VOLUME 160 SUBJECT INDEX

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A
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Abu Madi sands, sediments, B:496

accessory minerals, vs. depth, A:96

accretion

paleogeography, B:672-673
tectonics, A:14-16
See also plate tectonics; tectonics

accretionary complexes

emplacement, B:736
geology, A:337
mud, A:13-14
mud matrix, B:587-588
mud volcanoes, B:575-595, 665-680
seamounts, B:692-693
stages of development, B:674
tectonics, A:5; B:673-675
See also plate tectonics; tectonics

acoustic properties

well-logs, B:535-543
See also physical properties; well-logs

Actinommids, Site 971, B:139, 144, 148-149

active margins

collision with seamounts, B:465-481
See also collisions; continental margins; plate tectonics

Adana. See Cilicia-Adana Basin

Adana Basin, tectonics, A:6; B:750-759, 773-775

advection, lateral flow, A:311, 313

Adventure Bank, tectonics, A:16, 73, 78

Aegean. See South Aegean Volcanic Arc

Aegean backarc basin system, tectonics, A:5-6

Aegean Sea

paleogeography, B:672
sandstone, B:584

Africa

clast lithology, B:585-586
paleoclimatology, B:327-328
sandstone, B:584
See also North Africa

African Plate

crust, B:727
Eocene-Miocene succession, B:496, 498-499
subduction, A:5-6, 517; B:688

African-Eurasian plate boundary, tectonics, B:527-534, 688, 713, 730-731, 759

age vs. depth

Eratosthenes Seamount, B:511-514
Mediterranean Sea E, B:65, 68, 71
Site 963, A:71; B:112
Site 964, A:103
Site 965, A:135
Site 966, A:177, 179
Site 967, A:242-243; B:187
Site 968, A:303
Site 969, A:356, 358; B:110
Site 973, A:481

Aiya Varvara metamorphics, tectonics, B:769

Akamas Peninsula, lithofacies, B:774

Akrotiri Peninsula

fanglomerate, B:556-560
geology, A:290; B:741, 743, 751

Akseki carbonate platform, tectonics, B:750

Aksu Basin

offshore geology, B:737-738
tectonics, B:749-750, 774
Alanya Massif, tectonics, B:749-750, 766

Albian

mud breccia, A:12-14
zoning, B:384

albite

petrography, B:456
sediments, B:581

alcohol isomers, mass spectra, B:289

alcohols

sapropels, B:265
See also n-alcohols; ter-alcohols

alcohols, steroid, carbon number, B:279

algae

lithologic units, A:223; B:492
sapropels, B:265-266, 279, 289

algae, calcareous

biostratigraphy, A:135
Miocene, B:421

algae, haptophyte, sapropels, B:289

algal material, Miocene, B:420-421

alkalinity

carbonates, A:67, 69
depth, A:366
diagenesis, A:110, 311, 363, 366
organic matter, A:110, 247, 310-311, 363
pore water, A:187, 437, 485; B:572
sapropels, B:258
vs. depth, A:80, 114, 191, 253, 312, 394-396, 436-437, 486; B:371

alkan-1,13,30-triol

mass spectra, B:289
sapropels, B:287, 289

alkan-1,15-diols, long-chain, sapropels, B:277

alkan-1-ol-n-ones, sapropels, B:277, 279

alkandiols

sapropels, B:287
See also diols

alkanes. See iso-alkanes; n-alkanes; ter-alcohols

alkanes, isoprenoid, sapropels, B:287-288

alkanolones. See ketols

alkanols, sapropels, B:287, 289
alken-2-ols
mass spectra, B:289
partial gas chromatograms, B:292
sapropels, B:286-287, 289

alken-2-one, sapropels, B:286-287

alken-3-ols

mass spectra, B:289
partial gas chromatograms, B:292
sapropels, B:286-287, 289

alken-3-one, sapropels, B:286-287

alkenes, sapropels, B:287

alkenols, sapropels, B:264

alkenones

bitumens, A:115, 117, 189, 251-252
sapropels, B:273, 286-287, 289
temperature records, B:309-331

alkenones, long-chain, sapropels, B:265-266, 276

allochthons, emplacement, B:736

alluvial fans

lithofacies, B:551, 558-559
sedimentation model, B:563-564
tectonics, B:746, 748-749

alteration, diagenesis, B:424

aluminum

electron microscopy, B:346
vs. depth, A:271; B:200
See also barium/aluminum ratio; calcium/aluminum ratio; chromium/ aluminum ratio; iron/aluminum ratio; magnesium/aluminum ratio; major elements/aluminum ratio; manganese/aluminum ratio; nickel/aluminum ratio; potassium/aluminum ratio; silicon/aluminum ratio; titanium/aluminum ratio; vanadium/aluminum ratio; zirconium/aluminum ratio

aluminum logs

gypsum, A:263
vs. depth, A:271

aluminum oxide logs, vs. depth, A:285-287

Amaurolithus spp.

abundance, B:104
Zanclean abundance, B:118-119

ammonium

lateral flow, A:250, 311, 313
organic matter, A:247, 310-311, 363
pore water, A:187, 392
vs. depth, A:79, 114, 191, 253, 312, 366, 394-396, 436; B:371

amphibolites, basement, B:735

analcime, origin, B:587

analcite. See analcime

Anatolia. See also East Anatolian Fault; South Anatolian Fault Zone

Anatolian plate boundary, tectonics, B:718, 768

Anaximander Mountains

carbonate platforms, B:741
lithofacies, B:459, 775
offshore geology, B:736-737

Andirin. See Misis-Andirin Complex

ankerite

origin, B:586-587
sediments, B:581

anoxia

isotopic stratigraphy, B:178-179
organic carbon in sapropels, B:257, 285-295
provenance of trace elements, B:202
sapropels, A:21, 23-24; B:33, 267-268, 274
sediment fabric and composition, B:659-660
Zanclean, B:120
See also euxinia; photic zone

anoxic basins, geology, A:337

Antalya Basin

conglomerate comparison, B:563
Cretaceous-Paleogene succession, B:413-414
lithofacies, B:459
tectonics, A:6; B:773, 775
volcanism, B:766

Antalya Complex

geologic map, B:739
Mesozoic, B:738-741, 769-770
offshore geology, B:737-738

Antalya travertine, geology, B:737-738

anticlines, lineaments, B:759

apatite, diagenesis, B:408

Apennines, tectonics, A:15

apolar fraction

gas chromatograms, B:290
lipids, B:287, 294-295

Apolos Formation, lithofacies, B:553

Aptian

chalk, B:406
mud breccia, A:12-14
Neotethys, B:726
zoning, B:384

Aptian, upper, hiatuses, B:522

Apulia, tectonics, A:15

Aquitanian, deposition, B:433-434

Arabian margin, tectonics, B:759-760, 764, 769-770, 775-776

Arabian Peninsula, tectonics, A:6

Arabian Plate, Cretaceous-Paleogene succession, B:412

aragonite

photomicrograph, B:424-425
X-ray diffraction data, B:428, 474

arc structures, lineaments, B:759

Ardana. See Kalagrai-Ardana Unit

arsenic, vs. depth, B:201

Arsos Formation, Oligocene-Miocene succession, B:744

Aslantas Formation, tectonics, B:758

Aslantas-Iskenderun Basin, tectonics, B:758

asphaltenes, sapropels, B:274

astronomical calibration, lower Pleistocene, B:191-197

Athalassa Formation, Pliocene channels, B:478

Atterberg limits, sediments, B:633, 638

authigenesis, formation, B:368-370

Ayios Photios Group

basement, B:734-736
tectonics, B:704-705, 771

B
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Bachymayerella tenuis

Pliocene-Quaternary succession, B:125-135
vs. planktonic foraminifer and calcareous nannofossil zones, B:126-128

backthrusting, accretionary wedges, B:673-675, 677

bacteria

sapropels, B:249-259, 266-267, 274-281, 303-307
sulfate reduction, B:368-371, 677
vs. depth, B:304, 306
See also cyanobacteria

Baer-Bassit Unit

ophiolite, B:760-769
tectonics, B:753

Balearic Basin. See North Balearic Basin

Bannock Structure, moats, B:500-501

Barbados, mud volcanoes, B:670

barite, authigenic, formation, B:368-370

barium

productivity, B:211, 213
vs. depth, B:200, 370

barium/aluminum ratio, vs. depth, B:210, 212

basement

lithology, B:745
Mesozoic, B:734-736

basins

Early to Mid-Cretaceous, B:726
geology, B:737-738
Late Triassic, B:725
tectonics, A:56-58; B:704

bathyal environment, Upper Cretaceous, B:408

bathymetry

seamounts, A:8-10; B:710
Site 964, A:87-88
structures, A:466-467

Beato Angelico Trough, tectonics, A:87-88

bedding

clasts, B:583
Formation MicroScanner, B:521
lithofacies, B:408
Messinian-Pliocene succession, B:458-459
photograph, A:184
projection, A:75
structural data, A:358-359, 431, 458, 481, 492; B:520
See also graded bedding

bedding planes

fabric, A:428
lithologic units, A:220-222
photograph, A:426
projection, A:359, 459, 481
structural data, A:63-64, 136

beidellite, Formation MicroScanner logs, B:619

Bellapais Formation, tectonics, B:746, 748-749

benzenes, alkylated, sapropels, B:288

beta-carotene derivative, sapropels, B:287

beta-sitosterol, sapropels, B:266

Bey Daglari carbonate platform unit

geology, B:738-741
tectonics, B:750

Beysehir-Hoyran Nappes, tectonics, B:770-771

biocalcarenite, mud breccia, A:11-14

biochronology

Pliocene-Pleistocene nannofossils, B:109
sapropels, B:193
sedimentation rates, B:108-109
stable isotopes, B:167-180

bioclasts

diagenesis, B:427, 475
lithofacies, B:476, 495
mud breccia, B:598, 602
photomicrograph, B:475, 506

bioevents

base of MNN14-MNN15 Zone, B:104
composite, A:355, 392, 433, 457, 480; B:102, 108
depth and proposed age, B:162
list, B:169-170
nannofossils, B:102, 108
planktonic foraminifers, B:380
Site 963, A:70
Site 964, A:101
Site 965, A:134
Site 966, A:174-175
Site 967, A:240-241
Site 968, A:301

biomarkers, organic matter, B:261-269, 271-283, 285-295, 352, 355-356

biomicrite

lithologic units, A:162
mud breccia, B:601
photograph, A:132
photomicrograph, B:405, 407, 426, 473, 475

biomicrite clasts, photomicrograph, B:473

biosparite

lithologic units, A:223
photograph, A:133, 173-174

biostratigraphic age, vs. organic carbon, B:274

biostratigraphic datums

position and astronomical ages, B:193
sedimentation rates, A:231, 233

biostratigraphy

Eocene, B:395-401
lower Pleistocene, B:191-193
mass flow units, B:467
Messinian/Pliocene boundary, B:9-17
paleobathymetry, B:511
Pliocene-Quaternary succession, B:83-112, 125-135
Site 963, A:60-63
Site 964, A:100-102
Site 965, A:132-135
Site 966, A:164, 170, 173-176
Site 967, A:224-231, 264-265
Site 968, A:298-303
Site 969, A:344, 348, 351-355, 374
Site 970, A:385-387, 389-390
Site 971, A:431-435
Site 972, A:454-458
Site 973, A:477-479
Zanclean, B:113-123

biosynthesis, sapropels, B:276, 290, 292

biotite, petrography, B:455

bioturbation

lithofacies, B:408
lithologic units, A:59, 129-130, 161, 220-222, 340-342
paleoenvironment, A:162-164
photograph, A:65-66, 68-69, 235-238, 299; B:406
Pliocene, B:457
sapropels, A:95-96; B:334-337

Bitlis Suture Zone, tectonics, A:6; B:763, 770

Bitlis-Puturge massifs, tectonics, B:761

bitumens, extractable, sediments, A:115, 117, 189-190, 251-252, 370-371

bitumens, paleoenvironment, A:164

bivalves

basement, B:735
lithologic units, A:162
photograph, A:173; B:422
photomicrograph, B:425-426, 473, 475
Black Sea, mud domes, B:670
Blake Event, magnetostratigraphy, B:71-72
Bolboforma, biostratigraphy, A:102, 135, 176, 355

bone beds, lithofacies, B:555

borehole extension, fractures, B:530-534

brassicasterol, sapropels, B:266

breccia

lithologic units, A:381-383
photograph, A:249, 387, 483
tectonics, B:749
See also carbonate breccia; limestone breccia; microbreccia; mud breccia

breccia, clast-supported, lithofacies, B:471

breccia, matrix-supported

carbonates, B:494-496, 687
Formation MicroScanner logs, B:616
photomicrograph, B:508
brecciation
limestone clasts, B:474
photograph, B:422-423

brines, geochemistry, A:115; B:368-371

bromine

evaporites, A:113
pore water, A:187, 485
vs. depth, A:79, 114, 191, 487
vs. potassium, strontium, and lithium, A:115

bromine/chlorine ratio, vs. depth, A:487

Brunhes Chron

magnetostratigraphy, B:64, 66, 70, 72
remanent magnetization, A:63, 78, 103-104, 135-136, 177, 179, 234
See also Matuyama/Brunhes boundary

Burdigalian, deposition, B:433-434

Burdur Basin, conglomerate comparison, B:563

Burdur Fault Zone, offshore geology, B:737

burrows

axial ratio, B:524
chalk, B:410
fabric, A:186
laminations, B:337-338
lithofacies, B:408
lithologic units, A:59-60, 221-223, 294, 340-342, 423, 454
photograph, A:66, 68-69, 76, 97, 99, 169-172, 186, 235-238, 247, 299, 347, 350-351; B:422
photomicrograph, B:342
sedimentary structures, B:471
See also Chondrites; Planolites; trace fossils; Teichichnus; Zoophycos

butane. See iso-butane

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cadmium, vs. depth, B:201

Calabrian accretionary wedge

sapropel age, B:187, 191-197
tectonics, A:87-88, 118

Calabrian Ridge

geology, A:337
tectonics, A:16, 87-88

calcarenite

Aptian, B:406
deformation, A:241, 266
photograph, A:249
Pliocene channels, B:477-478

calcarenite, brecciated, deformation, A:242

calcarenite, pelagic, petrography, B:579

calcarenite, shallow-water, petrography, B:579

calcilutite

deformation, A:238-239
lithologic units, A:222-223, 266
origin, B:587
photograph, A:174

calcirudite, mass flow units, B:467-468

calcite

clasts, B:598
composition, B:4, 442
deformation, A:240
diagenesis, A:188; B:429
electron microprobe data, B:428
lithologic units, A:129-130, 294, 340; B:438-439
petrography, B:456
photograph, A:132-133, 185
sediments, B:447-448, 581
vs. depth, B:5
X-ray diffraction data, B:427-428, 474

calcite, fibrous, photomicrograph, B:595

calcite, inorganic

lithologic units, A:222, 295
vs. depth, A:96, 164, 228, 297, 342

calcite, magnesian, origin, B:587

calcite, sparry, photomicrograph, B:405, 425-426, 472-473, 506, 593

calcite/dolomite ratio, carbonates, B:448

calcite cement, photograph, A:249

calciturbidite

paleogeography, B:414-415, 743
photomicrograph, B:593
Pliocene, B:457

calcium

carbonates, A:67, 69; B:448
diagenesis, A:188
gypsum, A:250, 311
pore water, A:113, 392, 485
vs. chlorine, A:254
vs. depth, A:80, 114, 192, 255, 314, 367, 394-396, 437, 486
vs. NaCl-extracted sulfur, B:252
vs. sulfate, A:255; B:259
X-ray flourescence data in carbonates, B:450
See also hydrogen/(silicon + calcium) ratio; silicon/(silicon + calcium) ratio; strontium/calcium ratio; sulfur/calcium ratio

calcium/aluminum ratio, vs. depth, B:210, 212

calcium/chlorine ratio, vs. depth, A:256, 314, 367; B:572

calcium/magnesium ratio

diagenesis, A:366
vs. depth, A:192, 314

calcium carbonate, sediments, A:69-70, 80-81, 113, 116-117, 137-138, 188-189, 193, 250, 256-257, 313, 315-316, 367-369, 395, 398, 439-440, 461, 488; B:13-15, 17, 21

caliche?, photograph, A:132

caliper logs, vs. depth, A:144-147, 150-151, 200-206, 208-213, 264-266, 274-281, 323-324, 404-408, 446; B:539-540

