Table 3. Magnetic calibration and age estimates of diatom events useful for biostratigraphy in the Neogene through Quaternary periods of the North Pacific.

Table 3. Magnetic calibration and age estimates of diatom events useful for biostratigraphy in the Neogene through Quaternary periods of the North Pacific.

Event
Datum

BKFV85
(Ma)

CK92
(Ma)

CK95
(Ma)

Chron

Source

* LO Proboscia curvirostris 0.3-0.35 0.30 0.30 C1n Koizumi (1992)

LO Thalassiosira jouseae 0.26-0.39 0.30-0.41 0.30-0.41 C1n Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)

LO Rhizosolenia matuyamai 0.85-0.97 0.91-1.04 0.91-1.06 C1r.1n Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)

FO Rhizosolenia matuyamai 0.91-1.05 0.98-1.12 0.99-1.14 C1r.1n Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)

* LO Actinocyclus oculatus 0.93-1.33 1.00-1.44 1.01-1.46 C1r.1n Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)

FO Proboscia curvirostris 1.5 1.58
C1r.2r Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)

LO Coscinodiscus pustulatus 1.7 1.8

Barron (1980a)

LO Pyxidicula horridus 1.7 1.8-2.0 1.8-2.0
Barron (1992a)

LO Thalassiosira antiqua 1.43-1.70 1.5-1.8 1.52-1.8
Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)

FO Fragilariopsis doliolus 1.89-2.00 2 2 C2r.1r Barron (1992a)

* LO Neodenticula koizumii 1.9 2.0 2.0 C2r.1r Koizumi (1992)

LO Pyxidicula pustulata 2.0 2.0-2.2 2.0-2.14
Barron (1980a)

LO Thalassiosira convexa 2.3 2.4 2.35 C2r.1r Barron (1992a)

* LO Neodenticula kamtschatica 2.50-2.58 2.63-2.7 2.61-2.68 C2An.1n Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)

LCO Neodenticula kamtschatica 2.50-2.58 2.63-2.7 2.61-2.68
Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

FO Neodenticula seminae 2.6 2.7 2.68 C2An.1n Koizumi (1992)

LO Thalassiosira marujamica
3.1-3.2 3.08-3.2 C2An.1r to .2n Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

LO Thalassiosira jacksonii 3.1 3.1-3.4 3.08-3.41 C2An.1r to .3n Koizumi (1992)

* FO Neodenticula koizumii 3.6 3.51-3.85 3.53-3.95 C2Ar Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)

FO Actinocyclus oculatus 3.7 3.6-3.9 3.64-4.01 C2Ar Koizumi (1992)

FO Thalassiosira latimarginata 4.9 4.9 5.07 C3n.4n Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

* FO Thalassiosira oestrupii 5.1 5.3 5.49 C3r Barron (1992a)

LO Rouxia californica 5.2 5.5 5.9
Barron (1992a)

LO Thalassiosira miocenica 5.35 5.8 6.0 C3An.1n Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)

FO Thalassiosira praeoestrupii 5.54 5.95 6.1 C3An.1r Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

LO Thalassiosira praeconvexa 5.8 6.3
C3An.2n Barron (1992a)

FCO Neodenticula kamtschatica

6.4
Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998)

FO Thalassiosira miocenica 6.1 6.2 6.4 C3An.2n Barron (1992a)

* LCO Rouxia californica 6.1 6.46 6.65
Akiba (1986)

LO Cavitatus jouseanus
6.5-6.6 6.7-6.8 C3Ar Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

FO Thalassiosira jacksonii 6.4 6.8

Barron (1992a)

FO Nitzschia reinholdii 6.5 7.2-7.3 7.4-7.5 C4n.1n Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

FO Neodenticula kamtschatica 6.6 7.1-7.2 7.3-7.4 C3Br Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

* LCO Thalassionema schraderi 6.7 7.4 7.6 C4n.1r Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

LO Thalassiosira minutissima 7.5 8.2

Barron (1992a)

FCO Thalassionema schraderi

8.4
Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998)

FO Thalassiosira antiqua 7.6 8.3 8.5
Barron (1992a)

LO Denticulopsis katayamae 7.6 8.3 8.5
Barron (1992a)

FO Thalassiosira marujamica 7.8-7.9 8.4-8.5

Barron (1992a)

