartzite

Quaternary

lithologic units, A:226–227
paleoenvironment, B:585–603
sedimentation rates, A:277
See also Pleistocene

biostratigraphy, A:182, 238, 273–274
lithologic units, A:227, 234, 264–266
Middle Cretaceous, B:363–373
Neogene, A:308
photograph, B:589
scanning electron micrograph, B:156

rebound, core-log comparison, B:243–244

recrystallization

chlorite-mica stacks, thermal history, B:97
scanning electron micrograph, B:156
veins, A:186

reduction

organic matter, A:109
See also sulfate reduction

reefs

deformation, B:77
paleotopography, B:106
transform faults, A:305–306

reflection coefficient, vs. traveltime, B:229, 236, 240

reflectors, seismic profiles, A:225

remanent magnetization, natural

correlation between holes, A:183–184
sediments, A:182–183

remanent magnetization, sediments, A:94, 205–206, 238, 274–275

resistivity

pore fluids, B:229–233
sediments, A:115–116, 197, 199–200, 287, 289; bp:CD-ROM
vs. depth, A:116, 118, 200, 239, 289; B:235

resistivity logs

statistical analysis, B:166–168
vs. depth, A:202, 290; B:231, 235, 239
See also gamma ray–resistivity logs; gamma ray–resistivity–sonic logs

reverse faults

association with asymmetric microfold, B:23
compression, B:6–7
décollement structures, B:25–26
fault planes, A:279
folds, A:279
microfolds, A:188
movement, B:7–8
photograph, A:99, 280, 304; B:22, 23
sediments, A:279
stages, B:104–105

reworking, sediments, B:599

rhenium, sediments, A:14; B:182–184

rhenium/osmium ratio

nannofossil/foraminifer oozes, B:184–185
vs. osmium isotopes, B:185

rheology

décollement structures, B:28
microstructures, B:17

rhodochrosite

Neogene, A:308
X-ray diffractograms, A:177

rhythmite, laminated, photograph, B:126

rhythmite, rifting, B:115–116

ridge deposition, paleoenvironment, A:175–176

rifting

cycles, B:120–121
lithofacies, B:115–116
relation to tectonics and sedimentation, B:137–138
sulfur isotopes, B:130–131
tectonics, B:19–20
thermal history, B:45
transform faults, A:11, 297–299
transform margins, B:107–108

Romanche Fracture Zone

paleogeography, B:489
thermal diagenesis, B:53

salinity, fluid inclusions, B:50

sand

cyclic processes, B:569–570
Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:563–564

sand fraction

vs. age, B:564
vs. depth, B:564, 590–591

sand pipes

rheology, B:17
sediments, A:240–241; B:16

sandstone

Albian, B:117
apatite, B:35–41
bedding, A:186
chromian spinel, B:133–139
Coniacian–Eocene, B:117–119
lithologic units, A:228–231
petrography, B:119–120
photograph, A:60, 85–86, 102; B:21, 68–69, 123
rifting, B:115–116
structure, B:16
unconformities, B:16

sandstone, calcareous

lithologic units, A:81–82
X-ray diffractograms, A:170

sandstone, calcite-cemented

lithologic units, A:266–267
photograph, A:269

sandstone, cross-bedded, photograph, A:269; B:118

sandstone, fine-grained, photograph, A:190

sandstone, glauconitic, silty, lithologic units, A:264–266

sandstone, intraclastic, photograph, A:79

sandstone, laminated, photograph, A:187

sandstone, micritic, photograph, A:169, 172

sandstone, quartz, lithologic units, A:82–83

sandstone, silty

Albian, B:16–17
lithologic units, A:170–174, 228–231
photograph, A:167, 173–174, 231

sandstone clasts, photograph, A:189

Santonian

benthic foraminifers, B:379
biostratigraphy, B:279
deposition, B:106
foraminifers, B:393
hydrothermal alteration, B:98
lithologic units, A:166–170
planktonic foraminifers, B:335–336, 338

scoured contacts, photograph, B:589

seafloor spreading. See spreading centers; spreading ridges

seawater

osmium isotopes, B:181–186
See also paleoseawater

sea-level changes

cyclic processes, B:120–122, 429, 520, 590–591
Oceanic Anoxic Event 3, B:364, 366–367
paleoclimatology, B:592
See also eustacy; glacio-eustacy