Caltanisetta Basin, tectonics, A:15

Campanian

basement, B:734, 776
biostratigraphy, B:400-401

carbonate compensation depth, B:499

stratigraphy, B:412
tectonic models, B:769

Campanian-Maastrichtian succession, plate tectonics, B:771

campesterol, sapropels, B:266-267

Cannobotryid group, Site 971, B:142, 152

canthaxanthin, sapropels, B:298-302

carbon

electron microscopy, B:344
sediments, A:69-70, 80-81, 113, 116-117, 137-138, 188-189, 193, 250, 256-257, 313, 315-316, 367-369, 395, 398, 439-440, 459-461, 485-488
See also sulfur/carbon ratio

carbon/nitrogen ratio

carbonates, A:69, 264
diagenesis, A:110, 366; B:274
organic matter, B:34
vs. depth, B:200

carbon/sulfur ratio, organic matter, B:34

carbon, organic

bacteria, B:305-306
normal faults, B:650, 656
sapropels, A:21, 23-24, 165-166, 354, 478-479; B:201, 229, 262-263, 272-274, 286, 354
sedimentation rates, B:34
sulfate reduction, B:253-254
vs. age, B:317, 318, 324-327
vs. alkenone sea-surface temperature, B:280
vs. biostratigraphic age, B:274
vs. carbon isotopes, B:179
vs. degree of pyritization, B:254
vs. depth, A:82, 118, 194-195, 258, 262, 317, 369, 371, 399, 441, 461, 488; B:200, 251, 305, 658
vs. hydrogen index, A:195, 260, 370; B:275
vs. iron, B:255
vs. sterols, B:279
vs. total sulfur, B:254

carbon, organic/nitrogen ratio

sediments, A:395-396, 439, 460, 486
vs. depth, A:70, 82, 113, 115, 118, 189, 194, 250-251, 258, 313, 317, 369-370

carbon isotope signal, Messinian/Pliocene boundary, B:7

carbon isotopes

biochronology, B:167-180
carbonates, B:448-450
Cretaceous, B:384, 389-390
Incertae sedis, forma A, B:132
mean values, B:178
ooze, B:17-18, 21
sapropels, B:309-331
sediments, B:13-15
vs. age, B:316-317, 389
vs. depth, B:6, 21, 177-178, 200, 389, 449
vs. Messinian/Pliocene boundary, B:6
vs. organic carbon, B:179
vs. oxygen isotopes, B:450
vs. oxygen isotopes of Globigerinoides obliquus, Oridorsalis stellatus, and Incertae sedis, forma A, B:132
vs. planktonic foraminiferal zones, B:389

carbon number

sapropels, B:264, 280
steroid alcohols, B:279

carbonate breccia, matrix-supported, lenses, B:494-496

carbonate clasts

lithologic units, A:130, 161
lithology, A:266

carbonate compensation depth

Cretaceous-Eocene succession, B:499
Cretaceous-Paleogene succession, B:413
Upper Cretaceous, B:408

carbonate content

ooze, B:17
sapropels, B:272-274
sediments, B:634-636
vs. depth, A:82, 118, 194, 258, 317, 369, 399, 441, 461, 488; B:200, 210, 212, 221, 223, 440, 658

carbonate grains, petrography, B:580

carbonate logs, vs. depth, A:285-287

carbonate platforms

evolution of seamount in relation to Eratosthenes Seamount, B:696-697
history, A:266-267
Lower Cretaceous, B:404, 406, 408
Mesozoic, B:740-741
tectonics, B:671

carbonates

atomic absorption data, A:192
composition, B:4
diagenesis, A:67, 69, 110, 188, 311, 363, 366
dissolution, B:231, 234, 237, 240, 245
electron microprobe data, B:428
fragmentation, A:136
geochemistry, B:447-451
lithologic units, A:130, 143
paleoenvironment, B:483-508
paleogeography, B:414-415
photomicrograph, B:8, 405, 407, 409
shallow-water facies, B:378
X-ray diffraction data, B:427-428

carbonates, bathyal-pelagic, Oligocene, B:410, 412

carbonates, fine-grained, petrography, B:578-579

carbonates, laminated, photomicrograph, B:405

carbonates, neritic

Early Cretaceous, B:404, 406, 408
shallow-water carbonate platforms, B:404, 406, 408

carbonates, pelagic

lithofacies, B:408, 683
photograph, B:406
photomicrograph, B:407, 409, 593
Upper Cretaceous, B:408

carbonates, shallow-water, Miocene, B:419-436, 684-685

carbonates, silicified, photomicrograph, B:405

Carmel. See Mount Carmel

carotene. See beta-carotene derivative

carotenoids, sapropels, B:298-302
cells, dividing, bacteria, B:304-306

cementation

diagenesis, B:424-425, 427, 581, 583
sparry calcite, B:474

Cenomanian

hiatuses, B:522
stratigraphy, B:413
tectonic models, B:769
zoning, B:384

Cenomanian-Turonian succession, plate tectonics, B:770

ceratolith taxa, abundance, B:104

Ceratolithus rugosus, abundance, B:104

chain length, vs. alkenone sea-surface temperature, B:279-280

chalk

Aptian, B:406
biostratigraphy, B:395-401
Cretaceous, A:127; B:406
deformation, A:238-239
Messinian-Pliocene succession, B:458-459, 491
petrography, B:471
stratigraphy, B:703
tectonics, B:704

chalk, bioturbated, Formation MicroScanner, B:498

chalk, foraminifer-nannofossil

lithologic units, A:222-223
photograph, A:238-239

chalk, micritic, deformation, A:242

chalk, nannofossil

Aptian, B:406
lithofacies, B:469-471
photograph, A:237, 247-248

chalk, pelagic

lithofacies, B:408
middle Eocene, B:410
Miocene, B:690

chalk, silicified, photomicrograph, B:407

chalk clasts, lithofacies, B:469, 555

channels, lithofacies, B:554, 557

chaotic beds, photograph, A:230

chemostratigraphy, Messinian/Zanclean boundary, B:17, 21

chemosynthetic processes, mud domes, A:11

chert

diagenesis, B:408, 684
lithologic units, A:162
paleoenvironment, A:163-164
petrography, B:455

chert, black, photograph, A:238

chert, radiolarian, photomicrograph, B:592

chert nodules, photograph, A:238

chevron folding, photograph, A:308

chevron structures, deformation, A:304, 307, 310

chlorine

diagenesis, A:311
evaporites, A:69, 247, 249, 311, 366-367
pore water, A:110, 186, 391-393, 485
vs. calcium, A:254
vs. depth, A:79, 114-115, 190, 254, 314, 367, 393-395, 436-437, 486; B:571
vs. potassium, strontium, and lithium, A:115
vs. sodium, A:254, 313
See also bromine/chlorine ratio; calcium/chlorine ratio; lithium/chlorine ratio; magnesium/chlorine ratio; potassium/chlorine ratio; sodium/chlorine ratio; strontium/chlorine ratio; sulfate/chlorine ratio

chlorine/hydrogen ratio

vs. depth, A:271
See also salinity logs

chlorinity

gas hydrates, B:669
pore water, A:67

chlorins, sapropels, B:298-302

chlorite

abundance, B:241
electron microscopy, B:443-444
lithologic units, B:438
petrography, B:455
provenance, B:238
vs. depth, B:221, 223

chlorophyll

sapropels, B:298-302
See also deep chlorophyll maximum

chlorophyllone alpha, sapropels, B:298-302

cholesterol, sapropels, B:266

Chondrites

chalk, B:410
laminations, B:337-338
lithofacies, B:408
lithologic units, A:59-60, 220-223, 294, 341-342, 423
photograph, A:66, 68-69, 99, 169-171, 196, 235, 237, 299, 350-351
photomicrograph, B:342

chromium, vs. depth, B:201

chromium/aluminum ratio

sedimentation, B:213-214
vs. depth, B:210-212

chronology, lower Pleistocene, B:191-197

chronostratigraphy

Messinian/Zanclean boundary, B:115-118
Pliocene-Quaternary succession, B:161-164
Pliocene/Quaternary boundary, B:101

Cilicia Basin, tectonics, A:6

Cilicia-Adana Basin, tectonics, B:749-750

circulation, paleoceanography, A:21

clams, mud domes, A:11

clast area, vs. depth, B:628-629

clast lithology

mineralogy and composition, B:584-585
origin, B:584-586

clast size, vs. depth, A:385, 387, 428

clastic environment, sedimentation, B:563-564

clastics, carbonate-quartzose, petrography, B:579

clastics, clay-rich, petrography, B:580

clasts

carbonates, B:428-429
characteristics, A:389, 427-430
diagenesis, B:581, 583
distribution, B:602, 671, 677
halite, B:669
lithofacies, B:550-559
lithologic units, A:424, 430-431
lithology, A:400-401
mass flow units, B:468
Messinian-Pliocene succession, B:458-459, 685-686
mud breccia, A:11-14; B:598-599
mud domes, A:522-524
mud volcanoes, B:575-595
occurrence, A:445
paleogeography, B:672-673
petrography, B:471, 577-579
photograph, A:230, 245
photomicrograph, B:472-473, 591-593
Pliocene channels, B:477-478
provenance and age, B:668
structural data, A:483
See also bioclasts; biomicrite clasts; carbonate clasts; chalk clasts; crystalloclasts; intraclasts; limestone clasts; lithoclasts; mud clasts; mudstone clasts; sandstone clasts; siltstone clasts

clasts, shardlike, petrography, B:579

clathrates

mud domes, A:394, 522-524
occurrence, A:445
sediments, A:394-395
See also gas hydrates

clay

abundance, B:241
electron microscopy, B:443-444
lithologic units, A:220-222, 295, 469-471; B:438
photograph, A:230, 233-234, 298, 300
pore water, A:187
vs. depth, A:96, 164, 228, 297, 342, 385

clay, calcareous, lithologic units, A:130, 340; B:438, 454

clay, nannofossil

lithologic units, A:59, 92-93, 129-130, 220-222, 294-295, 339-340, 381, 421-423, 452-454; B:438
lithostratigraphy, A:75-76, 78
photograph, A:237, 344, 426, 455-457, 471-472, 474

clay, silty

lithologic units, A:294-296, 423-424, 427-428; B:438
photograph, A:300, 345-346, 424, 430, 474-475; B:341

clay minerals

lithologic units, A:59; B:438
matrix, B:599-600, 668
matrix composition vs. depth, B:603-604
Messinian-Pliocene succession, B:440
origin, B:586-587
sapropels, B:35, 235, 241-245
vs. depth, B:221, 223

clays. See mixed-layer clays

claystone

mud domes, A:522-524; B:668
petrography, B:577, 580
photograph, A:429

claystone, calcareous, photograph, A:477

cobalt, vs. depth, B:201

Cobb Mountain Cryptochron, magnetostratigraphy, B:64, 72

Cobblestone 3 diapiric area, mud breccia, B:602

cobblestone topography

geology, A:337
Pliocene-Quaternary succession, A:88

Coccolithus pelagicus, Zanclean abundance, B:119

Cochiti Subchron, remanent magnetization, A:179, 356-357

coercivity, magnetic intensity, A:500

collisions. See continental collisions

Collospherid group, Site 971, B:138, 149

color. See lithofacies/color ratio

color banding

deformation, A:307, 310
lithologic units, A:422, 454, 471, 474; B:438
photograph, A:97-100, 308, 343, 457, 476

color reflectance. See reflectance

compaction

deformation, A:180, 182
diagenesis, B:427

composite depths

continuous sedimentary sequences, B:37-59
depth offsets, A:113
lithology, A:95
revision, B:45, 53, 55, 57
revision procedure, B:41
section construction, B:40-41
Site 963, A:64, 66, 76
Site 964, A:106, 108
Site 966, A:182-183, 185-186
Site 967, A:242-244, 246
Site 968, A:310
Site 969, A:362-363
Site 973, A:484
splice tie points, A:78, 113, 189, 253, 366, 485

compressional tectonics

composite depths, A:363
plate tectonics, A:9-10
uplifts, B:690, 716-717

compressional wave velocity

acoustic properties, B:536-543
sediments, A:72, 83, 118, 122, 138-139, 191, 197, 254, 261, 314, 319, 371-372, 397, 401, 442-443, 460, 462, 488-489; bp:CD-ROM
vs. bulk density, B:538, 541
vs. depth, A:84, 122, 140, 198, 262, 319, 373, 463, 490
vs. dolomite, B:537-538
vs. insoluble residues, B:538
vs. porosity, B:538, 541

conductive heat, sediments, A:317

conglomerate

lithofacies, B:549-564
lithologic units, A:381-383
photograph, A:387
Pliocene channels, B:477-478
See also fanglomerate; gravel; paraconglomerate; pebbles

conglomerate, clast-supported, lithofacies, B:471

Coniacian, stratigraphy, B:412

consolidation tests, sediments, B:630-632, 637- 640

continental collisions

continental margins, A:6-10
seamounts, A:513-520; B:709-721
seamounts with active margins, B:465-481, 681-699
subsidence, B:509-515
tectonics, A:14-16; B:670-672, 772

continental margins

continental collisions, A:6-10
divergence, B:706
See also active margins; passive margins

convergent plate boundaries

evolution of seamount in relation to Eratosthenes Seamount, B:696-697, 716-717
mud volcanism, B:675-678
seamounts, A:9-10

copper, vs. depth, B:201

coral material, Miocene, B:420-421

corals

lithologic units, A:223
Miocene, B:422
photograph, B:422

corals, poritid, photomicrograph, B:424-425

cores, suck-in photograph, A:501

coring

gaps, B:52, 54, 56, 58
magnetic overprints, A:497-505

correlation

composite depths, B:42-44
composite sections, A:91, 342-344
data sets, B:40
different Mediterranean sequences, B:163
lithologic units, A:474, 476
lithology, A:94-95; B:25
Pliocene/Pleistocene nannofossil, foraminifer, Bachymayerella tenuis, and Incertae sedis, forma A zones, B:129
sapropels, B:31-33
sediments, B:220
to Singa section, B:164

corrensite, origin, B:587

Corsica, tectonics, A:15

Cretaceous

biostratigraphy, B:377-394
chalk, A:127
geology, A:291
isotope stratigraphy, B:384
lithologic units, A:222-223
planktonic foraminiferal zones vs. their thickness and sedimentation rate, B:386
planktonic foraminifers, B:378-383
sedimentation rates, B:384-386
tectonics, A:14-16
See also individual stages

Cretaceous, Lower

basement, B:734-736
neritic carbonates, B:404, 406, 408, 491, 683-684
paleoenvironment, B:500, 683-684
tectonic models, B:766, 769
Cretaceous, Lower-Middle, B:726

Cretaceous, Upper

bathyal deposition, B:408
biostratigraphy, B:395-401
collisions, A:513, 515
ophiolite, B:761, 764
paleogeography, B:672
tectonic models, B:769
tectonics, B:759

Cretaceous-Eocene succession, paleoenvironment, B:499

Cretaceous-Holocene succession, hiatuses, B:517-526

Cretaceous-Paleogene succession

sedimentology, B:403-417
subsidence, B:512

Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, hiatuses, B:384

Crete

conglomerate comparison, B:562
geology, A:337
paleoceanography, A:21-25
sandstone, B:584
tectonics, A:5-6; B:670-671
thrust sheets, B:585

crinoid ossicles

lithofacies, B:408
photomicrograph, B:409

crinoids, lithologic units, A:223

cross laminations

clasts, B:583
mud breccia, B:601
photograph, A:390
photomicrograph, B:595
See also laminations

crust

evolution of seamount in relation to Eratosthenes Seamount, B:696-697
subduction zones, B:694

crust, oceanic, tectonics, A:14-16

crystalloclasts, mud breccia, B:598, 601-602

Cungus Formation, tectonics, B:761

cyanobacteria

sapropels, B:265
See also bacteria

cyclopentenones, alkylated, sapropels, B:288

cyclostratigraphy

calcareous plankton, B:155-165
geochemistry, B:208-211
middle Pliocene, B:219-226
sapropels, B:193-195

Cyprus

comparison of mass flow units, B:474, 476-480
crust, B:727, 768
crust fragmentation, B:695, 713
fanglomerate, B:545-566
flexure, B:513
Messinian gypsum, B:459-460

Cyprus E, tectonics, B:750-759

Cyprus S

basement, B:741, 743-749
Cretaceous tectonics, B:704-705
Cretaceous-Paleogene succession, B:412-413
diagenesis of Miocene reefs, B:431
lower Miocene reefs, B:430-431
uplifts, B:690-691
upper Miocene reefs, B:431

Cyprus SE, tectonics, B:751-753

Cyprus W

lithofacies, B:477
plate boundary, B:731-736

Cyprus margin

geology, A:126-127, 142-143, 196-197, 199, 263-267, 290-291, 324-326; B:682-683, 686
Messinian nonmarine deposition, B:437-445
oceanic crust, B:729
paleoenvironment, B:453-463
plate tectonics, A:5-6, 8-10, 515-520; B:465-481, 717-720

Cyprus Trench, tectonics, B:750-751

Cyprus-Latakia Link zone, tectonics, B:754-756

Cyrenaica Peninsula, tectonics, A:6; B:670

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debris flows

carbonates, B:458, 687
cobblestone topography, A:88

deformation, A:180, 182, 242

Formation MicroScanner logs, B:619
lithologic units, A:381-383, 423-424, 427-428
lithology, A:400
mud breccia, A:12-14; B:600, 677
mud domes, A:524
occurrence, A:445
paleoenvironment, A:162-164
photograph, A:183, 245, 390, 428
photomicrograph, B:472-473
structural data, A:136
See also gravity flows; mass flow deposits; mud flows; slumping

décollement zone

geology, A:337, 451; B:677
mud matrix, B:587-588
seamounts, B:693

deep chlorophyll maximum, Zanclean, B:119-120

deformation

evaporites, A:14-16, 517
faults, A:104-106
lithologic units, A:234-235, 238-242
lithostratigraphy, A:179-180, 182
mud breccia, B:600
photograph, A:229, 247-249
photomicrograph, B:594
seamounts, B:688-690
tectonics, A:56-58; B:704

degassing, geology, A:378-379

degradation

organic matter, A:67, 108, 110, 247, 310-311, 363
sapropels, B:274

demagnetization

magnetic intensity, A:500-501; B:60
vectors, A:72, 105, 178, 243, 358; B:63, 65-67, 69

demagnetization, thermal, intensity-decay curves, B:66, 68

density, vs. depth, A:84, 319, 372, 401, 403, 441, 462, 489; B:539-540

density, bulk

Pliocene-Quaternary succession, B:228
vs. compressional wave velocity, B:538, 541
vs. depth, A:122, 140, 144-145, 197-198, 200-202, 261-262, 264-266, 319, 325-326, 373, 443, 463, 490
vs. porosity, B:541

density, GRAPE, sediments, A:71-72, 118, 138, 191, 254, 314, 371, 397, 442, 444, 460, 487

density, index property, vs. depth, A:140, 198, 262

density, method C, vs. depth, A:84

density, wet-bulk, vs. depth, A:83

density correction logs, vs. depth, A:144-145, 200, 208-210, 264-266, 325-326, 446

density logs

vs. depth, A:270, 327, 408, 446
See also gamma ray-density-porosity logs; lithodensity logs

deposition

basins, B:456-457
carbonates, B:428-429
clast lithology, B:584-585
clasts, B:586
controls, B:433-434
history, A:130-132, 223-224, 344, 476-477
mass flow deposits, B:478-480
models, A:134
paleoenvironment, A:96-97, 100, 102-103, 162-164, 296-297, 303, 454
sapropels, A:24

deposition, nonmarine, Messinian, B:437-445

depth intervals, well-logs, A:142, 199, 263, 322, 404, 445, 491

des-A-triterpinoids, sapropels, B:287, 289

Dhekelia, fanglomerate, B:555-556

Dhiarizos Group

basement, B:735
tectonics, B:704-705

di-unsaturated cyclized isorenieratene derivative, mass spectra, B:291

di-unsaturated isorenieratane derivative, mass spectra, B:291

diachroneity, cyclostratigraphy, B:195

diagenesis

carbonates, A:67, 69, 110, 188, 311, 363, 366; B:423-425, 427
chalk, B:406, 408
clasts, B:581, 583
mass flow units, B:474
matrix, B:587
photograph, A:99, 185, 457
photomicrograph, B:426, 472-473, 475
provenance of trace elements, B:202
remanent magnetization, A:177, 179
sapropels, B:31-33, 257, 274, 289
secondary minerals, B:408
sediments, A:438
See also alteration; authigenesis; cementation; compaction; dolomitization; pyritization; recrystallization; remineralization; silicification; sulfidization

diapiric structures

mud volcanoes, B:597-605
plate boundary, B:731
structural data, A:383-385

diapirism

geology, A:378-379
mud domes, A:10-14
mud volcanism, B:675-678
See also mud diapirism; mud volcanism

diatom frustules

lithologic units, A:423
See also frustules

diatom mats

paleoecology, B:357-358
preservation, B:144-145

diatoms

biostratigraphy, A:435
electron microscopy, B:355, 357, 361-363
occurrence, A:445; B:356
opal, B:338
paleoecology, B:357-358
photograph, A:426
sapropels, B:34, 335, 340
diffusion, iron, B:256

dinoflagellates, sapropels, B:289

dinostanol, sapropels, B:289

dinosterol, sapropels, B:266, 287, 289

diols, sapropels, B:264-265, 276, 287

dip

deformation, A:304, 307, 310
fault planes, A:108
faults and fractures, A:185
Formation MicroScanner logs, B:504, 618-620
inclination, B:59
microfaults, A:183, 247, 308, 360
normal faults, B:647-649
seamounts, B:688-689
sediments, B:613
structural data, A:358-359