* LCO Denticulopsis simonsenii 8.0 8.4 8.6 C4r.2r Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

LO Lithodesmium reynoldsii 8.1 8.7

Barron (1992a)

* LO Denticulopsis dimorpha 8.4 9 9.16 C4Ar.1r Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

FO Denticulopsis katayamae 8.7 9.1 9.26 C4Ar.1n Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

FO Thalassionema schraderi
9.3 9.5 C4Ar Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

FO Thalassiosira minutissima 9.0 9.6

Barron (1992a)

* FO Denticulopsis dimorpha 8.9 9.8 9.9 C5n.2n Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

LO Nitzschia heteropolica
10.7-10.9 10.8-11.0 ca.C5n.2n base Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

LO Medialia splendida
10.7-10.9 10.8-11.0 ca.C5n.2n base Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

* LCO Denticulopsis praedimorpha 10.4 11.4 11.5 C5r.2n Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

FO Hemidiscus cuneiformis 11.4 11.7

Barron (1992a)

FO Thalassiosira brunii 11.5 11.8

Barron (1992a)

FO Proboscia barboi 11.2 12.2 12.3 C5An.2n Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

LO Crucidenticula nicobarica 12.2 12.4 12.5
Barron (1992a)

* FO Denticulopsis praedimorpha 12.6 12.8 12.9 C5Ar.3r Gersonde and Burckle (1990)

* FCO Denticulopsis simonsenii 13.65 13.1 13.1 C5AAr Barron (1992a)

* LCO Denticulopsis hyalina 13.65 13.1 13.1
Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998)

LO Thalassiosira praeyabei 13.4 13.4

Barron (1992a)

FO Thalassiosira grunowii 13.75 13.7

Barron (1992a)

* FO Denticulopsis simonsenii 14.3 14.4-14.6 14.4-14.6 C5ADn Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

FO Thalassiosira praeyabei 14.8 14.7

Barron (1992a)

LO Crucidenticula kanayae 14.8 14.7

Barron (1992a)

* FO Denticulopsis hyalina 15 14.9 14.9 C5Bn.1r Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

FO Actinocyclus ingens nodus 15.2 15.1 15.1-15.6
Barron (1992a)

LO Denticulopsis praelauta 15.3-15.7 15.2-15.6 15.7
Barron (1992a)

* FO Denticulopsis lauta 16 15.9 15.9
Barron (1992a)

* FO Denticulopsis praelauta 16.3 16.3 16.3
Barron (1992a)

* FO Crucidenticula kanayae 18 16.9 16.9 C5Cr Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

FO Actinocyclus ingens 17.9 17.6

Barron (1992a)

* FO Crucidenticula sawamurae 17.8 18.4 18.4 C5En Barron (1992a)

FO Thalassiosira fraga 20.3-20.4 20.1 20.3
Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

