Appendix Table 1. Ash layers for Hole 998A. Core Section "top, cm" "base, cm" "Thick, cm" Petrogr Depth Depth Biozone interpolated Comments Top (mbsf) Bottom (mbsf) Age (Ma) mbsf - nannos 3 4 18.0 30.0 12.0 "Gl, Hb, Pl" 22.80 24.30 CN 14a 0.88 26.05 slide 4 5 107.0 122.0 15.0 33.80 35.30 CN 13b at 100 cm (34.80 mbsf) 1.64 34.05 no slide 10 4 67.0 69.0 2.0 "bi, zeol, " 89.17 89.19 slide 13 3 18.0 33.0 15.0 "Bi, Pl" 116.30 117.85 CN 9a at 100 cm (117.30 mbsf) slide 3 89.0 91.0 2.0 no slide 4 0.0 2.0 2.0 117.85 119.35 CN 9a no slide 5 106.0 124.0 18.0 119.35 120.85 CN 9a no slide 14 1 80.0 84.0 4.0 122.80 124.30 CN 9a 8.281 126.05 no slide 5 147.0 149.0 2.0 no slide 6 0.0 21.0 21.0 130.30 131.70 CN 8 8.7 slide 6 130.0 132.0 2.0 8.788 no slide 15 3 46.0 55.0 9.0 135.30 136.80 CN 8 9.635 138.55 no slide 16 2 16.0 17.0 1.0 143.30 144.80 CN 7 9.641 no slide 3 35.0 38.0 3.0 144.80 146.30 CN 7 4 50.0 146.0 96.0 "Gl, Pl" 146.30 147.83 CN 7 10.45 slides 5 108.0 110.0 2.0 147.83 149.33 CN 7 at 100 cm (148.83 mbsf) no slide 6 44.0 48.0 4.0 149.33 150.83 CN 6 at 100 cm (150.33 mbsf) 10.476 149.58 6 73.0 83.0 10.0 slide 6 134.0 136.0 2.0 17 1 3.5 5.0 1.5 151.30 152.80 CN 6 no slide 2 80.0 86.0 6.0 152.80 154.30 CN 6 4 71.0 75.0 4.0 155.83 157.33 CN 6 no slide 4 119.0 129.0 10.0 10.705 slide 18 cc 11.0 19.0 8.0 Gl 165.66 165.90 CN 5 10.794 164.05 slide 19 3 50.0 58.0 8.0 "Gl, Bi, Pl" 169.20 170.70 CN 4-3 13.523 166.55 slide 20 1 35.0 38.5 3.5 "Gl, Bi" 175.90 177.40 CN 4-3 no slide 1 75.0 90.0 15.0 no slide 1 132.5 135.0 2.5 slide 2 3.0 14.0 11.0 177.40 178.90 CN 4-3 14 slide 2 73.5 77.0 3.5 no slide 3 97.0 107.0 10.0 "Gl, Bi, Pl" 178.90 180.40 CN 4-3 14.6 no slide 4 28.0 34.0 6.0 180.40 181.90 CN 4-3 14.8 no slide cc 20.0 40.0 20.0 183.30 183.70 CN 4-3 14.9 no slide 21 1 125.0 132.0 7.0 185.50 187.00 CN 4-3 15.1 no slide 3 45.0 52.0 7.0 188.50 190.00 CN 4-3 15.5 slide 4 60.0 80.0 20.0 190.00 191.50 CN 4-3 15.6 slide missing 5 26.0 29.0 3.0 191.50 192.16 CN 4-3 16 no slide 22 3 32.0 47.0 15.0 198.10 199.60 CN 4-3 16.1 no slide 6 34.0 37.0 no slide 23 2 52.0 63.0 11.0 206.30 207.80 CN 4-3 16.2 no slide 2 111.0 115.0 4.0 16.4 no slide 3 20.0 27.0 7.0 207.80 209.30 CN 4-3 17.3 no slide 4 0.0 2.0 2.0 209.30 210.80 CN 4-3 no slide 4 77.0 81.0 4.0 no slide 4 120.0 134.0 14.0 no slide 5 36.0 50.0 14.0 210.80 212.28 CN 4-3 no slide 24 1 91.0 99.0 8.0 "Gl, Bi, Pl" 214.40 215.90 CN 4-3 slide 5 39.0 44.0 5.0 220.40 221.90 CN 4-3 no slide 5 106.0 114.0 8.0 no slide 6 6.0 15.0 9.0 221.90 223.20 CN 4-3 no slide 6 81.0 85.0 4.0 no slide 