Discoaster asymmetricus

abundance, B:107
acme, B:94

Discoaster pentaradiatus, paracme, B:104, 107

Discoaster spp.

abundance, B:105-106
abundance of selected species, B:86-87, 90- 91
Zanclean abundance, B:118-119

Discoaster surculus, last appearance datum, B:94

Discoaster tamalis

abundance, B:107, 220
acme, B:94
paracme, B:107

Discoaster triradiatus, increase, B:107-108

Discoaster variabilis, biostratigraphic events, B:94

disconformities, Pliocene-Quaternary succession, A:157

discontinuities, photograph, A:308

dissection, lithofacies, B:554

dissolution

carbonates, B:231, 234, 237, 240, 245
diagenesis, B:425
gypsum, B:370
moats, B:500-501
opal, B:358-359
photomicrograph, B:475
provenance of trace elements, B:203-204
radiolarians and silicoflagellates, B:144-145
See also pressure dissolution

dissolution porosity

photograph, B:422-423
photomicrograph, B:426

dolomite

degree of order vs. depth, B:449, 965
diagenesis, B:429
electron microprobe data, B:428
lithologic units, A:296; B:438-439, 442
petrography, B:456
photomicrograph, B:8, 506
sediments, B:447-448, 581
vs. compressional wave velocity, B:537-538
vs. depth, B:449, 965
vs. strontium, B:450
X-ray diffraction data, B:427-428, 474
See also calcite/dolomite ratio

dolomitization

diagenesis, B:429
pore water, B:450

downhole measurements

paleoenvironment, B:483-508
physical properties, B:535-543
Site 965, A:141-142
Site 966, A:192, 194-196
Site 967, A:255, 258-263
Site 968, A:321-324
Site 970, A:399
Site 971, A:444-445
Site 973, A:489-491

drilling, normal faults, A:507-511

drilling disturbance, mass flow units, B:468-469

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earthquakes, tectonics, A:5-6

East Anatolian Fault, tectonics, A:6; B:758, 771, 774-775

eccentricity, sapropels, B:33

echinoderm spines, photomicrograph, B:426

echinoderms, Miocene, B:423

echinoids

accumulation rates, B:231-232, 234, 237, 240
lithologic units, A:161

Egypt, Miocene-Pliocene succession, B:498

electron microprobe data

carbonates, B:428
sediments, B:609-610
emergence, mass flow deposits, B:478

Emilian

calcareous plankton, B:155-165
See also Santernian/Emilian boundary

Eocene

biostratigraphy, B:395-401
carbonates, B:458
collisions, A:513, 515
lithologic units, A:162, 222-223
planktonic foraminifers, B:379
stratigraphy, B:412-413
tectonics, B:748, 763-764, 776
zoning, B:384
See also Cretaceous-Eocene succession; Jurassic-Eocene succession; Paleocene-lower Eocene succession

Eocene, lower, tectonic models, B:771-772

Eocene, middle, pelagic chalk, B:410

Eocene, middle-late

plate tectonics, B:772
tectonic models, B:772-773

Eocene-Miocene succession, seamount shallowing, B:496, 498-499

Eratosthenes Moat, depressions, B:500-501

Eratosthenes Seamount

acoustic properties, B:535-543
basement, B:741
bathymetry, A:6-10
biostratigraphy, B:10, 13, 83-98, 377-394
carbonate geochemistry, B:447-451
collisions, A:513-520; B:681-699, 709-721
continental fragment, B:730
crust, B:727
depositional model, B:434
Eocene-Upper Cretaceous, B:395-401
geology, A:126-127, 142-143, 157, 196-197, 199, 217-218, 263-267; B:742
hiatuses, B:517-526
lithofacies, B:403-417
mass flow deposits, B:465-481
Messinian, B:457-459
Miocene carbonates, B:419-436
normal faults, B:645-661
paleoceanography, B:701-708
paleoenvironment, B:453-463, 483-508
plate tectonics, A:8-10
sapropels, B:207-217, 242-244
sedimentology, B:3-4, 403-417
structure, B:702-703
subsidence, B:509-515
tectonic models, B:691-697
tectonics, B:527-534, 773

Eratosthenes Seamount-Cyprus transect, drilling, A:5-10

erosion

gaps, B:53, 59
lithofacies, B:551, 558-559
lithologic units, A:471
mass flow deposits, B:478-479
tectonics, B:704

erosion, differential, photograph, A:472-473

erosional surfaces

lithofacies, B:552
structural data, A:358-359

eruptions, mud volcanoes, B:588

ethane

sediments, A:395
See also methane/ethane ratio

Euboea, conglomerate comparison, B:562

Eurasia

plate tectonics, A:5-6; B:688
See also African-Eurasian plate boundary

eustacy

sedimentation, B:563-564
See also glacioeustacy; isostasy; sea-level changes

Eustigmatophyceae, sapropels, B:276, 289

euxinia

organic matter, B:285-295
See also anoxia; photic zone

evaporation, isotopic stratigraphy, B:178-179

evaporites

clasts, B:669
fluxes, A:69, 113, 366-367
geology, A:337
indicators, A:311
lithology, A:247, 249
Messinian, A:14-16, 87-88, 451, 466-467; B:368-370, 673-674, 677, 734
Messinian-Pliocene succession, B:441, 458-459, 716, 718-720
moats, B:500-501
mud, A:13-14

Evvia, conglomerate comparison, B:563

extensional tectonics, plate tectonics, A:9-10

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fabric

burrows, A:186
deformation, A:180, 182
mousselike, A:428
photograph, A:186, 247, 428
photomicrograph, B:342, 344, 346
See also microfabric

Famagusta-Hatay Unit, tectonics, B:753-756

fan faulting, photograph, A:309

fanglomerate, deposition, B:545-566, 746

Fanglomerate F1 and F2, lithofacies, B:549, 556-557, 560-562

Fanglomerate F3, lithofacies, B:550, 557, 560-562

Fanglomerate F4, lithofacies, B:550-551, 557-562

Fanglomerate Group, uplifts, B:545-566

fatty acids. See lipids; n-fatty acids

fault planes

deformation, A:106, 307, 310
dip, A:108
structural data, A:64
tensors, A:110

faults

deformation, A:104-106, 143, 180, 182, 234-235, 238-242
dip, A:185
gaps, B:53, 59
mass flow deposits, B:478-479
mud volcanoes, B:641-642
photograph, A:229
Pliocene-Quaternary succession, A:157, 518; B:716
projection, A:244, 310
rotation, A:310
seamounts, B:688-689
strain, B:521
structural data, A:458
tectonics, B:704
vs. depth, A:244
See also fan faulting; microfaults; normal faults; overthrusting; reverse faults; strike-slip faults; thrust faults; underthrusting

faults, block, hiatuses, B:524

faults, extensional

debris flows, B:476
moats, B:500-501, 694
seamounts, B:692

faults, high-angle, photograph, A:109

feldspar

matrix, B:599
photomicrograph, B:592
See also individual minerals

feldspar grains, photomicrograph, B:591

fibrous grains, photomicrograph, B:472

fish debris, sediments, B:230, 233, 236, 239

flexure, subsidence, B:513

floatstone

Formation MicroScanner, B:493
lithofacies, B:495

Florence Rise

geology, A:337; B:775
lithofacies, B:459
Miocene-Pliocene succession, B:478
offshore geology, B:736-737
tectonics, A:6

Florisphaera profunda, Zanclean abundance, B:118

fluid flow, model, A:320

fluid pressure, mudstone, B:588

fluvial environment, lithofacies, B:560

folding

Pliocene-Quaternary succession, A:157
See also chevron folding

foraminifers

abundance, B:22
electron microscopy, B:445
lithologic units, A:160-162
Messinian-Pliocene, B:441
Miocene, B:420-423
petrography, B:471
photograph, A:97, 476
photomicrograph, B:506, 508, 658
sapropels, A:95-96
sediments, B:457
stratigraphy, B:703
vs. depth, A:96, 164, 228, 342, 385

foraminifers, benthic

accumulation rates, B:231-232, 234, 237, 240
biostratigraphy, A:135, 176, 353-355; B:13-14, 16, 17
photomicrograph, B:407, 424
Pliocene distribution and abundance, B:18, 20
sediments, B:230, 233, 236, 239
foraminifers, planktonic
accumulation rates, B:231-232, 234, 237, 240
biostratigraphy, A:61-62, 101-102, 134-135, 175-176, 230-231, 302, 353, 387, 389-390, 434-435, 457-458, 478-479; B:10, 13-14, 17, 129-131, 156-157, 379-394
diagenesis, B:581, 583
electron microscopy, B:357, 361
Messinian and Zanclean distribution and abundance, B:16, 19
photomicrograph, B:407, 409, 424, 593
Pliocene distribution and abundance, B:16, 19
Pliocene-Quaternary abundance, B:158-160
sediments, B:230, 233, 236, 239
size fraction and stable isotopes, B:13-15
stable isotopes, B:170-177
stratigraphic list, A:102, 135, 177, 242, 303, 356, 480

Formation MicroScanner logs

bedding and fractures, B:521
bioturbated chalk, B:498
brecciated limestone, B:498
correlation with lithostratigraphy, B:607-624

floatstone, B:493

grainstone, B:493
gypsum, B:496
Messinian breccia, B:493
Miocene/Eocene unconformities, B:494
tectonics, B:527-534
vs. depth, A:146-147, 203-205, 211-213, 267-269, 278-281

fractionation, stable isotopes, B:449-450

fractures

deformation, A:239-241
dip, A:185
Formation MicroScanner logs, B:521, 612-623
frequency with depth, A:183
orientation, B:529
photograph, A:132, 239, 248, 429
photomicrograph, B:506
seamounts, B:688-689
structural data, B:520
vs. depth, A:244

fragmentation

carbonates, A:136
diagenesis, B:427
mudstone, B:588, 598

framboids, lithologic units, A:59

friction angle

sediment fabric and composition, B:659-660
vs. water content, B:660

frustules. See diatom frustules

frustules, rhizosolenid, photomicrograph, B:342, 346

furans, alkylated, sapropels, B:288

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gadolinium logs, vs. depth, A:285-287

gamma ray-density-porosity logs

Site 966, A:208-210
Site 967, A:274-277
Site 968, A:330-331
Site 970, A:410-411
Site 971, A:449
vs. depth, A:150-151

gamma ray-resistivity-sonic logs

Site 966, A:211-213
Site 967, A:278-281
Site 968, A:332-333
Site 970, A:412-413
Site 971, A:449
Site 973, A:494
vs. depth, A:152-153

gamma rays

sediments, A:73, 118, 139, 191, 254, 316, 372, 461, 488
vs. depth, A:84, 123, 140, 148, 198, 200-206, 262, 264-270, 274-284, 320, 373, 463, 490

gamma-ray logs

lithology, B:485, 487
vs. depth, A:200-206, 208-213, 264-271, 274-284, 323-324, 327, 404-408, 446-447, 491

gas hydrates

chlorinity, B:669
mud domes, A:522-524
pore water, A:187; B:569-574
See also clathrates

gases

occurrence, A:445
sediments, A:394-395

gastropods

lithologic units, A:162
Messinian-Pliocene succession, B:441
photomicrograph, B:473

Gauss Chron

remanent magnetization, A:104, 136
See also Gilbert/Gauss boundary

Gauss/Matuyama boundary

magnetostratigraphy, B:67
remanent magnetization, A:233-234, 356

geanticlines, tectonic models, B:775

Gela Basin, tectonics, A:56-57

Gela Nappe, tectonics, A:56-57

Gelasian

calcareous plankton, B:155-165
See also Piacenzian/Gelasian boundary

Gelendzhik Rise, tectonics, B:751-753

geochemical logs

gypsum, A:263

vs. depth, A:144-147, 150-151, 200-202, 208-210, 260-261, 264-271, 274-277, 282-287, 323-324, 404-408, 446-447, 491
geochemistry
carbonates, B:447-451
sapropels, B:199-217

geochemistry, inorganic

Site 963, A:67, 69
Site 964, A:108, 110, 113
Site 966, A:185-188
Site 967, A:246-247, 249-250
Site 968, A:310-313
Site 969, A:363, 366-367
Site 970, A:390-394
Site 971, A:435-437
Site 973, A:484-485

geochemistry, organic

Site 963, A:69-71
Site 964, A:113, 115-117
Site 965, A:136-137
Site 966, A:188-190
Site 967, A:250-252
Site 968, A:313
Site 969, A:367-371
Site 970, A:394-396
Site 971, A:437-439
Site 972, A:459-460
Site 973, A:485-487

geologic maps, Kyrenia Range, B:747

geological setting

Site 963, A:56-58
Site 964, A:87-88
Site 965, A:126-127
Site 966, A:157
Site 967, A:217-218
Site 968, A:290-291
Site 969, A:336-337
Site 970, A:378-379
Site 971, A:416-417
Site 972, A:451
Site 973, A:466-467

geophysics, tectonics, A:5-6

geothermal gradient

organic matter, B:318-319
vs. depth, A:148, 206, 321-322

Gephyrocapsa sp., Pleistocene, B:191-197

Gephyrocapsa sp. 3, distribution pattern, B:108

Gilbert Chron, remanent magnetization, A:179

Gilbert/Gauss boundary, remanent magnetization, A:234, 356-357

glacial environment, deposition, A:102

glacial/interglacial cycles, sapropels, A:21, 23-24

glaciation

isotopic stratigraphy, B:178-179
sedimentation, B:563-564

glacioeustacy

uplifts, B:733
See also eustacy; isostasy; sea-level changes

glauconite

diagenesis, B:408
Miocene, B:420, 423

glauconite grains, clasts, B:599

glauconite pellets, origin, B:587

Globigerina bulloides

abundance, B:22
stable isotopes, B:170-177

Globigerinoides obliquus, size fraction and stable isotopes, B:13-15

Globigerinoides spp.

abundance, B:22
Pliocene-Quaternary succession abundance, B:157, 162

Gondwana

continental margins, A:6-10; B:670, 682-683, 706
tectonic models, B:775
tectonics, A:56

grabens, quadrilateral, seamounts, B:691-692

grabens, uplifts, B:733

graded bedding

deformation, A:238-239
lithostratigraphy, A:75-76, 78

grading

petrography, B:580
sediments, B:612, 614

grain size

mud volcanoes, B:628-630, 638
normal faults, B:650, 657
sapropels, B:235, 241
sediments, B:13-15
vs. depth, B:628-629

grainstone

Formation MicroScanner imagery, B:493
lithofacies, B:476-477, 495
lithology, A:143, 196
Miocene, B:420-436
photograph, B:422
photomicrograph, B:508
X-ray diffraction data, B:427-428

gravel

gases, B:588
See also pebbles

gravel, polymictic

Formation MicroScanner logs, B:614-615
lithologic units, A:381-383
photograph, A:388

gravity anomalies, seamounts, A:8-10

gravity flows

mud breccia, B:600
turbidites, B:687
See also debris flows

Greece

crust fragmentation, B:695
tectonics, B:683

Guzelsu Unit, tectonics, B:750, 770

gypsarenite, photograph, A:300

gypsum

deposition, A:224
electron microscopy, B:445
Formation MicroScanner, B:496

geology, A:290; B:459-460, 746

indicators, A:250, 311, 324-326
lithologic units, A:59, 471, 474; B:440, 454
Messinian, A:515-516; B:458-462, 491, 686
Messinian-Pliocene succession, B:458
photograph, A:476-477, 483
photomicrograph, B:122
sedimentology, B:3-8, 366, 368, 774
strontium/calcium ratio, A:263
structural data, A:483

gypsum, alabastrine, photograph, A:300

gypsum, authigenic, formation, B:368-370

H   Haddim Nappes, lithofacies, B:772

Halete volcanic unit, tectonics, B:763-764, 766

halite

clasts, A:431; B:613, 669
mud matrix, B:587-588
photograph, A:429
sediments, B:581

Hatay

ophiolite, B:760, 769
See also Famagusta-Hatay Unit

Hazar Group, tectonics, B:761

Hazro Inlier, tectonics, B:761, 766

heat flow

deformation, A:242
evaporites, A:366-367
Site 968, A:317-320
Site 969, A:373-374
Site 972, A:461