sediment loading, stress, B:220

sediment sources

Quaternary, B:585–603
See also provenance

sediment starvation, paleoenvironment, A:175–176

sedimentary basins

sedimentation, B:94–95
See also basins

sedimentary structures

columns, A:302
photograph, A:304
subsidence, B:89
transform faults, A:302–303
See also ball-and-pillow structures; bioturbation; blebs; burrow fills; burrows; color banding; convolute bedding; cross bedding; cross laminations; cross stratification; deformation; laminations; load casts; load structures; microstructures; soft sediment deformation; synlithification; synsedimentary structures

sedimentation

clastic wedges, B:19
Cretaceous, B:93–99
cyclic processes, B:120–121
periplatform deposits, B:103–104
Quaternary trends, B:588, 590–599
relation to magmatism and tectonics, B:137–138
siliciclastics, B:108
subsidence, B:82–83
transform faults, A:13, 298–309
See also deposition; detrital sedimentation; intracontinental sedimentation; paleoenvironment

sedimentation, biosiliceous, Eocene–Miocene, A:307–308

sedimentation, cyclic, lithologic units, A:86

sedimentation, pelagic, Paleocene, A:307

sedimentation, pelagic–hemipelagic, Neogene, A:308–309

sedimentation rates

biostratigraphic datums, A:278; B:465
middle Miocene, A:312–313
Site 959, A:95–96; B:537, 560
Site 960, A:184
Site 962, A:276–277
unconformities, A:184
vs. age, A:312; B:563
See also accumulation rates

sedimentation rates, mean linear, Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:562–563

sediments

lithofacies, B:113–123
magnetic fabric, B:189–197
organic geochemistry, A:104–105
osmium isotopes, B:181–186
upper Albian, B:125–131
See also chaotic sediments

sediments, anoxic, transform faults, A:14

seismic data, wide-angle, transform faults, A:52

seismic profiles

continent/ocean margin, B:102–103
Site 959, A:68, 72–74; B:228
Site 960, A:157, 161
Site 961, A:222–223, 225
Site 962, A:258–259, 262; B:238
transform faults, A:7–10, 50, 53–57

seismic reflection

physical properties, B:225–240
transform faults, A:49–51, 61

seismic Reflector R1, observations, A:72–73

seismic Reflector R2, observations, A:73

seismic Reflector R3, observations, A:73

seismic Reflector R4, observations, A:73

seismic Reflector R5, observations, A:73–74

seismic Reflector R6, observations, A:74

seismic reflectors

observations, A:72–74, 160
vs. traveltime, A:74

seismic stratigraphy, transform faults, A:9–10

seismic Unit D, deformation, B:106

seismic units. See acoustic units

seismograms, synthetic

boreholes, B:234, 237, 240, 291
vs. depth, A:123; B:227–229
vs. traveltime, B:229–230, 232, 236, 238, 240
well logs, A:122–123; B:227–229

Senonian

calcareous nannofossils, B:321–322
transform faults, A:12

Senonian Palmae Province, microfloral provinces, B:261–262

sepiolite

paleoenvironment, A:175–176
X-ray diffraction data, A:168; B:147

Sergipe Basin, foraminifers, B:393

shale, transform faults, A:10

shear

slumps, B:22
transform faults, A:11, 297–299

shear bands

clays, B:16
photograph, A:240

shear faults, photograph, A:304

shear strength, vs. depth, A:199, 289

shear strength, undrained

sediments, A:114–115, 197, 199, 246, 249, 287, 289; bp:CD-ROM

vs. depth, A:116

shear zones

bedding, B:16
clays, B:6
extension tectonics, B:96–97
faults, B:7–8
lithologic units, A:231
photograph, A:240–241
structure, A:239–240, 278–279; B:17

shelf environment

Coniacian–Eocene, B:118
lithologic units, A:232–233
paleoenvironment, A:175–176; B:105

shell debris

Cenomanian–Coniacian, B:116–117
photomicrograph, A:171

shells, calcitic, lithologic units, A:163

siderite

lithologic units, A:232
magnetic fabric, B:194
mineralization, B:17
X-ray diffractograms, A:163

siderite concretions, deposition, B:73

siderite veins, petrology, A:240

Sierra Leone Rise, Miocene, B:519–521

silica

pore water, A:111–112, 195, 245, 285–286
vs. depth, A:110, 195, 245, 286

siliciclastics

deposition, B:106
foraminifers, B:393
lithologic units, A:168–170, 232–233, 267–270
paleomagnetism, B:205
photograph, B:123
rifting, B:115–116
sedimentation, B:104, 108
structure, B:14
thermal history, B:45
transform faults, A:301, 305–306