25 1 90.0 108.0 18.0 224.00 225.50 CN 4-3 no slide 2 90.0 106.0 16.0 225.50 227.00 CN 4-3 no slide 3 71.0 110.0 39.0 227.00 228.50 CN 4-3 no slide 4 97.0 101.0 4.0 228.50 229.50 CN 4-3 no slide 26 1 20.0 32.0 12.0 233.60 235.10 CN 4-3 no slide 2 0.0 15.0 no slide 3 78.0 81.0 slide 5 18.0 29.0 11.0 239.60 240.42 CN 4-3 no slide cc 45.0 48.0 3.0 240.42 240.92 CN 4-3 18.2 no slide 27 1 43.0 48.0 5.0 243.20 244.70 CN 4-3 at 100 cm (244.20 mbsf) 18.3 244.75 no slide 1 115.0 121.0 6.0 18.8 no slide 2 78.0 85.0 7.0 "Gl, Bi, Qz" 244.70 246.20 CN 2 at 100 cm (245.70 mbsf) 19.1 slide 3 21.0 22.0 1.0 246.20 247.70 CN 2 19.2 no slide 4 0.0 14.0 14.0 247.70 249.20 CN 2 20.5 no slide 28 1 0.0 2.0 2.0 252.90 254.40 CN 2 21.5 no slide 1 100.0 115.0 15.0 "Gl, Bi, Pl" 22.1 slide 2 78.0 88.0 10.0 254.40 255.90 CN 2 21.6 no slide 3 97.0 103.0 6.0 255.90 257.40 CN 2 at 100 cm (256.90 mbsf) 21.6 no slide 4 115.0 129.0 14.0 257.40 258.90 CN 1 at 100 cm (258.40 mbsf) 23.2 no slide 5 10.0 25.0 no slide 29 2 71.0 78.0 7.0 "Gl, Bi, Qz, Pl, Hbl" 264.00 265.50 CN 1 no slide 3 68.0 70.0 2.0 265.50 267.00 CN 1 slide 3 147.0 147.5 0.5 no slide 31 3 125.0 144.0 19.0 284.70 286.20 CN 1 no slide 32 1 17.0 20.0 3.0 291.30 292.80 CN 1 23.3 no slide 34 4 28.0 32.0 4.0 315.00 316.50 CN 1 23.7 slide 4 66.0 79.0 13.0 23.8 no slide 35 3 2.5 3.0 0.5 "Gl, Bi" 323.20 324.70 CN 1 23.8 slide 36 2 81.0 87.0 6.0 Gl 331.30 332.80 CN 1 at 100 cm (332.30 mbsf) 23.8 slide 3 105.0 108.0 3.0 332.80 334.30 CP19b at 100 cm (333.80 mbsf) 23.9 333.05 no slide 3 139.0 148.0 9.0 Gl 24.3 slide 37 1 140.0 148.0 8.0 Gl 339.40 340.90 CP19b 24.5 slide 3 127.0 131.0 slide 38 1 83.0 83.5 0.5 "Gl, Bi" 349.00 350.50 CP19b 25.5 slide 42 1 36.0 41.0 5.0 Gl alt 387.60 389.10 CP19b 25.9 slide 47 1 48.0 50.0 2.0 "Bi, Gl alt" 435.70 437.20 CP19b 26.1 slide 49 4 35.0 38.0 3.0 "Bi, Gl alt" 459.40 459.96 CP19a 26.7 slide cc 0.0 6.0 6.0 Gl alt 459.96 460.31 CP19a 27.1 slide 52 1 123.0 131.0 8.0 "Bi, Gl alt" 483.70 485.20 slide 1 135.0 136.0 1.0 "Bi, Gl alt" slide 56 2 15.0 18.0 3.0 "Bi, Cpx, Gl alt" 523.60 525.10 slide 3 27.0 29.0 2.0 525.10 526.28 slide 59 1 55.0 59.0 4.0 "Gl alt, Pl, Qz" 551.10 552.60 slide cc 2.0 3.0 1.0 557.87 558.21 no slide 60 1 11.0 12.0 1.0 "Gl alt, Bi" 560.70 562.20 slide 4 17.0 19.0 2.0 565.20 566.70 no slide 5 63.0 71.0 8.0 566.70 568.20 no slide 61 1 122.0 130.0 8.0 570.30 571.80 no slide 2 132.0 138.0 6.0 571.80 573.30 no slide 62 3 79.0 85.0 6.0 582.90 584.40 no slide 3 90.0 97.0 7.0 "Pl, Gl" 584.40 585.40 slide 64 1 17.0 22.0 no slide cc 18.0 22.0 no slide