Hecataeus Ridge, lineaments, B:750-751

Hecataeus-Latakia Unit, tectonics, B:753

Helicosphaera sellii, abundance, B:104

Hellenic Trench

geology, A:379
paleoenvironment, B:500
tectonics, A:5-6; B:670-671

hematite

photograph, A:344
remanent magnetization, A:177, 179

Herodotus Abyssal Plain, geology, A:337

hexane, biomarkers, B:352

hiatuses

Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, B:384
mud breccia, A:11-14, 516-517
remanent magnetization, A:136
tectonics, A:56-58
Upper Cretaceous-Holocene succession, B:517-526, 683-688
See also unconformities

Hilarion Limestone, tectonics, B:749

Holocene

plate tectonics, B:706, 716-718
tectonic models, B:775
See also Cretaceous-Holocene succession; Pliocene-Quaternary succession; Quaternary; Tertiary-Holocene succession

hot spots, uplifts, B:690

Hoyran. See Beysehir-Hoyran Nappes

Hyalinea baltica, biostratigraphy, A:61-62

Hyblean Plateau, tectonics, A:16

hydraulic conductivity, mud volcanoes, B:638

hydrocarbons

biomarkers, B:352
gases, A:397
headspace data, A:80, 460, 487
mass spectra of unknown bicyclic C25 compounds, B:277
mud domes, A:524
sapropels, B:263-268, 289
vs. retention time, A:439

hydrocarbons, aromatic, sapropels, B:287-288

hydrocarbons, non-aromatic

gas chromatograms, B:276
retention times and Kovats retention indices, B:274-275

hydrocarbons, volatile

sediments, A:69, 113, 136, 188, 250, 313, 367, 394-395, 437-439, 459, 485
hydrogen. See chlorine/hydrogen ratio

hydrogen/(silicon + calcium) ratio

vs. depth, A:271
See also porosity logs

hydrogen index

sapropels, B:273-274
sediments, A:137, 189, 251, 396
vs. organic carbon, A:195, 260, 370; B:275
vs. oxygen index, B:274

hydrographic fronts, sapropels, B:34

hydrothermal vents, provenance of trace elements, B:202

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igneous rocks, chloritized, photomicrograph, B:592

igneous rocks, extrusive, photomicrograph, B:592

illite

abundance, B:241
Formation MicroScanner logs, B:619
lithologic units, B:438
matrix, B:599, 614
origin, B:587
provenance, B:238
sediments, B:221
See also kaolinite/illite ratio; smectite/illite ratio

imbrication zone, tectonics, B:763

impedance, vs. depth, B:539-540

Incertae sedis, forma A

new forms, B:128
Pliocene-Quaternary succession, B:125-135
vs. planktonic foraminifer and calcareous nannofossil zones, B:126-128

indenes, alkylated, sapropels, B:288

index properties

acoustic properties, B:537
nannofossil ooze, B:636
sediments, A:71, 82, 118, 121, 138-139, 191, 197, 252, 254, 261, 313-314, 318, 371-372, 396-397, 400, 441-442, 460, 462, 489; B:634-636; bp:CD-ROM
vs. depth, A:197, 261, 319

Inner Deformation Front

geology, A:374
mud volcanism, B:669-670

insolation

paleoclimatology, B:327-328
sapropels, B:31, 33, 194-195
See also orbital insolation

insoluble residues, vs. compressional wave velocity, B:538

internal friction, sediment fabric and composition, B:659-660

interstitial waters. See pore water

intraclasts

Miocene, B:423
photomicrograph, B:425, 473

Ionian Basin

paleoceanography, B:38
paleoclimatology, B:219-226
sapropel geochemistry, B:315-317
sapropels, A:118, 120; B:207-217, 242-244

Ionian (Messina) Abyssal Plain

geology, A:118, 120, 337, 451, 461, 466-467
tectonics, A:87-88

Ionian Sea

Messinian gypsum, B:459
tectonics, A:14-16

Ionian Zone, subduction, B:759

Iraq, Miocene carbonates, B:432-433

iron

addition via diffusion, B:256
carbonates, B:448
enrichment, B:255
imbalance between sulfide production and iron addition, B:256-257
iron sulfide formation, B:256
relation to organic carbon, B:255-256
sediment chemistry, B:249-259
sources, mobility, and fixation, B:255-256
storage, B:253-257
vs. depth, B:252
vs. NaCl-extracted sulfur, B:253
vs. organic carbon, B:255

iron/aluminum ratio, vs. depth, B:200, 210, 212

iron hydroxides, oxidation, B:254-255

iron minerals, reactivity, B:254-255

iron oxide logs, vs. depth, A:285-287

iron oxides, organic matter, A:67

iron sulfide, imbalance between sulfide production and iron addition, B:256-257

Isali Formation, tectonics, B:757, 759

Iskenderun Basin, tectonics, A:6; B:757

iso-alkanes, sediments, A:438

iso-butane, sediments, A:438

iso-loliolide, sapropels, B:287

isomers. See alcohol isomers

isoprenoids, sapropels, B:264

isoprenoids, aryl, sapropels, B:288

isorenieratane

mass spectra, B:287, 291

sapropels, B:287-290

See also di-unsaturated cyclized isorenieratene derivative

isorenieratene

gas chromatograms, B:287, 289-290, 292
See also di-unsaturated cyclized isorenieratene derivative

isostasy

sedimentation, B:563-564, 691
uplifts, B:691
See also eustacy; glacioeustacy; sea-level changes

isotopic stratigraphy

calcareous plankton, B:159, 167-180
Cretaceous, B:384

Isparta Angle

carbonate platforms, B:741
onshore geology, B:738-741, 770-771

Israel

margin geology, B:729
Miocene carbonates, B:432-433

Italy

paleoceanography, A:21-25
sapropel age, B:187, 191-197

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Jaramillo Subchron

magnetostratigraphy, B:64, 72
remanent magnetization, A:63, 78, 104, 136, 356, 458, 481

Jurassic

tectonic models, B:766, 769
See also Triassic-Jurassic succession

Jurassic-Eocene succession, paleogeography, B:414

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Kaena Subchron

magnetostratigraphy, B:67
remanent magnetization, A:179, 234, 357

Kafr El Sheik Formation, sediments, B:496

Kakkaristra Formation, lithofacies, B:553

Kalagrai-Ardana Unit, lithofacies, B:772

Kannaviou Formation, basement, B:734, 769-770

Kantara Limestone, tectonics, B:749, 766

kaolinite

electron microscopy, B:443
lithologic units, A:295; B:438
matrix, B:599
origin, B:586-587
provenance, B:238
sediments, B:581
vs. depth, B:221, 223

kaolinite/illite ratio, sediments, B:235, 242-244

kaolinite/smectite ratio, sediments, B:235, 242- 244

Karadere Unit, tectonics, B:749, 763-764, 766, 772

Karatas Formation, tectonics, B:757, 759

Keban Platform, tectonics, B:761, 770

kerogen, sapropels, B:273, 288-290, 292

keto-ols, sapropels, B:287

ketols, sapropels, B:264-265

ketones

bitumens, A:117, 189, 251
gas chromatograms, B:278
sapropels, B:275-276

ketones, methyl, sapropels, B:288

Khalassa sub-basin, Messinian gypsum, B:459-460

Kilani Formation, Oligocene, B:744

Killan Unit, tectonics, B:763, 772

Kithrea Fault, tectonics, B:746, 773

Kithrea Flysch, tectonics, B:746, 748-749

Kiti Unit, tectonics, B:753

Kocali ophiolite, tectonics, B:769

Kopru Basin, tectonics, B:749-750

Koronia Formation, geology, A:291

Koronia Member, limestone, B:476

Kovats retention indices, hydrocarbons, B:274

Kumluca Zone, geology, B:738

Kurd Dagh, ophiolite, B:760

Kyrenia Range

Cretaceous-Paleogene succession, B:412-413, 746, 748-749
fanglomerate, B:560-562
tectonics, A:6; B:691, 765-766, 769, 771-775

Kyrenia-Misis Lineament, tectonics, B:756

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Lago Mare facies

carbonates, B:494
Messinian-Pliocene, B:441
paleoenvironment, B:18-22

laminations

composition, B:337
gases, B:588
lithofacies, B:408
lithologic units, A:220-223, 340-342
mudstone, B:577
photograph, A:66, 98, 229, 237-248, 299, 347, 350, 388; B:406
photomicrograph, B:342, 344, 346, 348
preservation, B:337-338
sapropels, A:95-96; B:335, 339
sedimentary structures, B:471
structural data, A:136
See also cross laminations; pseudolaminations

laminations, planar, photomicrograph, B:595

laminations, rhizosolenid, electron microscopy, B:355, 357, 361-363

Lampedusa Formation, Miocene carbonates, B:433

Langhian, deposition, B:433-434

Latakia. See Cyprus-Latakia Link zone; Hecataeus-Latakia Unit

Latakia Basin

lineaments, B:750-751, 774
tectonics, B:750-759

Latakia Ridge, lineaments, B:750-751

lateral flow

ammonium, A:311, 313
geochemistry, A:250

Lefkara Formation

Cretaceous-Paleogene succession, B:413
geology, A:199, 291; B:456-457, 462, 690-691, 734, 743, 773
lithofacies, B:474, 476
petrography, B:455

leiospheres, laminations, B:338

Levant. See also North Africa-Levant passive margin

Levant Basin

bathymetry, A:6-10
paleoceanography, B:38
sapropel geochemistry, B:311
tectonics, A:5-6, 374; B:703-704, 750-760, 767, 774-776

Levant margin

Cretaceous-Paleogene succession, B:412
geology, B:729, 766-767
Miocene carbonates, B:432-433
Miocene-Pliocene succession, B:498
paleoenvironment, B:500

Levant Sea, crust, B:727

Lice Formation, tectonics, B:761, 763

Limassol Forest Ophiolite

lithofacies, B:558, 743
Miocene, B:690
sources, B:455

limestone

photomicrograph, B:472-473
See also biocalcarenite; biomicrite; biosparite; calcarenite; calcilutite; calcirudite; calciturbidite; micrite; pelsparite

limestone, bioclastic

mud breccia, B:603
photograph, B:422-423
photomicrograph, B:424-425

limestone, bituminous

composition, A:190, 197
lithologic units, A:223

limestone, brecciated, lithologic units, A:223

limestone, brecciated, shallow-water

Formation MicroScanner logs, B:498

limestone, dolomitized, paleoenvironment, B:500

limestone, lithified, photograph, B:422-423

limestone, micritic

lithologic units, A:222
mass flow units, B:467

limestone, pelletal, photomicrograph, B:472

limestone, recrystallized, lithologic units, A:130

limestone, shallow-water

basement, B:735
lithologic units, A:161-162, 223

limestone breccia, lithologic units, A:161

limestone clasts

lithofacies, B:469-471, 555
mass flow units, B:467
Messinian-Pliocene succession, B:458-459

limestone pebbles

mass flow units, B:467
photomicrograph, B:472

lineaments

basement, B:734-736, 743
geology, B:690-691
tectonics, B:748-749, 754-756

lineaments, submarine, ridges, B:750-751

lineations, mud domes, A:12-14

Linosa Graben, tectonics, A:73

lipids

organic matter, B:34, 267-268, 280
partial gas chromatograms, B:288
polar and apolar fraction, B:289, 294-295
See also n-fatty acids

lipids, marine, sapropels, B:268

lipids, terrestrial, sapropels, B:265

litharenite

lithology, A:400
mud breccia, B:601
petrography, B:577

lithic wackes, mud breccia, B:601

lithification, deformation, A:180, 182, 238-242

lithium

evaporites, A:69, 113
lateral flow, A:250, 313
pore water, A:437, 485
vs. chloride and bromide, A:115
vs. depth, A:79, 114, 190, 253, 312, 336, 394-396, 436-437, 487

lithium/chlorine ratio, vs. depth, A:255, 396; B:572

lithoclasts

mud breccia, B:598, 600
petrography, B:456, 577, 579
petrography and mineralogy, B:455
solution porosity, B:474

lithodensity logs, vs. depth, A:144-145

lithofacies

fanglomerate, B:548-562
late Miocene, B:434

lithologic units, A:340

mass flow units, B:469-471
Messinian-Pliocene succession, B:458-462
mud breccia, B:600
paleoenvironment, B:453-463
photograph, B:552-553
sediments, B:613
tectonics, B:403-417
vs. depth, B:490

lithofacies/color ratio, carbonates, B:439

lithologic units

deformation, A:179-180, 182, 234-235, 238-242
Site 963, A:59-60
Site 964, A:92-93
Site 965, A:129-130
Site 966, A:160-162
Site 967, A:220-223
Site 968, A:294-296
Site 969, A:339-340
Site 970, A:381-383
Site 971, A:421-430
Site 972, A:452-454
Site 973, A:469-474
structural data, B:520
Unit I, A:59, 92-93, 129-130, 160-161, 220-222, 294-295, 339-340, 381, 421-423, 452-454, 469-471
Unit II, A:130, 161, 222, 295, 340, 382-383, 423-424, 427-428, 430, 471, 474; B:438
Unit III, A:130, 161-162, 222-223, 296; B:438-441
Unit IV, A:162, 223

lithology

mud breccia, B:598-600
paleoenvironment, B:485

lithology logs

vs. depth, A:271
See also silicon/(silicon + calcium) ratio

lithoporosity logs, vs. depth, A:144-145, 446

lithostratigraphy

correlation with physical properties, A:254-255, 317, 461, 488-489; B:627-643
correlation with well-log units, A:194-196, 258, 260-263, 321, 323-324, 399
mass flow units, B:467-469
mud domes, A:523
Site 963, A:59-60
Site 964, A:90-100
Site 965, A:129-132; B:487, 489-490
Site 966, A:160-164; B:485-487, 490
Site 967, A:220-224, 264-267; B:488-492
Site 968, A:293-298, 324-326
Site 969, A:338-344
Site 970, A:381-385
Site 971, A:420-431
Site 972, A:452-454
Site 973, A:468-477

loliolide

sapropels, B:287, 289
See also iso-loliolide

Lycian Nappes

carbonate platforms, B:741
tectonics, B:750

lycopane, sapropels, B:287, 289

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"M" reflector

mass flow units, B:465-466
Messinian, A:515-516
structures, A:466-467
Maastrichtian
biostratigraphy, B:400
hiatuses, B:522-523
Neotethys, B:726
stratigraphy, B:412-413
tectonic models, B:769-771, 776
zoning, B:384
See also Campanian-Maastrichtian succession

Madara Formation, sand, B:584

Maden Formation, tectonics, B:749, 761, 763-764, 772

Maghrebian thrust sheets, tectonics, A:15

magnesium

carbonates, A:67, 69; B:448
diagenesis, A:188
lateral flow, A:250
pore water, A:113, 392, 485
vs. depth, A:80, 114, 192, 255, 314, 367, 394-396, 437, 487
X-ray fluorescence data in carbonates, B:450
See also calcium/magnesium ratio

magnesium/aluminum ratio

vs. depth, B:210-212
vs. potassium/aluminum ratio, B:213

magnesium/chlorine ratio, vs. depth, A:256, 314, 487; B:572

magnetic anomalies, seamounts, A:8-10; B:711

magnetic declination, vs. depth, A:304, 503-504

magnetic inclination

histogram, B:70
vs. depth, A:72-73, 104-106, 136, 178, 180, 243-244, 304, 358, 392, 435, 458, 481, 498, 503-504; B:64, 66-67, 70, 72
vs. magnetic intensity, B:70

magnetic intensity

correlation with reflectance and lithology, A:95
vs. depth, A:72, 104, 136, 178, 243, 304, 357, 392, 435, 458, 481, 498, 503-504; B:77-79
vs. magnetic inclination, B:70
magnetic overprints, coring-induced, techniques, A:497-505

magnetic polarity

depth of boundaries, A:179
magnetostratigraphy, B:64-72
remanent magnetization, A:103-104, 233-234, 303-304, 390

magnetic properties, sapropels, B:75-82

magnetic susceptibility

composite depths, A:66
correlation with reflectance and lithology, A:95
sediments, A:72-73, 118, 139, 191, 254, 314, 371-372, 460, 488
vs. depth, A:72, 77, 84, 112, 123, 136, 140, 188-189, 198, 203-205, 252, 262, 311, 320, 365, 373, 392, 435, 458, 460, 481, 485, 490

magnetic susceptibility, volumetric, vs. depth, B:77-79

magnetostratigraphic datums, Mediterranean Sea E, B:64

magnetostratigraphy

Pliocene-Pleistocene succession, B:61-73
Pliocene-Quaternary succession, B:170, 172, 177-178

major elements

carbonates, B:448
sapropels, B:207-217

major elements/aluminum ratio, sapropels, B:209

Mallorca, Miocene carbonates, B:433

Malta

Miocene carbonates, B:433
tectonics, A:16

Malta Graben, tectonics, A:73

Mammoth Subchron

magnetostratigraphy, B:67
remanent magnetization, A:179, 234, 357

Mamonia Complex

basement, B:734-736, 766, 769, 771, 775
Cretaceous tectonics, B:704-705
lithofacies, B:477

Manavgat Basin, tectonics, B:749-750, 773

manganese

carbonates, B:448
photograph, A:298, 346

manganese/aluminum ratio, vs. depth, B:200

Maras, tectonics, B:763

marker beds, photograph, A:346

marl, Messinian gypsum, B:459-460

Maroni Basin

geology, A:290
Messinian gypsum, B:459-460

mass accumulation rates

Pliocene-Quaternary succession, B:228
sediments, B:231, 234, 237, 240
See also sedimentation rates

mass flow deposits

depositional-tectonic models, B:478-479
lower Pliocene, B:465-481
See also debris flows

Mass Flow Unit, stratigraphy and tectonics, B:465-481

matrix

depth of origin, B:669
diagenesis, B:587
lithologic units, A:383, 431
mud breccia, B:599, 668
mud volcanoes, B:575-595
petrography, B:471, 579-580
matrix lithology, origin, B:586-587

mats. See diatom mats

Matuyama Chron

magnetostratigraphy, B:64, 66-67, 69, 178

remanent magnetization, A:63, 78, 104, 136, 143, 177, 179, 234
See also Gauss/Matuyama boundary