silicoflagellates

biostratigraphy, A:92, 273
Oligocene–Miocene, B:493–508

silt, quartz, lithologic units, A:261–264, 266–267

siltstone

Albian, B:117
bedding, A:186
Coniacian–Eocene, B:118
décollement structures, B:28
lithologic units, A:170–174
photograph, A:60, 82, 99, 207, 304; B:21, 69–70
rifting, B:115–116
structure, B:16
thermal diagenesis, B:57–58
thermal history, B:97–98
tilting, B:87, 89–90
unconformities, B:16

siltstone, black, photograph, B:67

siltstone, calcareous, photograph, A:281

siltstone, calcite-cemented, lithologic units, A:266–267

siltstone, clayey

lithologic units, A:228–231
photograph, A:231–232
siltstone, clayey quartz, photograph, A:270

siltstone, laminated, photograph, A:232, 240–241; B:126

siltstone, quartz, photograph, A:230

siltstone, sandy

lithologic units, A:228–231
photograph, A:232

siltstone, sandy quartz, lithologic units, A:266–267

siltstone, sideritic, lithologic units, A:170–173

siltstone clasts, veins, A:240

Site 959, A:65–150

background and objectives, A:67–68
benthic foraminifers, B:348–349, 375–411, 605–610
biostratigraphy, A:87–93; B:255–257, 260–261, 278–285, 482–484, 533–538
calcareous nannofossils, B:320–323, 414–417, 510–513
calcite veins, B:71–79
coring summary, A:70–71
downhole measurements, A:116–123
geochronology, B:35–41
geophysics, A:72–74
in situ stress, B:209–223
inorganic geochemistry, A:108–112, 310–311
lithostratigraphy, A:74–87; B:54
magnetic fabric, B:189–197
marginal ridges, B:84–86
Miocene–Pliocene hydrography, B:539–555
operations, A:68–69, 71–72
organic geochemistry, A:102–103, 105–108, 310
osmium isotopes, B:181–186
ostracodes, B:525–531
paleoenvironment, B:487–488, 585–603
paleomagnetism, A:93–95; B:201–204
palygorskite clays, B:144
physical properties, A:112–116; B:227–233, 241–249
planktonic foraminifers, B:335, 449–457
Pliocene–Pleistocene paleoceanography, B:575–583
Pliocene–Pleistocene paleoenvironment, B:557–574
radiolarians, B:364, 366–367
sedimentation rates, A:95–96
silicoflagellates, B:493–508
site description, A:65–150
site geophysics, A:72–74
source-rock geochemistry, A:108
structural geology, A:96–101; B:4–5, 14
thermal diagenesis, B:54, 57–62
upper Albian, B:126
well logging, B:171–179

Site 960, A:151–215

background and objectives, A:156
benthic foraminifers, B:348–349, 433–444, 605–610
biostratigraphy, A:177–182; B:257, 260–261, 285–287, 484–485
calcareous nannofossils, B:321–324, 417–421, 513–515
calcite veins, B:71–79
chromian spinels, B:133–139
coring summary, A:159
downhole measurements, A:200–204
fluid inclusions, B:49–52
geochronology, B:35–41
inorganic geochemistry, A:192–195
lithostratigraphy, A:161–177; B:54–55
magnetic fabric, B:189–197
marginal ridges, B:86–87
master column, A:152–155
operations, A:158–160
organic geochemistry, A:188–192
ostracodes, B:525–531
paleoenvironment, B:488
paleomagnetism, A:182–184; B:202, 204–205
palygorskite clays, B:144–146
physical properties, A:195–200; B:233–234
planktonic foraminifers, B:335–336, 457–462
sedimentation rates, A:184
site description, A:151–215
site geophysics, A:160–161
source-rock geochemistry, A:192
structural geology, A:184–188; B:5–6, 14, 16
thermal diagenesis, B:54–55, 58, 63
thermal history, B:43–48
upper Albian, B:126–127

