We are thankful to C.K. Paull, R. Matsumoto, and P.J. Wallace for providing the samples for this research. The contributions of the JOI/NERC Russian Scientist Support Program, the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources, and the Russian Ministry of Science and Technologies (the programs "World Ocean" and "Global Change") have made it possible to accomplish this work. We also thank W. Ussler, P. Garman, and H.J. Becker for their careful reviews.