Matuyama/Brunhes boundary

magnetostratigraphy, B:64-66, 70
remanent magnetization, A:177, 179, 356-357, 458, 481
Mazagan Escarpment, hydrocarbons, A:439

median destructive field, histogram, B:69

Mediterranean Intermediate Water

currents, A:73
Zanclean, B:119-120

Mediterranean Ridge

biostratigraphy, B:13-17, 99-112
clasts and matrix, B:575-595
geology, A:336-337, 374, 378-379, 451, 461, 466-467, 491-492; B:669-670
mud diapirism, A:20
mud volcanoes, B:597-605, 607-624
organic matter in sapropels, B:261-269
paleoceanography, B:38
sapropels, B:349-363
sedimentology, B:5-8
tectonics, A:5-6, 88; B:527-534, 671

Mediterranean Sea, central, Miocene carbonates, B:433

Mediterranean Sea E

bacterial populations, B:303-307
biostratigraphy, B:83-112, 125-135
collisions, A:513-520; B:709-721
high-resolution magnetic measurements, B:75-82
Mesozoic-Tertiary evolution, B:723-782
Miocene/Pliocene boundary, B:9-28
normal faults, A:507-511, 645-661
paleoceanography, A:21-25; B:113-123, 167-180, 701-708
paleoclimatology, B:219-248
paleomagnetism, A:497-505
photosynthetic pigments, B:297-302
Pliocene-Pleistocene magnetostratigraphy, B:61-73
radiolarians and silicoflagellates, B:137-154
sapropel age, B:191-197
sapropel geochemistry, B:199-217, 249-259, 271-283, 285-295, 309-331
sapropel stratigraphy, B:181-189
sedimentary sequences, B:37-59
sedimentology, B:3-8
sulfate reduction, B:365-373
tectonic maps, B:432
tectonics, A:5-18; B:527-534, 682-683, 717

meiofauna, laminations, B:338

melange

orogenic belts, B:693-695
tectonic models, B:758
tectonics, B:757, 763, 773

Mesaoria Basin, lithofacies, B:474, 476, 746

Mesaoria Plain, fanglomerate, B:555-556, 746, 773

Mesozoic

basement, B:734-736
geology, B:738-741
paleoceanography, B:701-708, 710-713
paleogeography, B:740
suture zones, B:682-683

Mesozoic, upper, collisions, A:513-515

Mesozoic-Tertiary evolution, B:723-782

Messina. See Ionian (Messina) Abyssal Plain

Messinian

chemostratigraphy and biostratigraphy, B:17, 21
correlation, B:455
distribution and abundance of planktonic foraminifers, B:16, 19
evaporites, A:14-16, 87-88, 324-326, 451, 466-467; B:669, 673-674, 734, 743, 754
Formation MicroScanner logs, B:619
geology, A:290, 337, 374
lithologic units, A:296
mud matrix, B:587-588, 688
nonmarine deposition, B:437-445
photograph, B:456
salinity, B:477
salinity crisis, A:515-516; B:685-686, 716, 718, 774

Messinian/Pliocene boundary

paleoceanography, B:9-28
sedimentology, B:3-8

Messinian/Zanclean boundary, biostratigraphy, B:115-118

metamorphic complexes, tectonics, B:761, 766

methane

bubbles, A:401
diagenesis, A:110
gases, B:669
mud domes, A:394, 522-524
organic matter, A:67
oxidation, B:366, 368
sediments, A:69, 113, 136, 188, 250, 313, 367, 394-395, 437-439, 459, 485
vs. depth, A:80, 397, 438; B:371

methane/ethane ratio

mud domes, A:523-524
vs. depth, A:397, 438

mica, accumulation rates, B:231, 234, 237, 240

micrite

mudstone, B:598
photograph, A:133, 173
photomicrograph, B:473, 508, 593

micrite, foraminiferal, photograph, A:390

micritization, clasts, B:583-584

microbreccia, petrography, B:471

microfabric

"e" bed, B:336-337
normal faults, B:650
"O" group, B:337
photograph, A:184
Sapropel S5, B:338
sapropels, B:333-348
See also fabric

microfaults

deformation, A:238-239
dip, A:183, 247, 308, 360
frequency with depth, A:183
photograph, A:76, 109, 137, 183
structural data, A:63-64, 136, 383-384
vs. depth, A:244
See also faults

microfaults, high-angle, photograph, A:246

microfossils

Miocene, B:422-423
See also individual group

microphenocrysts

photomicrograph, B:592

microplates

rotation, B:775
See also plate tectonics

microveins

deformation, A:241
structural data, A:481, 483
See also veins

Milano mud structure

clasts and matrix, B:575-595
gas hydrates, B:569-574
geology, A:378-379, 400-401, 521-522; B:571, 665-680
mud volcanoes, B:597-605, 610-613, 625-643
tectonics, A:5-6, 384-385; B:529

miliolines, photomicrograph, B:425-426

mineralogy

carbonates, B:447-448
sediments, B:219-226

minor elements, sapropels, B:207-217

Miocene

carbonate geochemistry, B:447-451
carbonates, B:419-436
chemostratigraphy and biostratigraphy, B:17, 21
distribution and abundance of benthic foraminifers, B:18, 20
distribution and abundance of planktonic foraminifers, B:16, 19
geology, A:291, 337
grabens, B:733-734
hiatuses, B:524
lithologic units, A:130, 161-162, 223, 428-430
paleoenvironment, B:492-494, 684-685
paleogeography, B:672-673
plate tectonics, A:7
reefs, B:431-435
stratigraphy, B:703
subduction, B:758-759
tectonic models, B:773-774
tectonics, A:14-16; B:757
thrust stacks, B:672
turbidites, A:217-218
uplifts, B:689-690

Miocene, lower, plate tectonics, B:773

Miocene, pre, hiatuses, B:523-524

Miocene, upper

paleoenvironment, B:453-463
paleogeography, B:673-674
plate tectonics, B:774

Miocene-Pliocene succession

geology, B:737-738
stratigraphy, B:498

Miocene/Pliocene boundary

chronostratigraphy, B:101
lithology, B:457
paleoceanography, B:9-28
sedimentology, B:3-8

Misis. See Kyrenia-Misis Lineament

Misis Mountains, tectonics, A:6; B:750-759, 775
Misis-Andirin Complex, tectonics, B:757, 756-759, 771, 773

mixed-layer clays

abundance, B:241
provenance, B:238
moats
faults, B:500-501, 716
seamounts, B:691-692
molecular paleontology, sapropels, B:285-295

mollusks

accumulation rates, B:231-232, 234, 237, 240
lithologic units, A:223
Miocene, B:422
photomicrograph, B:506, 508
molybdenum, vs. depth, B:201

Moni Melange

basement, B:745
blocks, B:691

monsoon index, sapropels, A:24

Moscow mud dome, mud volcanoes, A:417

mottling

lithologic units, A:59-60, 130, 222-223
Messinian-Pliocene succession, B:458-459
photograph, A:237-238, 298

Mount Carmel, geology, B:730

Mount Olympus, lithofacies, B:558, 774

mud

photograph, A:473
sapropels, A:217-218

mud, calcareous, mass flow units, B:468

mud, carbonaceous, photomicrograph, B:638

mud breccia

clast composition vs. depth, B:602-603
clay mineral matrix composition vs. depth, B:603-604
Formation MicroScanner logs, B:615-616
lithologic units, A:383
mud domes, A:10-14, 516-517, 522-524; B:614
mud volcanoes, B:598-600
overpressure, B:668-669
permeability, B:639-640
photomicrograph, A:389
Pliocene-Quaternary succession, A:416-417
sediments, B:581
structural data, A:383-384
units, A:386

mud clasts, lithology, A:196

mud diapirism, vs. mud volcanism, B:666

mud domes

diapirism vs. volcanism, A:10-14
gas hydrates, B:573
geology, A:378-379

mud flows, geology, A:378-379

mud matrix, genesis, B:587-588

mud shards, photomicrograph, B:594

mud volcanism

geology, A:378-379, 400-401, 445-446, 521-526; B:665-680
models, B:675-678
salinity, A:393-394
structural data, A:383-385
vs. mud diapirism, B:666

mud volcanoes

accretionary complexes, B:575-595, 597-605
anatomy, B:666-668
diapiric belt, B:597-605
emplacement, B:641-642
Formation MicroScanner logs, B:618-620
geometry, B:624
photomicrograph, B:638
physical properties, B:625-643
sediment traps, B:358-359

mudstone

lithologic units, A:424, 428-430
mass flow units, B:467-468
mud breccia, B:603, 668
mud domes, A:522-524; B:600
petrography, B:577, 580
photograph, B:422, 456
photomicrograph, B:594
Pliocene channels, B:477-478

mudstone, calcareous, lithofacies, B:469

mudstone, carbonate, photograph, A:429

mudstone, lime, photomicrograph, B:424-425

mudstone clasts

lithology, A:430-431
photograph, A:428
photomicrograph, B:594

muscovite

petrography, B:455
sediments, B:581

muscovite grains, clasts, B:599

Muti Formation, tectonics, B:761

N
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n-alcohols, sapropels, B:264, 267-268, 275-276, 278

n-alk-1-enes, sapropels, B:288, 290, 292

n-alkanes

biomarkers, B:352
bituminous limestone, A:190
gas chromatograms, B:291
sapropels, B:263-264, 267-268, 280, 287-290, 292
sediments, A:438

n-fatty acids, sapropels, B:277, 279

nannofossil datums, B:91

nannofossils

abundance, B:220
abundance of biostratigraphically Pleistocene significant species, B:84, 88
abundance of middle-late Pleistocene index taxa, B:107
abundance of Pleistocene index taxa, B:106, 109
basal Zanclean distribution, B:118-119
composite of zones, A:175, 355
electron microscopy, B:344, 346
lithologic units, A:294-295
Messinian and Zanclean distribution, B:116- 117
Messinian-Pliocene succession, B:458-459
vs. depth, A:96, 164, 228, 297, 342, 385

nannofossils, calcareous

biostratigraphy, A:35-36, 60-61, 100-101, 132-134, 164, 170, 173-175, 196, 224-230, 298-302, 344, 348, 386-387, 431-434, 454-456, 477-478; B:129-131, 157-158
Cretaceous biostratigraphy, B:400-401
Eocene biostratigraphy, B:398-399
Pliocene-Quaternary succession, B:83-112, 161
stratigraphic list, A:102, 135, 177, 242, 303, 356, 480; B:102, 109
Zanclean, B:113-123

naphthalenes, alkylated, sapropels, B:288

Napoli mud dome

clasts and matrix, B:575-595
gas hydrates, B:569-574
mud volcanoes, A:16, 445-446; B:597-605, 613-617, 625-643, 665-680
sapropels, B:358-359, 361
tectonics, A:5-6, 416-417, 522

Nathalie structure, tectonics, A:466-467

Negev, Cretaceous-Paleogene succession, B:412

Neogene

plate tectonics, A:7; B:706
subsidence, B:500, 512
tectonics, B:750

neotectonics, Pliocene-Quaternary succession, A:88

Neotethyan allochthonous units, tectonics, B:762

Neotethys

Late Triassic, B:725
models, B:763-776
south margin, B:728-766
subduction, B:705-706, 713, 759
See also Tethyan Ocean

Neptunian dikes

deformation, A:239
photograph, A:248

neutron porosity logs, vs. depth, A:146-147, 203-205, 208-210, 267-269, 325-326, 447

new forms, Incertae sedis, forma A, B:128

nickel, vs. depth, B:201

nickel/aluminum ratio, vs. depth, B:210, 212

Nile Delta, sediments, B:496

Nile River

clays, B:586-587
discharge, B:144-145, 182
major and minor elements, B:213
turbidites, B:584

nitrogen

bituminous limestone, A:190
sediments, A:69-70, 80-81, 116-117, 137-138, 193, 256-257, 315-316, 368-369, 398, 440, 459-461, 485-488
See also carbon, organic/nitrogen ratio; carbon/nitrogen ratio

nodules

paleoenvironment, A:163-164
See also chert nodules

normal faults

advanced hydraulic piston corer, A:507-511
cobblestone topography, A:88
deformation, A:105, 180, 182, 238-242, 304, 307, 310
origin and frequency, B:645-661
paleoenvironment, B:500
photograph, A:109, 137, 247-248, 308-309, 361; B:648-649
Pliocene-Quaternary, A:127
projection, A:75, 137, 360
structural data, A:63-64, 359, 481
tectonic tilt, A:361-362
tectonics, A:58

normalization factor logs, vs. depth, A:285-287

North Africa

crust, B:727, 766-767
mud volcanism, B:675-678

North Africa-Levant passive margin, continental margin, B:728-766

North Balearic Basin, tectonics, A:15-16

Nunivak Subchron, remanent magnetization, A:179

nutrients

opal, B:358-359
organic matter, B:318-319

O
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obliquity, paleoclimatology, B:187-188

octadecenoic acid, sapropels, B:277

oedometer tests, sediments, B:630-632, 637-640

Olduvai Subchron, remanent magnetization, A:104, 136, 179; B:67

oleic acid, sapropels, B:279

Oligocene

bathyal-pelagic carbonates, B:410, 412
hiatuses, B:522-523
paleogeography, B:672-673
planktonic foraminifers, B:380, 383-384
tectonic models, B:773
thrust stacks, B:672
zoning, B:384

oligotrophic conditions, sapropels, B:34

Olimpi mud dome field

geology, A:378-379, 416-417, 445-446; B:600-604, 669-670, 673, 677
tectonics, A:5-6; B:666, 671
turbidites, B:584

olistoliths, tectonics, B:757, 759

olistostromes, tectonics, B:757, 759, 773

Olympus. See Mount Olympus

Oman, lineaments, B:705-706

oncolites, photograph, A:133, 173

Onda well, tectonics, A:56

ooze

Messinian-Pliocene succession, B:458
oxygen isotopes, B:17-18
photograph, A:99
Pliocene-Quaternary succession, A:416-417

ooze, clayey-nannofossil, lithologic units, A:339-340, 381, 421-423, 452-454, 469-471

ooze, diatom

lithologic units, A:423; B:352-355
photomicrograph, B:342, 346
sapropels, B:349-363

ooze, foraminifer-nannofossil

lithologic units, A:339-340
photograph, A:471

ooze, nannofossil

composition, B:5-6
electron microscopy, B:443-444
Formation MicroScanner logs, B:616
index properties, B:636
lithofacies, B:469
lithologic units, A:92-93, 129-130, 160-161, 220-222, 294-295, 339-340, 381, 421-423, 452-454, 469-474; B:438
mass flow units, B:467-468
mud domes, A:12-14
photograph, A:230, 237, 245-246, 299, 455-456, 471-472, 474-476
photomicrograph, B:658

opal

diagenesis, B:427
dissolution, B:338-339

organic matter, A:247, 311

photomicrograph, B:424
preservation and dissolution, B:358-359

opal-CT, petrography, B:455

ophiolites

basement, B:735-736
clast lithology, B:585-586
emplacement, B:695-696, 759-761, 763
lineaments, B:705-706
plate tectonics, B:764-775
stratigraphy, B:413-414, 684
thrust stacks, B:672

ophiolitic clasts, lithofacies, B:558

orbital insolation, sapropels, A:24

organic fragments

photograph, A:470, 474
sapropels, A:93

organic matter

alteration, B:660
bituminous limestone, A:190, 199
composition, A:189
correlation with physical properties, A:254-255
degradation, A:67, 108, 110, 247, 310-311, 363
laminations, B:338
lithofacies, B:408
lithologic units, A:60, 294, 454
lithostratigraphy, A:75-76, 78
Messinian-Pliocene, B:441
oxidation, B:366, 368
preservation, B:200-204
reactivity, B:254
sapropels, B:33-35, 261-283, 271-283

organic matter, methylated and silylated total solvent extractable, gas chromatograms, B:287

Oridorsalis stellatus, size fraction and stable isotopes, B:13-15

orogenic belts, melange, B:693-695

ostracods

accumulation rates, B:231-232, 234, 237, 240
biostratigraphy, A:355; B:13
Messinian-Pliocene succession, B:441
photomicrograph, B:506, 508
sediments, B:457

Outer Deformation Front, geology, A:451

overpressure

mud volcanoes, B:641-642
veinlets, B:668-669

overthrusting

tectonics, B:761
thrust stacks, B:672

Ovgos Fault, tectonics, B:773

oxidation

lithologic units, A:161

organic matter, A:67; B:366, 368

photograph, A:348
pyrite, B:258
sapropels, B:257
See also redox

oxidation fronts

provenance of trace elements, B:202
pyrite, B:254-255

oxygen, water circulation, A:57

oxygen index

sapropels, B:273-274
vs. hydrogen index, B:274

oxygen isotope signal, Messinian/Pliocene boundary, B:6-7

oxygen isotopes

averages, B:177
biochronology, B:167-180
calcareous plankton, B:159
carbonates, B:4, 448-450
Cretaceous, B:384, 389-390
gypsum, B:440-442
Incertae sedis, forma A, B:132
ooze, B:5-6, 17-18, 21
Pliocene-Quaternary succession, B:157, 162, 181-189
sapropels, B:309-331
sediments, B:13-15
sulfate reduction, B:365-373
vs. age, B:186, 316-317, 389
vs. carbon isotopes, B:450
vs. carbon isotopes of Globigerinoides obliquus, Oridorsalis stellatus, and Incertae sedis, forma A, B:132
vs. composite depth, B:172
vs. depth, B:6, 184, 389, 449, 573
vs. Messinian/Pliocene boundary, B:6
vs. planktonic foraminiferal zones, B:389
vs. sulfate, B:370
vs. time, B:173, 177

oxygen isotopes, sulfate

vs. depth, B:371
vs. sulfur isotopes, B:373

P
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packstone

lithofacies, B:495
lithology, A:143, 196
Miocene, B:420-436
photograph, B:422
photomicrograph, B:425, 472, 506, 508
X-ray diffraction data, B:427-428

Pakhna Formation

geology, A:291, 297; B:456-457, 462, 743
limestone, B:476-477
Messinian gypsum, B:459-460
petrography, B:455

paleobathymetry, vs. depth, B:511-512

paleoceanography

Mesozoic-Tertiary, B:701-708
Messinian/Pliocene boundary, B:9-28
sapropels, A:21-25; B:29-36
stable isotopes, B:167-180
Zanclean, B:113-123