Site 961, A:217–249

background and objectives, A:220–222
benthic foraminifers, B:605–610 biostratigraphy, A:234–238; B:257–258, 260–261, 285, 288–289, 485
calcareous nannofossils, B:421, 424, 515
coring, A:224
inorganic geochemistry, A:243–245
lithostratigraphy, A:225–234; B:55
operations, A:222–224
organic geochemistry, A:241–243
paleomagnetism, A:238
palygorskite clays, B:146–147
physical properties, A:245–247
planktonic foraminifers, B:457, 462–464
site description, A:217–249
site geophysics, A:224
source rock geochemistry, A:243
structural geology, A:238–241; B:6, 16
thermal diagenesis, B:55, 58–59
thermal history, B:45–47, 63–64
upper Albian, B:127

Site 962, A:251–294

background and objectives, A:253–257
benthic foraminifers, B:348–352, 605–610
biostratigraphy, A:270–274; B:258–259, 261, 285, 287, 290–291, 485–487
calcareous nannofossils, B:324–326, 515–516
calcite veins, B:71–79
coring, A:260
inorganic geochemistry, A:284–286
lithostratigraphy, A:261–270; B:55
operations, A:257–260
organic geochemistry, A:281–284
paleoenvironment, B:488
paleomagnetism, A:274–276
palygorskite clays, B:147–148
physical properties, A:286–290; B:234–236
planktonic foraminifers, B:336–337, 462, 464–465
radiolarians, B:363–373
sedimentation rates, A:276–277
site description, A:251–294
site geophysics, A:260–261
source rock geochemistry, A:284
structural geology, A:277–281; B:6–7, 16–17
thermal diagenesis, B:55, 59, 64–65
upper Albian, B:127

site geophysics

Site 959, A:72–74
Site 960, A:160–161
Site 961, A:224–225
Site 962, A:260–261

slickensides

barite veins, B:14
clays, B:6
faults, A:187; B:5
lineation, B:6
sediments, A:98–100
strike-slip faults, B:7–8
structure, A:240–241

slump folds

claystone, A:187–188
lithologic units, A:83
sediments, A:241
structure, A:281

slump structures, sedimentary instability, B:95

slumping

claystone, A:188
décollement structures, B:29
dip, B:8
Eocene, B:106
sandstone, A:101
shear, B:22
Site 961, B:99
tilting, B:9
transform faults, A:302
See also microslumps

smectite

thermal diagenesis, B:57–63
X-ray diffraction data, A:77, 168, 228; B:145, 147

smectite, glauconitic, neoformation, B:599

soft sediment deformation

Albian, B:17
Cretaceous, B:98
photograph, A:241; B:21
sandstone, A:101, 187–188
sediments, A:240–241; B:16
structure, A:281
transform faults, A:302
See also sedimentary structures

sonic logs. See gamma ray–resistivity–sonic logs

source rocks, geochemistry, A:108, 192, 243, 284

South America

geodynamics, B:46–47
passive margins, B:20

South Atlantic Intermediate Water, lithology, B:587–588, 599

South Equatorial Current, ocean circulation, B:549–551, 558

spinel, chromian

chemistry, B:134–135
color and size, B:135
photograph, B:139
provenance, B:135
sandstone, B:133–139

Spiniferites bejuii, sketch, B:265

Spiniferites sp. G., sketch, B:266

spores

Cretaceous–Paleocene, B:253–276
depth and recovery, B:283

spreading centers

thermal history, B:65–66
transform faults, A:11

spreading ridges

environment, B:77
thermal pulses, B:10

stable isotopes

foraminifers, B:542–547
See also carbon isotopes; oxygen isotopes; sulfur isotopes

Stage E, veins, B:77

statistical analysis

well logging, B:157–170
See also linear correlation; principal component analysis

stratigraphy

Benue Trough, B:95
See also biostratigraphy; lithostratigraphy

stratotypes. See Global Stratotype Section and Point

stress, orientation, B:220–222

stress, horizontal, orientation, B:210, 220

stress, in situ, Formation MicroScanner imaging, B:209–223

stress, overburden, vs. depth, B:211

stress fields, fault planes, B:219–221

strike-slip faults

décollement structures, B:30
mineral lineation, A:187
motion, B:5
movement, B:7–8

stress, B:220–221

transform faults, A:7

strontium

pore water, A:110, 195, 245, 285
vs. depth, A:110, 194, 245, 285

structural geology, A:96–101, 184–188, 238–241, 277–281; B:212

structure, sediments, B:83–87

submersibles, transform faults, A:6–9, 52–53

subsidence

Campanian, B:106
continent/ocean margin, B:102
cyclic processes, B:120–121
passive margins, A:234
transform margins, B:10, 107–108

subsidence, post-tectonic, Formation MicroScanner imaging, B:81–91

sugars

biomarkers, B:598
vs. depth, B:597
See also polysaccharides

sulfate

pore water, A:243, 284
vs. depth, A:110, 194, 244, 285, 311

sulfate reduction

organic matter, A:194
pore water, A:244, 284
See also reduction

sulfides, sulfur isotopes, B:127, 129–131

sulfur

Rock-Eval pyrolysis, A:193
sediments, A:244, 283

sulfur isotopes

upper Albian sediments, B:125–131
vs. depth, B:130

surface water

hydrography, B:539–555
See also paleo-surface water

synlithification

décollement structures, B:28
rheology, B:17

synrift deposition, paleoenvironment, A:174–175

synsedimentary structures, décollement structures, B:29

syntransform tectonics, Aptian–Albian, B:20

syringyls/vanillyls ratio

biomarkers, B:597
sediments, B:590
vs. depth, B:590, 598

tectonic breccia, lithologic units, A:231

tectonic veins

lithologic units, A:231
photograph, A:269

tectonics

Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana continental margin, B:3–11, 13–23
Cretaceous, B:93–99
cycles, B:120–121
lithofacies, B:113–123
relation to sedimentation and magmatism, B:137–138

time constraints, B:35–41

transform faults, A:6–9, 11–12, 51–52, 297–309

transform margins, B:108–109

See also compression; extension; fracture zones; geodynamics; gravity tectonics; horst-and-graben structure; intracontinental transform; shear zones; subsidence; syntransform tectonics; tilting; uplifts; wrench tectonics

temperature

boreholes, A:121–122, 204, 291
clay mineralogy, B:39–40
diagenesis, B:74–76
pore water, B:77–78
Rock-Eval pyrolysis, A:193
vs. depth, A:74, 123, 284, 292
vs. hydrogen index, A:108, 192
vs. time, A:74
See also pressure-temperature conditions

temperature, in situ, ADARA tool, A:74

tension gashes, quartz veins, B:4–5

Tertiary. See Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary

Tethys

Albian, B:366–367
Cretaceous, B:352

textures, fine grains, B:594

Thalassinoides, lithologic units, A:77

thermal alteration, clays, A:303, 305

thermal conductivity

sediments, A:113, 196–197, 246, 286–287
vs. depth, A:113, 197, 287; bp:CD-ROM

thermal history

deformation, B:39–41
fission-track data, B:39–41, 43–48
lithology, B:97–98
paleofluids, B:49–52
paleotemperature, B:65
transform margins, B:108

thermal maturation

clays, B:105
sediments, A:306; B:277–318

thermal neutron porosity, vs. depth, B:245

thermal pulses, uplifts, B:10

thermocline

history of depth, B:552–553
planktonic foraminifers, B:551–552
Pliocene–Pleistocene, B:579–580

thorium logs

evaluation, B:173–174
statistical analysis, B:168

tilting

décollement structures, B:26
faults, B:83–90
Lower Cretaceous, B:17
magnetization, B:206
normal faults, A:207
origin, B:87, 89–90
photograph, A:207
rates, B:8–9
transform margins, B:107–108
uplifts, B:10
vs. age, B:9

titanium, chromian spinel, B:134, 136

titanium oxide

vs. chromium number, B:137
vs. iron number, B:137

titanomagnetite, sediments, A:94

trade winds

Intertropical Convergence Zone, B:553–554, 558
paleoclimatology, B:592

transcurrent faults, extension tectonics, B:96–97

transform faults

friction, B:51–52
geodynamics, B:101
geology, A:5–16, 297–299
Turonian, B:46–47
See also intracontinental transform

transform margins

clastic wedges, B:19
geodynamics, B:101–110
paleofluids, B:49–52
tectonics, B:3–11
thermal history, B:39–41
vertical motion, B:107–108

traveltime, vs. seismic reflectors, A:74

traveltime, two-way, vs. physical properties, B:229, 236, 240

tricolpate pollen, Site 959, B:318

trilete spore, Site 959, B:318

Trisaccates. See Early Cretaceous–Cenomanian Trisaccates Province

tropical environment, paleoceanography, A:14

Trous-sans-Fond Canyon, deposition, A:270

tryptophane, biomarkers, B:599

turbidites, photograph, B:118

Turonian

benthic foraminifers, B:379
biostratigraphy, B:278–279, 489
calcareous nannofossils, B:321–322
clays, B:63
deformation, B:35–41
lithologic units, A:81–82, 168–170
marginal ridges, B:76–78
paleomagnetism, B:204–205
paleotopography, B:106
periplatform deposits, B:102–103
planktonic foraminifers, B:336, 338
See also Cenomanian/Turonian boundary; Cenomanian/Turonian Boundary Event