Paleocene

stratigraphy, B:412-413
tectonic models, B:771-772

Paleocene-lower Eocene succession, plate tectonics, B:771

paleoclimatology

comparison, B:327-328
middle Pliocene, B:219-226

paleoenvironment, A:296-297

Pliocene-Quaternary succession, B:186-188
sapropels, B:35, 227-248, 317-331
stable isotopes, B:167-180
Zanclean, B:119-120

paleocurrents, lithofacies, B:550-551, 558-559

paleodepth, paleoenvironment, B:500

paleoecology

diatoms, B:356-358
Pseudosolenia calcar-avis and rhizosolenids, B:357-358
radiolarians and silicoflagellates, B:137-154

paleoenvironment

Cretaceous-Eocene succession, B:499
deposition, A:102-103, 130-132, 162-164, 176, 223-224, 296-297, 303, 344, 454
downhole logging, B:483-508
late Miocene, B:453-463
lithologic units, A:60
Messinian-Pliocene, B:441
ooze, B:18-20
sapropels, A:95-97, 100; B:35
Upper Cretaceous, B:408

Paleogene

biostratigraphy, B:377-394
See also Cretaceous-Paleogene succession

paleogeography

Jurassic-Eocene, B:414
Late Cretaceous, B:672
Mesozoic, B:740
Mesozoic-Tertiary succession, B:728-766
Messinian/Pliocene boundary, B:9-28
Tertiary-Holocene, B:744

paleomagnetic directions, coercivity, A:73

paleomagnetism

discrete samples vs. long cores, A:503-504
magnetic overprints, A:497-505
Site 963, A:63
Site 964, A:103-104
Site 965, A:135-136
Site 966, A:177-179
Site 967, A:233-234
Site 968, A:303-304
Site 969, A:356-357
Site 970, A:390
Site 971, A:435
Site 973, A:479, 481

paleosols

lithofacies, B:560
lithologic units, A:130
photograph, A:132

paleotemperature, bitumens, A:115, 117, 189-190, 251-252, 264, 370-371

palygorskite

electron microscopy, B:443-444
Formation MicroScanner logs, B:619
lithologic units, B:438
provenance, B:221, 238
vs. depth, B:221, 223

palynofacies, laminations, B:338

Pantelleria rift system, tectonics, A:16, 73

Paphos, fanglomerate, B:560-562

paraconglomerate, calcareous, lithologic units, A:161; B:687

passive margins, continental margins, A:6-10

pebble clusters

ghosts, B:614
lithofacies, B:549-564

pebbles

Formation MicroScanner logs, B:614-615, 617, 621
photograph, A:249
See also gravel; limestone pebbles

Peclet number, sediments, A:317

Pegia half-graben, uplifts, B:733

Pelagian Block, Miocene carbonates, B:433

pelagic environment, chalk, B:410

pelagic sedimentation, Pleistocene, A:431

Pelagonian Zone, tectonics, B:682-683

peloids, micritic, photomicrograph, B:405

pelsparite, mud breccia, B:601

penetrometer tests, normal faults, B:651-657, 659

Perapedhi Formation

geology, A:291; B:743

petrography, B:455

permeability

matrix, B:668
sediments, B:631-633, 637-640
vs. effective stress, B:639

Permian, Upper, tectonic models, B:766

petrographic facies, vs. depth, B:495

petrography

clasts, B:577-579
mass flow units, B:471
matrix, B:579-580

petrophysical units, correlation, A:142

pH, vs. depth, A:114

phaeophytins, sapropels, B:298-302

phenocrysts. See microphenocrysts

phenols, alkylated, sapropels, B:288, 292

phenols, sapropels, B:288

phosphate, sapropels, A:23

phosphatic material, Miocene, B:423

phosphorus, water circulation, A:57

phosphorus oxide, carbonates, B:448

photic zone

organic matter, B:34, 285-295
Zanclean, B:120
See also anoxia; euxinia

photoautotrophs, sapropels, B:289

photoelectric factor logs, vs. depth, A:146-148, 203-205, 208-210, 264-266, 325-326, 404-408, 447

physical properties

correlation with lithostratigraphy, A:73, 118, 139, 141, 254-255, 263, 317, 461, 488-489; B:625-643
correlation with organic matter, A:254-255
Site 963, A:71-73
Site 964, A:117-118
Site 965, A:137-141
Site 966, A:190-192
Site 967, A:252, 254-255
Site 968, A:313-314, 316-317
Site 969, A:371-373
Site 970, A:396-397
Site 971, A:439, 441-444
Site 972, A:460-461
Site 973, A:487-489
vs. depth, B:538-540

phytane

biomarkers, B:355-356
gas chromatograms, B:287, 290

phytoplankton, sapropels, B:266-268, 277

Piacenzian

calcareous plankton, B:155-165
See also Zanclean/Piacenzian boundary

Piacenzian/Gelasian boundary, cyclostratigraphy, B:195-196

pigments

chromatograms, B:299-301
sapropels, B:34

pigments, photosynthetic, sapropels, B:297-302

Pina well, tectonics, A:56-57

Pisano Plateau

drilling, A:5
sapropels, B:207-217, 271-283
tectonics, A:87-88

Pissouri sub-basin

fanglomerate, B:560-562
Messinian gypsum, B:459-460

plagioclase

petrography, B:455
See also individual minerals

Plagoniids, Site 971, B:141, 151

plankton, calcareous, biostratigraphy, B:155-165

Planolites

lithofacies, B:408
lithologic units, A:59-60, 161, 220-223
photograph, A:68, 169, 171, 237

plate boundary

isostasy, B:691
tectonics, B:731

plate boundary, convergent. See convergent plate boundaries

plate tectonics

Campanian-Maastrichtian succession, B:771
Cenomanian-Turonian succession, B:770
early Miocene, B:773
Eurasia, A:5-6; B:682-683
evolution of seamount in relation to Eratosthenes Seamount, B:696
late Miocene, B:774
late Pliocene-Quaternary succession, B:774
lineaments, B:705-706
mass flow deposits, B:479-480
middle-late Eocene, B:772
ophiolite, B:764
Paleocene-lower Eocene succession, B:771
subsidence, B:509-515
thrust stacks, B:673
Triassic-Jurassic succession, B:769
See also convergent plate boundaries; microplates

Plattenkalk, thrust stacks, B:672

Pleistocene

fanglomerate, B:545-566, 743, 746
lithologic units, A:59, 129-130, 294-295, 381-383, 423-430
paleogeography, B:674-675
sedimentation model, B:563-564
tectonic models, B:775
uplifts, B:733
See also Pliocene-Quaternary succession; Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary; Quaternary

Pleistocene, lower, Gephyrocapsa sp., B:191-197

Pliocene

calcareous plankton, B:155-165
carbonate geochemistry, B:447-451
channels, B:477-478
chemostratigraphy and biostratigraphy, B:17, 21
chronostratigraphy, B:101
distribution and abundance of benthic foraminifers, B:18, 20
hiatuses, B:524
lithologic units, A:92-93, 129-130, 160-161, 220-222, 294-295, 339-340, 381, 383, 421-423, 452-454, 469-474
paleoclimatology, B:227-248
paleogeography, B:674-675
sapropels, B:199-217
tectonic models, B:774-775
tectonics, A:56-58
See also Messinian/Pliocene boundary; Miocene-Pliocene succession; Miocene/Pliocene boundary

Pliocene, lower

mass flow deposits, B:465-481
sedimentary facies, A:516; B:686-687

Pliocene, middle, paleoclimatology, B:219-226

Pliocene-Quaternary succession

biostratigraphy, B:83-112, 125-135
magnetostratigraphy, B:61-73
normal faults, A:127
oxygen isotopes, B:181-189
paleoclimatology, B:167-180, 227-248
plate tectonics, B:774
productivity, B:244-245
sapropel stratigraphy, B:181-189
sapropels, B:333-348
sedimentation, B:687-688
tectonics, A:5-6, 73, 157, 196-197, 199, 217-218, 416-417, 466-467, 516-517
vertical tectonics, A:88

Pliocene/Miocene boundary, unconformities, B:348

Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary

chronostratigraphy, B:101
correlation, B:160-164

polar fraction

gas chromatograms, B:292
lipids, B:286-287, 294-295

polar fraction, desulfurized, sapropels, B:287-288

Polis Graben

lithofacies, B:477
uplifts, B:733-734, 773

pore water

bacteria, B:305-306
gas hydrates, B:569-574
geochemistry, A:78, 114, 190, 253, 312, 366, 393, 436, 451, 486, 492
sulfate reduction, B:365-373

Porites sp., lithofacies, B:489

porosity

diagenesis, B:424-425, 427, 429
diatom ooze, B:355
vs. bulk density, B:541
vs. compressional wave velocity, B:538, 541
vs. depth, A:83, 401, 442; B:510, 539-540, 633
See also dissolution porosity; neutron porosity logs; solution porosity

porosity, moldic

chalk, B:406, 408
lithologic units, A:162, 197

photograph, A:133

porosity logs

vs. depth, A:261-263, 271
See also gamma ray-density-porosity logs; hydrogen/(silicon + calcium) ratio; lithoporosity logs; neutron porosity logs

potassium

evaporites, A:69
lateral flow, A:313

pore water, A:67, 110, 187, 311, 437, 485

vs. chloride and bromide, A:115
vs. depth, A:79, 190, 255, 271, 312, 367, 394-396, 436-437, 487; B:572
vs. rubidium, A:313

potassium/chlorine ratio, vs. depth, A:396, 487; B:571-572

potassium logs, vs. depth, A:150-151, 208-210, 271, 323-324

potassium oxide logs, vs. depth, A:285-287

potassium/aluminum ratio

vs. depth, B:210, 212, 214
vs. magnesium/aluminum ratio, B:213

precession index, sapropels, A:24; B:33, 35

precipitation

diagenesis, A:366
isotopic stratigraphy, B:178-179
sapropels, B:35, 245

preferred orientation, mud breccia, B:600

preservation

opal, B:358-359
radiolarians and silicoflagellates, B:144-145

pressure dissolution, diagenesis, B:427

prist-1-ene, sapropels, B:288

pristane

biomarkers, B:352
gas chromatograms, B:287, 290

productivity

geochemistry, B:211, 213, 215
isotopic stratigraphy, B:178-179, 317-331
organic matter, B:200-204
Pliocene-Quaternary succession, B:232, 235, 238, 241
radiolarians and silicoflagellates, B:144-145
sapropels, A:23; B:33, 227-248
sedimentation rates, B:34
Zanclean, B:120

Prometheus II mud diapir field, mud volcanoes, A:19

provenance

clast lithology, B:585-586, 668, 678
major and minor elements, B:213
paleoenvironment, A:296-297
sandstone, B:578, 584
sapropels, B:35
sediments, B:221
trace elements, B:200-204

Provence, tectonics, A:15

Prymnesiophyceae, sapropels, B:264, 267

pseudolaminations, photomicrograph, B:594-595

Pseudosolenia calcar-avis, paleoecology, B:357-358

Pterocorythids, three-segmented, Site 971, B:141, 148, 152

pteropods

photograph, A:98, 299
sediments, B:230, 232-233, 236, 239

Punta Piccola, paleoclimatology, B:219-226

Puturge. See Bitlis-Puturge massifs

Puturge metamorphic massif, tectonics, B:761, 763, 770

pycnocline, Zanclean, B:119-120

Pyloniid group, Site 971, B:140, 144, 148, 150

pyrite

chalk, B:410
diagenesis, B:408
diffusion, B:255-256
lithologic units, A:59, 93, 294, 340, 454
origin, B:587
photograph, A:457, 474
reactivity, B:254-255
remineralization, B:254
sediments, B:230, 232-233, 236, 239, 581
vs. depth, A:96

pyrite, diagenetic, photomicrograph, B:409, 594

pyritization, vs. organic carbon, B:254

pyrolysis, sapropels, A:113, 115, 119, 189

pyrophaeophytin, sapropels, B:298-302

pyrridines, alkylated, sapropels, B:288

pyrroles, alkylated, sapropels, B:288

Q
Up (1318 bytes)
quartz

accumulation rates, B:231, 234, 237, 240
lithologic units, A:129-130, 220-222, 296
petrography, B:455, 577-578
provenance of major elements, B:213
sediments, B:581
vs. depth, A:96, 228, 385

quartz arenite, photomicrograph, B:591

quartz grains

clasts, B:598, 601
photomicrograph, B:591

quartz, metamorphic, photomicrograph, B:592

quartz, microcrystalline, photomicrograph, B:405

Quaternary

calcareous plankton, B:155-165
lithologic units, A:92-93, 160-161, 220-222, 339-340, 421-430, 452-454, 469-471
paleoclimatology, B:227-248
sapropels, B:311
See also Pliocene-Quaternary succession

Quaternary, upper

radiolarians and silicoflagellates, B:137-154

sapropels, B:349-363

R
Up (1318 bytes)
radiolarians

Quaternary, B:137-154
systematics, B:138-142

Raffaello Basin, tectonics, A:87-88

rainfall, provenance, B:225

recrystallization

deposition, A:130-132
diagenesis, A:188, 366; B:423-424, 581, 583
photomicrograph, B:473, 592

redox

provenance of trace elements, B:203-204
sapropels, B:317
See also oxidation; pH

reduction

sulfur, B:253-257, 289
See also redox; sulfate reduction

reefs

comparison with Miocene carbonates, B:433
deposition, B:433-435
paleoenvironment, B:492-493

reefs, seeding, Miocene-Pliocene succession, B:499

reflectance

composite depths, A:106, 108, 182-183, 185, 242-246, 310, 362-363, 469, 484; B:39, 46-50
correlation with lithology, A:95, 227, 296
lithologic units, A:59
lithology, A:131, 164, 470

remanent magnetization, A:179

sapropels, A:91-92
vitrinite, B:668
vs. depth, A:111, 187, 251, 311, 364, 484

reflectors

Messinian, A:515-516
Messinian gypsum, B:459-460
See also "M" reflector

remanent magnetization, sediments, A:63, 103-104, 135-136, 177, 179, 233-234, 303-304, 356-357, 390, 435, 458, 479, 481

remanent magnetization, anhysteretic, vs. depth, B:77-79

remanent magnetization, anhysteretic/volumetric magnetic susceptibility ratio, vs. depth, B:80-82

remanent magnetization, "hard" isothermal sediments, A:179

vs. depth, A:178; B:80-82

remanent magnetization, natural, intensity, vs. inclination, B:70

remanent magnetization, saturation

isothermal, vs. depth, B:77-79

remanent magnetization, saturation

isothermal/volumetric magnetic susceptibility ratio, vs. depth, B:80-82

remanent magnetization, stirred, magnetic intensity, A:499

remineralization, organic matter, B:254

resistivity, lithofacies, B:490

resistivity logs

vs. depth, A:146-147, 203-205, 211-213, 267-269, 278-281, 325-327, 408, 447, 491
See also gamma ray-resistivity-sonic logs

retention times, hydrocarbons, B:274, 276

Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus

abundance, B:103
paracme, B:104

Réunion Subchron, remanent magnetization, B:67

reverse faults

cobblestone topography, A:88
deformation, A:105, 238
geology, B:738
photograph, A:362, 460
projection, A:459
structural data, A:359, 361, 481, 483

rheology, mud, A:13-14

rhizosolenids, paleoecology, B:357-358

Rhodes, tectonics, A:6

rhodoliths

Miocene, B:421
photomicrograph, B:424

rifting

geology, B:737-738
tectonic models, B:775
tectonics, A:16
Triassic, B:728

river capture, sedimentation, B:563-564

river transport, provenance, B:225

rivers

provenance of major elements, B:213
provenance of trace elements, B:202-203

rock fragments, vs. depth, A:228, 297, 385

Rock-Eval data

Messinian-Pliocene succession, B:441
sediments, A:70-71, 82, 113, 115, 119, 137-138, 189, 195, 250-251, 259, 313, 318, 369-370, 395-396, 400