bedding, A:186; B:8
calcite, B:75
Cenomanian–Coniacian, B:116–117
chert, B:16–17
Cretaceous, B:14, 16
décollement structures, B:28
fission-track data, B:105
lithologic units, A:186
Oligocene–Miocene, B:494–495
Paleocene, B:16
photograph, A:169
sandstone, A:188
sedimentation rates, A:184
thermal history, B:45, 65
transform faults, A:10–11, 305–306
Turonian, B:205–206
veining, B:5
See also erosional surfaces; hiatuses

underway geophysics, Sites 959–962, A:61–62

uplifts

continent/ocean margin, B:102
cyclic processes, B:120–121
exposure, B:71–79
hydrothermal circulation, B:46
marginal ridges, A:301
microstructures, B:18
thermal events, B:108
thermal history, B:41
tilting, B:10

upwelling

accumulation rates, B:600
planktonic foraminifers, B:551–552
sediments, A:14–15

uranium logs

evaluation, B:173–174
statistical analysis, B:167

vegetation zones, Africa W, B:558–559

vein fills, chalcedony, B:4

veins

claystone, A:240
Cretaceous, B:14, 16
deformation, B:9–10, 14
mineralogy, A:186
photograph, A:172
sediments, A:100–101; B:16
Stage E, B:77
structure, A:280–281
synlithification, B:17
transform faults, A:303
See also barite veins; calcite veins; kaolinite veins; nacrite veins; pyrite veins; quartz veins; siderite veins; slickensides; Stage E; tectonic veins

veins, hydrothermal, stages, B:104–105

velocity

boreholes, B:242
multisensor track, A:112–113
pore fluids, B:229–233
sediments, B:232–233
velocimetry, A:113–114
vs. depth, A:112, 115, 117–119, 196, 199, 249, 286, 289; B:234–235, 239
vs. porosity, B:233
vs. traveltime, B:229, 236, 240
See also acoustic units; compressional wave velocity

velocity logs

statistical analysis, B:166
vs. density logs, B:246, 248
vs. depth, B:231, 235, 239, 244
vs. porosity logs, B:246, 248
See also gamma ray–resistivity–sonic logs

void ratio

vs. depth, A:114, 198, 248, 288
See also porosity

water content

sediments, B:561–562
vs. depth, A:114, 198, 248, 288; B:563

water-escape structures

lithologic units, A:171
photograph, A:172, 190
rheology, B:17
sediments, A:240–241; B:16

water–methane–carbon dioxide, fluid inclusions, B:50

well-log units, Site 959, A:117–119

well logging

evaluation, B:171–179
lithology, B:157–170
physical properties, B:225–240
Site 959, A:116–123
Site 960, A:200–204
See also caliper logs; core-log comparison; downhole measurements; gamma ray– density–porosity logs; gamma ray–resistivity logs; gamma ray–resistivity–sonic logs; gamma-ray logs; photoelectric effect logs

well logs, shore-based processing, A:134, 208, 213, 293

West African Craton, Gondwana, B:94

wind transport

palygorskite, B:148–149
terrigenous organic carbon, B:570–571
See also eolian processes

winnowing, sediments, B:599

wood, Site 959, B:318

wrench tectonics

clastic wedges, B:19
Lower Cretaceous, B:18

X-ray diffraction data

clays, B:57–63
green grains, B:595
palygorskite clays, B:144–148

Xenascus ghanaensis n. sp., dimensions, B:267

lithologic units, A:164, 229–231, 234
photograph, A:164, 228
scanning electron micrograph, B:153, 155
sediments, B:590
X-ray diffraction data, B:147
See also clinoptilolite

zircon, fission-track data, B:43–48

zoning

biostratigraphy, A:235; B:446–449, 509–523, 533–538, 575–583
silicoflagellates, B:493–494
statistical analysis, B:165–166

Zoophycos

bedding, A:186
Coniacian, A:306
Coniacian–Eocene, B:117-119
lithologic units, A:77–78, 80, 98–99, 164–166, 228
Neogene, A:308
photograph, A:79, 81, 164