Rosella, sapropel age, B:187

Rosetta Formation, sediments, B:496

rubidium

evaporites, A:249
lateral flow, A:313
pore water, A:67, 110, 187, 311
vs. depth, A:79, 312
vs. potassium, A:313

rudstone, lithofacies, B:495

S
Up (1318 bytes)
S-ratio, vs. depth, A:178

Sahara, sandstone, B:584

salinity

diagenesis, A:110
evaporites, A:247, 249, 311, 366-367
Formation MicroScanner logs, B:619
Messinian, B:477
mud volcanoes, B:638-639
organic matter, B:317-318
pore water, A:67, 110, 186, 393-394, 401, 435-437, 485
reefs, B:435
sapropels, B:319, 323-327, 329
vs. depth, A:79, 114, 190, 254, 314, 367, 393-395, 436, 486; B:572
vs. temperature, B:324, 330
Zanclean, B:119-120

salinity crisis, Messinian, A:515-516; B:774

salinity logs

vs. depth, A:271
See also chlorine/hydrogen ratio

salinity ratio, vs. depth, A:271

sand

lithologic units, A:296, 469-471; B:438-439, 441, 454
occurrence and correlation, A:480
petrography and mineralogy, B:454-456
photograph, A:473

sand, carbonate, photograph, A:472

sand, foraminifer, lithologic units, A:129-130

sand fraction, sediments, B:230, 233, 236, 239

sandstone

clasts, B:598
lithologic units, A:383
mud breccia, A:11-14
mud domes, A:522-524
photograph, A:470
photomicrograph, B:595
See also litharenite; quartz arenite

sandstone, calcareous, lithofacies, B:469

sandstone, carbonate, photograph, A:429

sandstone, green, lithofacies, B:555

sandstone, lithoclastic, photomicrograph, B:592

sandstone, quartzose

petrography, B:577-578
photomicrograph, B:591

sandstone, subarkose, mud breccia, B:603

sandstone clasts

cross laminations, B:583
lithology, A:400, 430-431
photomicrograph, A:389

Santernian, calcareous plankton, B:155-165

Santernian/Emilian boundary, cyclostratigraphy, B:195

Santonian

biostratigraphy, B:401
stratigraphy, B:412

Santorini, tectonics, A:5-6

sapropels

abundance, B:658
age model, B:183-186, 191-197
bacteria, B:303-307
beds within composite section, A:96
bioturbation, B:336-337
calibration to insolation, B:194-195
composition, B:333-348
correlation, A:91, 167, 474, 476
deformation, A:304, 307, 310
deposition, B:227-248
duration of events, B:214-215
formation models, A:21, 23-24, 118, 120; B:29-36, 215, 242-244, 249-259, 309-331
geochemistry, A:395-396; B:199-217, 285-295, 309-331
lithofacies, B:469
lithologic units, A:93, 95-96, 129, 220-222, 294, 340-342, 374, 423, 454, 471
lithology, A:445
magnetic properties, B:75-82
microfabric, B:333-348
mud, A:217-218
mud breccia, A:12
normal faults, B:647-649
occurrence, A:352
occurrence and correlation, A:480
occurrence through time, B:32
organic matter, B:261-269, 285-295
paleoceanography, A:21-25
photograph, A:97-100, 168-172, 229-230, 233-236, 298-299, 345-351, 425-426, 473-475; B:348
photomicrograph, B:247-248, 658
pigments, B:34, 297-302
Pliocene, B:262
position, A:92-93
position and astronomical ages, B:193
position and extent, A:353-354
position and organic carbon, A:165-166, 478-479
pyrolysis, A:119
sedimentation, B:563-564
stable isotopes, B:177-178
stratigraphy, B:181-189
tectonic tilt, A:361-362
timing of deposition, A:24
upper Quaternary, B:349-363
vs. depth, B:649
Zanclean, B:113-123

sapropels, composite, lithologic units, A:96

sapropels, deformed, photograph, A:346, 349

sapropels, diatom-ooze, electron microscopy, B:349-363

sapropels, laminated

"0" group, B:336
"e" bed, B:336
electron microscopy, B:335-336, 349-363
"O" group, B:336
photograph, A:345, 347, 350, 475

sapropels, multiple-band, photograph, A:99

sapropels, oxidized

lithologic units, A:96
photograph, A:100, 348, 474

sapropels, relict, photograph, A:477

sapropels, S1, photograph, A:298, 346, 425-426

sapropels, S3, photograph, A:299, 342

sapropels, S5, photograph, A:234, 347, 426, 475; B:341, 361

sapropels, S6, photograph, A:347, 475

sapropels, single-band, photograph, A:97-98

sapropels, thick-bedded, lithologic units, A:95-96

sapropels, thin-bedded, lithologic units, A:95

Sardinia, tectonics, A:15

Scisti a Fucoidi, paleogeography, B:672

Scyphosphaera, Zanclean abundance, B:119

seafloor spreading, Carnian-Norian, B:766

sea-level changes

lithologic units, B:438
Pliocene channels, B:478
sedimentation, B:563-564
subsidence, B:513
uplifts, A:520
See also eustacy; glacioeustacy; isostasy

seamounts

bathymetry, A:7-10, 157
collision with active margins, B:465-481
collisions, A:513-520
Cretaceous-Holocene evolution, B:525
Eocene-Miocene shallowing, B:496, 498-499
geologic setting, A:217-218
Holocene tectonic framework, B:716-718
Mesozoic origin, B:710-713
Messinian island, B:716
Miocene, B:434
paleoenvironment, B:483-508
Pliocene-Quaternary, A:127
structural history, B:688-689, 711
Tertiary evolution, B:713-716
seawater, provenance of trace elements, B:203- 204

sedimentary facies

mud domes, A:522-524
Pliocene, A:516

sedimentary sequences, continuous, composite sections, B:37-59

sedimentary structures

lithofacies, B:408
mass flow units, B:471
mud breccia, B:600
within clasts, B:583
See also burrows; grading; lineations; preferred orientation; trace fossils

sedimentation

clastic environment, B:563-564
Pliocene-Quaternary succession, B:687-688
provenance, B:225
sapropels, A:118, 120
sources, B:200-204

sedimentation rates

biochronology, B:108-109
Cretaceous, B:384, 386
diatom annual cycles, B:358
major elements/aluminum ratio, B:213-214
organic carbon, B:34
Site 963, A:62-63
Site 964, A:102-103
Site 965, A:135
Site 966, A:176-177
Site 967, A:231, 233
Site 968, A:303
Site 969, A:355-356
Site 972, A:458
Site 973, A:479
Upper Cretaceous, B:408
vs. sulfate reduction, B:370
See also mass accumulation rates

sedimentation rates, linear, Pliocene-Quaternary succession, B:228

sedimentology

Cretaceous-Paleogene succession, B:403-417
Messinian, B:115
Messinian/Pliocene boundary, B:3-8
mud breccia, B:601
sapropels, B:349-352

sediments

bacteria, B:303-307
bathymetry, A:7-10
composition, B:611-612
iron and sulfur, B:249-259
lithostratigraphy, A:75-76, 78
magnetic properties, B:75-82
mineralogy, B:219-226
mud breccia, A:10-14
physical properties, B:625-643
Pliocene-Quaternary, A:88

sediments, clast-rich, matrix-supported, lithofacies, B:469-471

sediments, dark gray, lithologic units, A:59

sediments, distal mud-volcanic, petrography, B:580

sediments, fine-grained

lithologic units, A:294-295
petrography, B:579

sediments, hemipelagic, petrography, B:580-581

sediments, layered, Formation MicroScanner logs, B:615

sediments, mixed

index properties, B:636
lithologic units, A:469-471

sediments, oxidized, photomicrograph, B:247-248

sediments, red

occurrence, A:352
photograph, A:343

seismic profiles

Cyprus, B:731
paleoenvironment, B:483-508, 710-715
seamounts, B:692-693, 710-715
Site 963, A:57, 59, 61
Site 964, A:90
Site 965, A:126-127, 129
Site 966, A:157-159, 162
Site 967, A:218-220, 223
Site 968, A:291-292, 294
Site 969, A:339-340
Site 970, A:379, 382
Site 971, A:418, 421
Site 972, A:453-454
Site 973, A:467, 469

seismic-stratigraphic string logs, vs. depth, A:146-147

selenium, vs. depth, B:201

sepiolite

Formation MicroScanner logs, B:619
provenance, B:238
sequences, lithofacies, B:554

serpentine, electron microscopy, B:443-444

shear strength

vs. depth, A:84, 123, 198, 262, 319, 372, 403, 443, 463, 489; B:637
vs. sediment fabric and composition, B:659-660

shear strength, drained

normal faults, B:650
sediments, B:657, 659

shear strength, undrained, normal faults, B:649-656

shear strength, vane

sediments, A:72, 83, 118, 122, 139, 191, 197, 254, 261, 314, 371-372, 397, 402, 442-443, 460, 463, 487, 489; B:630, 636-638, 640; bp:CD-ROM
vs. depth, B:650, 657

shear zones

deformation, A:182
overpressure, B:668-669
photograph, A:109, 184-185, 309
photomicrograph, B:638, 658
structural data, A:484
shells
fragments, B:579
photomicrograph, B:405, 426, 473, 475, 506
See also bivalves; gastropods; mollusks

shore-based processing, well-logs, A:149, 207, 273, 329, 409, 448, 493

shortening, strain, B:521-522

Sicilian, calcareous plankton, B:155-165

Sicily

Miocene carbonates, B:433
paleoclimatology, B:219-226
tectonics, A:15, 56
See also Strait of Sicily

Sikhari Formation, tectonics, B:749

silica

depth, A:367
diagenesis, B:427
lateral flow, A:311, 313
organic matter, A:247, 310-311, 363
pore water, A:67, 110, 187-188, 391
radiolarians and silicoflagellates, B:144-145
vs. depth, A:115, 190, 253, 312, 394-396

silica logs, vs. depth, A:285-287

silicic acid, opal, B:358-359

siliciclastics

petrography, B:580
photomicrograph, B:593

silicification, photomicrograph, B:405

silicoflagellates

Quaternary, B:137-154
systematics, B:142-143

silicon

provenance of major elements, B:213
See also hydrogen/(silicon + calcium) ratio

silicon/aluminum ratio, vs. depth, B:210-212

silicon/(silicon + calcium) ratio

vs. depth, A:271
See also lithology logs

silt

abundance, B:241
lithologic units, A:296, 469-471; B:438-439, 441, 454
Messinian, B:455
petrography, B:577-578
photograph, A:298, 424, 430, 455
silt, calcareous
mass flow units, B:468
photograph, B:456

silt, sandy

lithologic units, A:423-424, 427-428
photograph, A:300

siltstone

clasts, B:598
mud breccia, A:11-14
mud domes, A:522-524
petrography, B:578
photograph, A:390

siltstone, calcareous

lithofacies, B:469
photograph, A:477

siltstone clasts, lithology, A:430-431

simulation, magnetic intensity change, A:502

Sinai, Cretaceous-Paleogene succession, B:412

Singa

correlation, B:160-161, 164
sapropel age, B:187

Sirte Abyssal Plain, geology, A:337, 451

Site 121, Messinian gypsum, B:459

Site 122, Messinian gypsum, B:459

Site 124, Messinian gypsum, B:459

Site 125, Messinian gypsum, B:459

Site 129, Messinian gypsum, B:459

Site 132, Messinian gypsum, B:459

Site 134, Messinian gypsum, B:459

Site 371, Messinian gypsum, B:459

Site 375

lithofacies, B:459
Miocene-Pliocene succession, B:478

Site 376

lithofacies, B:459
Miocene-Pliocene succession, B:478

Site 378, Messinian gypsum, B:459

Site 849, oxygen isotopes, B:186

Site 963, A:55-84

background and objectives, A:56
biostratigraphy, A:60-63; B:102
composite depths, A:64, 66
coring summary, A:60
geological setting, A:56-58
inorganic geochemistry, A:67, 69
lithostratigraphy, A:59-60
magnetostratigraphy, B:63-64
operations, A:58
organic geochemistry, A:69-71
oxygen isotopes, B:168-172
paleomagnetism, A:63
physical properties, A:71-73
sedimentation rates, A:62-63
site description, A:55-84
site geophysics, A:58
smear slides, A:951
structural geology, A:63-64
summary and conclusions, A:73, 75-76, 78

Site 964, A:85-123

background and objectives, A:86-87
biostratigraphy, A:100-102; B:155-165
composite depths, A:106, 108
coring summary, A:89
geological setting, A:87-88
inorganic geochemistry, A:108, 110, 113
lithostratigraphy, A:90-100
magnetostratigraphy, B:64-66
normal faults, B:645-661
operations, A:88-89
organic geochemistry, A:113, 115-117
organic matter in sapropels, B:271-283
oxygen isotopes, B:169, 172-176
paleoclimatology, B:219-248
paleomagnetism, A:103-104
physical properties, A:117-118
sapropel geochemistry, B:199-217, 309-331
sapropels, B:32
sedimentary sequences, B:41-45
sedimentation rates, A:102-103
site description, A:85-123
site geophysics, A:89-90
smear slides, A:953-954
structural geology, A:104-106
summary and conclusions, A:118, 120

Site 965, A:125-153

background and objectives, A:125-126
biostratigraphy, A:132-135; B:85-86, 129-130
carbonate geochemistry, B:447-451
coring summary, A:128
downhole measurements, A:141-142
geological setting, A:126-127
lithostratigraphy, A:129-132; B:487, 489-490, 519
Messinian, B:458
Miocene carbonates, B:420
normal faults, B:645-661
operations, A:128
organic geochemistry, A:136-137
paleoenvironment, B:453-463
paleomagnetism, A:135-136
physical properties, A:137-141
sedimentation rates, A:135
site description, A:125-153
site geophysics, A:128-129
smear slides, A:955
structural geology, A:136; B:517-526
summary and conclusions, A:142-143
tectonics, B:527-534
temperature, A:317-318

Site 966, A:155-213

acoustic properties, B:535-543
background and objectives, A:156-157
biostratigraphy, A:164, 170, 173-176; B:86-89, 130, 377-394
composite depths, A:182-183, 185
coring summary, A:160
downhole measurements, A:192, 194-196
Eocene-Upper Cretaceous, B:395-396
geological setting, A:157
high-resolution magnetic measurements, B:75-82
inorganic geochemistry, A:185-188
lithostratigraphy, A:160-164; B:403, 485-487, 489, 519
magnetostratigraphy, B:66-68
mass flow deposits, B:465-481
Messinian, B:458-459
Miocene carbonates, B:420-421
normal faults, B:645-661
operations, A:157-159
organic geochemistry, A:188-190
paleoclimatology, B:227-248
paleoenvironment, B:483-508
paleomagnetism, A:177-179
photosynthetic pigments, B:297-302
physical properties, A:190-192
sapropels, B:32, 285-295
sedimentary sequences, B:45, 403
sedimentation rates, A:176-177
site description, A:155-213
site geophysics, A:159-160
smear slides, A:957-959
structural geology, A:179-182; B:517-526
subsidence, B:509-515
summary and conclusions, A:196-199
tectonics, B:527-534
temperature, A:318-319

Site 967, A:215-287

acoustic properties, B:535-543
background and objectives, A:216-217
biostratigraphy, A:224-231; B:11, 13, 89-92, 130-131, 377-394
composite depths, A:242-244, 246
coring summary, A:221
downhole measurements, A:255, 258-263
Eocene-Upper Cretaceous, B:396-397
geological setting, A:217-218
high-resolution magnetic measurements, B:75-82
inorganic geochemistry, A:246-247, 249-250
isotope stratigraphy, B:377-394
lithostratigraphy, A:220-224; B:403, 488-492, 519
magnetostratigraphy, B:68-71
Messinian, B:457-458
Miocene/Pliocene boundary, B:9-28
normal faults, B:645-661
operations, A:218-219
organic geochemistry, A:250-252
paleoceanography, B:113-123
paleoclimatology, B:227-248
paleoenvironment, B:453-463, 483-508
paleomagnetism, A:233-234
physical properties, A:252, 254-255
sapropel age, B:191-197
sapropel geochemistry, B:199-217, 249-259, 309-331
sapropel stratigraphy, B:181-189
sapropels, B:32
sedimentary sequences, B:45-47
sedimentation rates, A:231, 233
site description, A:215-287
site geophysics, A:219-220
smear slides, A:960-964
structural geology, A:234-235, 238-242; B:517-526
subsidence, B:509-515
summary and conclusions, A:263-267
tectonics, B:527-534
temperature, A:320

Site 968, A:289-333

background and objectives, A:290
biostratigraphy, A:298-303; B:92-93
composite depths, A:310
coring summary, A:293
downhole measurements, A:321-324
geological setting, A:290-291
heat flow, A:317-320
organic geochemistry, A:310-313
lithostratigraphy, A:293-298
magnetostratigraphy, B:71
Messinian nonmarine deposition, B:437-445
operations, A:291-293
organic geochemistry, A:313
paleomagnetism, A:303-304
physical properties, A:313-314, 316-317
sedimentation rates, A:303
sedimentology, B:3-4
site description, A:289-333
site geophysics, A:293
smear slides, A:965-966
structural geology, A:304-310
summary and conclusions, A:324-326
temperature, A:320

Site 969, A:335-375

background and objectives, A:336
bacterial populations, B:303-307
biostratigraphy, A:344, 348, 351-355; B:13-17, 101, 131
composite depths, A:362-363
coring summary, A:339
geological setting, A:336-337
heat flow, A:373-374
high-resolution magnetic measurements, B:75-82
inorganic geochemistry, A:363, 366-367
lithostratigraphy, A:338-344
magnetostratigraphy, B:71
Miocene/Pliocene boundary, B:9-28
operations, A:337-338
organic geochemistry, A:367-371
organic matter in sapropels, B:261-269, 285-295
paleoceanography, B:113-123
paleoclimatology, B:227-248
paleomagnetism, A:356-357
photosynthetic pigments, B:297-302
physical properties, A:371-373
radiolarians and silicoflagellates, B:137-154
sapropel age, B:191-197
sapropel geochemistry, B:199-206, 249-259
sapropels, B:32
sedimentary sequences, B:47-49
sedimentation rates, A:355-356
sedimentology, B:5-6
site description, A:335-375
site geophysics, A:338
smear slides, A:967
structural geology, A:357-362
summary and conclusions, A:374

Site 970, A:377-413

background and objectives, A:378
biostratigraphy, A:385-387, 389-390
coring summary, A:380
downhole measurements, A:399
gas hydrates, B:569-574
geological setting, A:378-379
inorganic geochemistry, A:390-394
lithostratigraphy, A:381-385
mud volcanoes, B:597-605, 607-624, 665-680
operations, A:379-380
organic geochemistry, A:394-396
paleomagnetism, A:390
physical properties, A:396-397; B:625-643
site description, A:377-413
site geophysics, A:380-381
smear slides, A:969-970
summary and conclusions, A:400-401
Site 971, A:415-450
background and objectives, A:416
biostratigraphy, A:431-435
coring summary, A:419
downhole measurements, A:444-445
gas hydrates, B:569-574
geological setting, A:416-417
inorganic geochemistry, A:435-437
lithostratigraphy, A:420-431
mud volcanoes, B:597-605, 607-624, 665-680
operations, A:417-420
organic geochemistry, A:437-439
paleomagnetism, A:435
physical properties, A:439, 441-444; B:625-643
radiolarians and silicoflagellates, B:137-154
sapropels, B:349-363
site description, A:415-450
site geophysics, A:420
smear slides, A:971-972
summary and conclusions, A:445-446

Site 972, A:451-464

background and objectives, A:451
biostratigraphy, A:454-458
coring summary, A:453
geological setting, A:451
heat flow, A:461
lithostratigraphy, A:452-454
magnetostratigraphy, B:71
operations, A:451-452
organic geochemistry, A:459-460
physical properties, A:460-461
sedimentation rates, A:458
site description, A:451-464
site geophysics, A:452
structural geology, A:458-459
summary and conclusions, A:461

Site 973, A:465-494

background and objectives, A:466
biostratigraphy, A:477-479
composite depths, A:484
coring summary, A:468
downhole measurements, A:489-491
geological setting, A:466-467
inorganic geochemistry, A:484-485
lithostratigraphy, A:468-477
magnetostratigraphy, B:71-72
operations, A:467-468
organic geochemistry, A:485-487
paleomagnetism, A:479, 481
physical properties, A:487-489
sedimentation rates, A:479
site description, A:465-494
site geophysics, A:468
structural geology, A:481-484
summary and conclusions, A:491-492

site geophysics

Site 963, A:58
Site 964, A:89-90
Site 965, A:128-129
Site 966, A:159-160
Site 967, A:219-220
Site 968, A:293
Site 969, A:338
Site 970, A:380-381
Site 971, A:420
Site 972, A:452
Site 973, A:468

sitosterol

sapropels, B:266-267
See also beta-sitosterol

size grading, clasts, B:583

slickensides, deformation, A:242

slump/slide unit, lithologic units, A:220-222

slump folds, photograph, A:229, 246, 426

slumping

deposition, A:130-132
structural data, A:63, 136

smear slide data

lithology, A:427
vs. depth, A:96, 228, 297, 342, 385

smear slides

Site 963, A:951
Site 964, A:953-954
Site 965, A:955
Site 966, A:957-959
Site 967, A:960-964
Site 968, A:965-966
Site 969, A:967
Site 970, A:969-970
Site 971, A:971-972

smectite

abundance, B:241-242
electron microscopy, B:443-444
Formation MicroScanner logs, B:619
lithologic units, A:295; B:438
matrix, B:599
origin, B:586-587
provenance, B:238
vs. depth, B:221, 223
See also kaolinite/smectite ratio

smectite/illite ratio, sediments, B:235, 242-244

sodium

evaporites, A:247, 249, 311, 366-367
pore water, A:186-187, 391-392, 485
vs. chlorine, A:254, 313
vs. depth, A:114, 190, 254, 314, 367, 393-395, 437, 486

sodium/chlorine ratio, vs. depth, A:486; B:572

solution cavities

diagenesis, B:425, 427
photomicrograph, B:475

solution porosity, lithoclasts, B:474

South Aegean Volcanic Arc, tectonics, A:5-6

South Anatolian Fault Zone, tectonics, B:760-761

South Troodos Transform Fault Zone, basement, B:734, 745, 769

spar, photomicrograph, B:425-426

Sphaeridinellopsis group, abundance, B:22

Sphaeroidinellopsis acme event, Site 967, B:13, 17, 19, 21

Sphenolithus spp., abundance, B:103

splice tie points, composite depths, A:113, 189, 253, 366, 485

sponge spicules

Miocene, B:423
photomicrograph, B:424

spreiten, photograph, A:68

stable isotopes

biochronology, B:167-180
carbonates, B:448-450
Incertae sedis, forma A, B:132
ooze, B:17-18
sapropels, B:35, 309-331
sedimentology, B:3-8
sediments, B:13-15
sulfate reduction, B:365-373

stanols, sapropels, B:266-267

stanols/sterols ratio, sapropels, B:267

steradienes, sapropels, B:287, 289

sterenes, desmethyl, sapropels, B:287, 289

sterenes, four-methyl

gas chromatograms, B:287
sapropels, B:287, 289

sterols

gas chromatograms, B:278
sapropels, B:266-268, 276-279
structure, B:283
vs. organic carbon, B:279
See also stanols/sterols ratio

sterols, desmethyl, sapropels, B:287, 289

sterols, four-methyl, sapropels, B:266, 287, 289

stigmasterol, sapropels, B:266-267

strain

seamounts, B:688-689
shortening, B:521-522
vs. depth, B:521-523

Strait of Sicily

paleoceanography, B:38
tectonics, A:56
See also Sicily

stratigraphy

Eratosthenes Seamount, B:703
mass flow deposits, B:466-469
sapropels, A:24, 27-28; B:31-33

stress

fractures, B:530-534
seamounts, B:688-689
tectonics, B:527-534

stress, effective

mud volcanoes, B:638
vs. permeability, B:639

strike-slip faults

deformation, A:105
emplacement, B:736

strontium

carbonates, B:448
diagenesis, A:188, 311
evaporites, A:69, 249
gypsum, A:250, 311
vs. chloride and bromide, A:115
vs. depth, A:80, 114, 192, 255, 314, 367; B:371
vs. dolomite, B:450
vs. sulfate, A:255
X-ray fluorescence data in carbonates, B:450

strontium/calcium ratio

carbonates, B:448
gypsum, A:263

strontium/chlorine ratio, vs. depth, A:255-256, 314, 367

structural data

normal faults, B:647-649
Site 963, A:74-75
Site 964, A:107-108
Site 965, A:137
Site 966, A:181-182
Site 967, A:245
Site 968, A:305-307
Site 969, A:359-360
Site 970, A:391
Site 971, A:432
Site 972, A:459
Site 973, A:482

structural geology

Site 963, A:63-64
Site 964, A:104-106
Site 965, A:136
Site 966, A:179-182
Site 967, A:234-235, 238-242
Site 968, A:304-310
Site 969, A:357-362
Site 972, A:458-459
Site 973, A:481-484

structures

mud volcanism, B:669-670
sediments, B:612-617
within clasts, B:583-584

stylolites, origin, B:587

subduction

African Plate, A:5-6
geology, A:337
lineaments, B:705-706
Miocene, B:758-759, 775
moats, B:500-501
movement, A:5-6; B:770-776
mud volcanoes, B:641-642, 671
paleogeography, B:672-673
tectonics, B:763-764
uplifts, B:689-690

subduction zones, crust, B:694, 705-706

submarine sliding, tectonics, A:56

submergence, seamounts, B:691

subsidence

collisions, B:509-515, 719
deposition, A:130-132
mass flow deposits, B:479-480, 504
paleoenvironment, B:500
Pliocene-Quaternary succession, A:518-519
seamounts, B:689-690
tectonics, B:704

subsidence, flexure-induced, seamounts, B:692

sulfate

availability, B:254
gypsum, A:250, 311
pore water, A:186-187, 391-393, 485
vs. calcium, A:255; B:259
vs. depth, A:79, 114, 190, 255 , 312, 366, 394-396, 486; B:367-368
vs. strontium, A:255

sulfate/chlorine ratio, vs. depth, A:256, 396; B:572

sulfate reduction

diagenesis, A:110
occurrence, A:445
organic matter, A:67
pore water, B:365-373, 450
stable isotopes, B:365-373
storage, B:253-257
vs. sedimentation rates, B:370
See also redox

sulfides

organic matter, A:67
photograph, A:361

sulfidization

imbalance between sulfide production and iron addition, B:256-257
sapropels, B:257

sulfur

bacteria, B:305-306
bituminous limestone, A:190
electron microscopy, B:346
sapropels, B:229, 272-274
sediment chemistry, B:249-259
sediments, A:69-70, 80-81, 115-117, 137-138, 189, 193, 251, 256-257, 313, 315-316, 368-370, 396, 398, 439-440, 459-461, 485-488
vs. depth, A:195, 371; B:200, 251-252, 305
See also carbon/sulfur ratio

sulfur, acid-volatile sulfide, pore water, B:251-253

sulfur, elemental, pore water, B:251-253

sulfur, humic, sapropels, B:253

sulfur, NaCl-extractable

pore water, B:250-251
vs. dithionite-extracted iron, B:253
vs. NaCl-extracted calcium, B:252
vs. water content, B:252

sulfur, nonextractable organic, sapropels, B:253

sulfur, organic polysulfide, pore water, B:251-253

sulfur, pyritic, sapropels, B:253

sulfur, reduced, storage, B:253-257

sulfur, total, vs. organic carbon, B:254

sulfur/calcium ratio, vs. depth, A:271

sulfur/carbon ratio, pyrite, B:254-255

sulfur compounds, organic matter, B:289

sulfur isotopes

carbonates, B:448-450
gypsum, B:440-442
sulfate reduction, B:365-373
vs. accepted sulfur isotopes, B:373
vs. depth, B:367-368
vs. sulfate, B:370-371
vs. sulfate oxygen isotopes, B:373

sulfur logs, vs. depth, A:285-287

sulfuric acid, sapropels, B:258

Susuz Dag, carbonate platforms, B:741

suture zones, tectonics, B:683

syntaxial overgrowths, diagenesis, B:427

Syria

lineaments, B:705-706
Miocene carbonates, B:432-433
tectonics, B:682-683, 772

Syrian Arc, tectonics, B:704, 759, 766

T
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Tauride Mountains

conglomerate comparison, B:563
tectonics, B:683, 766, 770

Taurus Mountains, lineaments, B:750-751

tectonic controls, sedimentation, B:563-564

tectonic maps

Cyprus, B:732
Mediterranean Sea E, B:432, 724

tectonic structures

mass flow units, B:474
within clasts, B:583-584

tectonic tilt, structural data, A:361-362

tectonic units, offshore geology, B:737

tectonics

diagenesis, B:429
hiatuses, B:517-526, 684
lithofacies, B:403-417, 718-720
mass flow units, B:465-480
Mediterranean Sea E, A:5-18
models, B:765
mud volcanoes, B:641-642, 665-680
paleoenvironment, B:453-463
Pliocene-Quaternary succession, A:157, 217-218, 516-517
zones, B:751-753
See also extensional tectonics; neotectonics; vertical tectonics

Teichichnus

lithofacies, B:408
lithologic units, A:223

Tekirova ophiolite, tectonics, B:769

temperature

alkenones, B:309-331
isotopic stratigraphy, B:178-179
mud volcanoes, B:639
vs. age, B:316-319, 323-328
vs. depth, A:148, 206, 272, 317-320, 328, 374, 408, 464; B:570
vs. salinity, B:324, 330
vs. time, A:206

temperature, alkenone sea-surface

vs. chain length, B:279-280
vs. organic carbon, B:280

temperature, in-situ data, sediments, A:321, 374, 464

temperature, sea-surface

organic matter, A:251-252; B:317-318
sapropels, B:273
vs. depth, A:120, 196, 260, 371

temperature logs, lithology, A:263, 324, 399

tension gashes, photograph, A:483

tensors, normal faults, A:509

ter-alcohols, sapropels, B:265

ter-alkanes, sapropels, B:265

Terra Member, limestone, B:431

terraces, Pleistocene, B:733, 746

terrigenous material

accumulation rates, B:231, 234, 237, 240
origin, B:586-587
provenance, B:238, 241-242
sediments, B:230, 232-233, 236, 239

Tertiary

paleoceanography, B:701-708, 713-716
See also Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary; Mesozoic-Tertiary evolution

Tertiary, lower, collisions, A:513, 515

Tertiary-Holocene succession, paleogeography, B:744

Tethyan Ocean

tectonics, A:5-6; B:682-684
See also Neotethys

textures, sediments, B:612-617

Theoperids, Site 971, B:141, 148, 152

thermal conductivity

sediments, A:73, 83, 118, 122, 139, 191-192, 197, 254, 261, 316-317, 319, 372-373, 397, 403, 444; bp:CD-ROM
vs. depth, A:84, 123, 141, 198, 262, 320, 373, 403, 444

thiolanes, biomarkers, B:356

thiolanes, isoprenoid, sapropels, B:287, 289

thiophenes, alkylated, sapropels, B:288-289

thiophenes, biomarkers, B:356

thiophenes, hopanoid, sapropels, B:287

Tholoniid group, Site 971, B:140, 150

thorium, vs. depth, A:271

thorium logs

gypsum, A:263
vs. depth, A:144-147, 150-151, 200-202, 208-210, 264-271, 274-277, 282-284, 323-324, 404-408, 446-447, 491

thrust faults

emplacement, B:736, 759-760
Miocene, B:690

tectonics, A:56

thrust sheets, tectonics, B:753

thrust stacks, overthrusting, B:672

Thvera Subchron, remanent magnetization, A:356-357

tin, vs. depth, B:201

titanium/aluminum ratio, vs. depth, B:210-212

titanium oxide logs, vs. depth, A:285-287

Tortonian

plate tectonics, A:7
salinity, B:477

trace elements

carbonates, B:448
electron microscopy, B:344, 346
sapropels, B:199-206
sources in sapropel, B:203-204
vs. depth, B:449

trace fossils

lithologic units, A:59-60, 161, 220-222
photograph, A:66, 68-69
See also individual fossil

Triassic, tectonics, B:704-705, 761

Triassic, Upper

Neotethys, B:725
tectonic models, B:766

Triassic-Jurassic succession, plate tectonics, B:769

Tripoli Formation, paleoenvironment, B:492

triterpinoids. See des-A-triterpinoids

Troodos. See South Troodos Transform Fault Zone

Troodos Margin N, fanglomerate, B:548-555

Troodos ophiolite

basement, B:734-736, 745, 769
Cretaceous tectonics, B:704-705, 776
fanglomerate, B:545-566, 743
geology, A:291, 297; B:695-696, 713, 727
lithofacies, B:474, 476-478
Messinian gypsum, B:459-460, 686
paleogeography, B:413-414
plate boundary, B:731
Pliocene channels, B:477-478
sources, B:455
subsidence, B:512

tufa, geology, B:737-738

Tunisia, tectonics, A:16

turbidites

composition, B:584
geochemistry, B:208-211
gravity flows, B:687
lithologic units, A:222, 422, 453-454
lithology, A:401
Messinian, A:515-516; B:455
mud breccia, B:600
mud domes, A:524-525
paleoenvironment, A:296-297
paleogeography, B:672-673
photograph, A:308, 456-457, 473
Pliocene-Quaternary succession, A:217-218; B:311
See also calciturbidite

Turkey

crust fragmentation, B:695
tectonics, A:6; B:682-683, 713, 718

Turkey S

Cretaceous-Paleogene succession, B:413-414
crust, B:727
Miocene carbonates, B:431-432

Turkey SE, tectonics, B:749-750, 759-761

Turkey SW

offshore geology, B:737-738

onshore geology, B:741

Turonian

carbonate compensation depth, B:499
stratigraphy, B:412-413
tectonic models, B:769
See also Cenomanian-Turonian succession

Turonian, intra, hiatuses, B:522

Tyrrhenian Sea

Messinian gypsum, B:459
tectonics, A:16

U
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unconformities

biostratigraphy, A:302-303
carbonates, B:494, 719, 743
composite depths, A:242-246
lithology, A:199; B:476
nannofossil datums, B:93-95
photograph, A:174; B:348
Pliocene, A:516
tectonics, B:673
See also disconformities; discontinuities; erosional surfaces; hiatuses

underthrusting, crust, B:694-695

United Nations Rise diapiric area, mud breccia, B:603

uplifts

cobblestone topography, A:88
collisions, A:513, 515-520; B:716
Eocene-Miocene succession, B:496, 498-499
fanglomerate, B:545-566
flexure, B:513
lithofacies, B:551, 558-559
plate boundary, B:731
Pleistocene, B:733
seamounts, B:689-690, 719-720
sedimentation, B:563-564
tectonics, B:704
thrust stacks, B:672

uranium

pelagic chalk, B:410
vs. depth, A:271

uranium logs

gypsum, A:263
lithology, B:485

vs. depth, A:144-147, 150-151, 200-202, 208-210, 264-271, 274-277, 282-284, 323-324, 404-408, 446-447, 491

V
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vanadium, vs. depth, B:201

vanadium/aluminum ratio, vs. depth, B:210, 212

varves, laminated diatom ooze, B:358

veinlets, overpressure, B:668-669

veins

frequency with depth, A:183
photograph, A:248
photomicrograph, B:594
vs. depth, A:244
See also microveins

velocity, vs. depth, A:402, 443

velocity logs

vs. depth, A:211-213, 267-270, 278-281, 325-326, 447, 491
See also gamma ray-resistivity-sonic logs

venting, mud domes, A:11

vertical tectonics, Pliocene-Quaternary, A:88

Victor Hensen Seahill, structures, A:466-467

vitrinite, reflectance, B:668

volcanic ash

lithologic units, A:59, 129-130, 161, 222, 294-295, 469-470
occurrence and correlation, A:480
photograph, A:62, 342, 456

volcanic glass

lithologic units, A:220-222, 454
vs. depth, A:96, 164, 228

volcaniclastics, tectonics, B:761

volcanism

mud domes, A:10-14
tectonics, B:771

Vrica, sapropel age, B:187, 191-197

W
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wackestone

lithofacies, B:495
Miocene, B:420-436
photomicrograph, B:506, 508
X-ray diffraction data, B:427-428

wackestone, algal, photograph, A:133

Walvis Ridge, hydrocarbons, A:439

water content

vs. depth, A:83, 122; B:633, 637-638
vs. friction angle, B:660
vs. NaCl-extracted sulfur, B:252

water exchange, water circulation, A:57

water flow, zones, A:272, 328, 408

water masses, sapropels, A:23

wax esters, sapropels, B:264

well-log units, correlation with lithostratigraphy, A:141-142, 194-196, 258, 260-263, 321, 323-324, 399; B:607-624

well-logging

Site 965, A:141-142
Site 966, A:192, 194-196
Site 967, A:255, 258-263
Site 968, A:321-324
Site 970, A:399; B:610-611
Site 971, A:444-445; B:613-614, 618-619
Site 973, A:489-491

well-logs

acoustic properties, B:535-543
lithofacies, B:490-491, 494-495, 497
shore-based processing, A:149, 207, 273, 329, 409, 448, 493; B:497

windborne input

provenance, B:225
provenance of major elements, B:213
provenance of trace elements, B:202

X
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X-ray diffraction data

carbonates, B:427-428
mass flow units, B:474
mud volcanoes, B:582-583, 609, 628
sediments, B:222-225

Xylophagou, lithofacies, B:555

Y
Up (1318 bytes)
Yerasa Fold and Thrust Belt, Miocene, B:690-691, 743, 759
Z
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Zanclean

chemostratigraphy and biostratigraphy, B:17, 21
distribution and abundance of planktonic foraminifers, B:16, 19
paleoceanography, B:113-123
See also Messinian/Zanclean boundary

Zanclean/Piacenzian boundary, cyclostratigraphy, B:196

zeaxanthin, sapropels, B:298-302

zeolites, origin, B:587

zinc, vs. depth, B:201

zircon, provenance of major elements, B:213

zirconium, provenance of major elements, B:213

zirconium/aluminum ratio, vs. depth, B:210-212

zonation, calcareous nannofossils, B:84

Zoophycos

chalk, B:410
lithofacies, B:408
lithologic units, A:60, 161, 220-223, 340-342
photograph, A:66, 68, 169, 171-172, 238, 350
sedimentary structures, B:471

Zyyi, Pleistocene fanglomerate, B:743