Event	Datum	BKFV85 (Ma)	CK92 (Ma)	CK95 (Ma)	Chron	Source
*	LO	Proboscia curvirostris	0.3-0.35	0.30	0.30	C1n	Koizumi (1992)
	LO	Thalassiosira jouseae	0.26-0.39	0.30-0.41	0.30-0.41	C1n	Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)
	LO	Rhizosolenia matuyamai	0.85-0.97	0.91-1.04	0.91-1.06	C1r.1n	Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)
	FO	Rhizosolenia matuyamai	0.91-1.05	0.98-1.12	0.99-1.14	C1r.1n	Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)
*	LO	Actinocyclus oculatus	0.93-1.33	1.00-1.44	1.01-1.46	C1r.1n	Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)
	FO	Proboscia curvirostris	1.5	1.58		C1r.2r	Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)
	LO	Coscinodiscus pustulatus	1.7	1.8			Barron (1980a)
	LO	Pyxidicula horridus	1.7	1.8-2.0	1.8-2.0		Barron (1992a)
	LO	Thalassiosira antiqua	1.43-1.70	1.5-1.8	1.52-1.8		Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)
	FO	Fragilariopsis doliolus	1.89-2.00	2	2	C2r.1r	Barron (1992a)
*	LO	Neodenticula koizumii	1.9	2.0	2.0	C2r.1r	Koizumi (1992)
	LO	Pyxidicula pustulata	2.0	2.0-2.2	2.0-2.14		Barron (1980a)
	LO	Thalassiosira convexa	2.3	2.4	2.35	C2r.1r	Barron (1992a)
*	LO	Neodenticula kamtschatica	2.50-2.58	2.63-2.7	2.61-2.68	C2An.1n	Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)
	LCO	Neodenticula kamtschatica	2.50-2.58	2.63-2.7	2.61-2.68		Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	FO	Neodenticula seminae	2.6	2.7	2.68	C2An.1n	Koizumi (1992)
	LO	Thalassiosira marujamica		3.1-3.2	3.08-3.2	C2An.1r to .2n	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	LO	Thalassiosira jacksonii	3.1	3.1-3.4	3.08-3.41	C2An.1r to .3n	Koizumi (1992)
*	FO	Neodenticula koizumii	3.6	3.51-3.85	3.53-3.95	C2Ar	Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)
	FO	Actinocyclus oculatus	3.7	3.6-3.9	3.64-4.01	C2Ar	Koizumi (1992)
	FO	Thalassiosira latimarginata	4.9	4.9	5.07	C3n.4n	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
*	FO	Thalassiosira oestrupii	5.1	5.3	5.49	C3r	Barron (1992a)
	LO	Rouxia californica	5.2	5.5	5.9		Barron (1992a)
	LO	Thalassiosira miocenica	5.35	5.8	6.0	C3An.1n	Koizumi and Tanimura (1985)
	FO	Thalassiosira praeoestrupii	5.54	5.95	6.1	C3An.1r	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	LO	Thalassiosira praeconvexa	5.8	6.3		C3An.2n	Barron (1992a)
	FCO	Neodenticula kamtschatica			6.4		Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998)
	FO	Thalassiosira miocenica	6.1	6.2	6.4	C3An.2n	Barron (1992a)
*	LCO	Rouxia californica	6.1	6.46	6.65		Akiba (1986)
	LO	Cavitatus jouseanus		6.5-6.6	6.7-6.8	C3Ar	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	FO	Thalassiosira jacksonii	6.4	6.8			Barron (1992a)
	FO	Nitzschia reinholdii	6.5	7.2-7.3	7.4-7.5	C4n.1n	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	FO	Neodenticula kamtschatica	6.6	7.1-7.2	7.3-7.4	C3Br	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
*	LCO	Thalassionema schraderi	6.7	7.4	7.6	C4n.1r	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	LO	Thalassiosira minutissima	7.5	8.2			Barron (1992a)
	FCO	Thalassionema schraderi			8.4		Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998)
	FO	Thalassiosira antiqua	7.6	8.3	8.5		Barron (1992a)
	LO	Denticulopsis katayamae	7.6	8.3	8.5		Barron (1992a)
	FO	Thalassiosira marujamica	7.8-7.9	8.4-8.5			Barron (1992a)
*	LCO	Denticulopsis simonsenii	8.0	8.4	8.6	C4r.2r	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	LO	Lithodesmium reynoldsii	8.1	8.7			Barron (1992a)
*	LO	Denticulopsis dimorpha	8.4	9	9.16	C4Ar.1r	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	FO	Denticulopsis katayamae	8.7	9.1	9.26	C4Ar.1n	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	FO	Thalassionema schraderi		9.3	9.5	C4Ar	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	FO	Thalassiosira minutissima	9.0	9.6			Barron (1992a)
*	FO	Denticulopsis dimorpha	8.9	9.8	9.9	C5n.2n	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	LO	Nitzschia heteropolica		10.7-10.9	10.8-11.0	ca.C5n.2n base	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	LO	Medialia splendida		10.7-10.9	10.8-11.0	ca.C5n.2n base	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
*	LCO	Denticulopsis praedimorpha	10.4	11.4	11.5	C5r.2n	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	FO	Hemidiscus cuneiformis	11.4	11.7			Barron (1992a)
	FO	Thalassiosira brunii	11.5	11.8			Barron (1992a)
	FO	Proboscia barboi	11.2	12.2	12.3	C5An.2n	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	LO	Crucidenticula nicobarica	12.2	12.4	12.5		Barron (1992a)
*	FO	Denticulopsis praedimorpha	12.6	12.8	12.9	C5Ar.3r	Gersonde and Burckle (1990)
*	FCO	Denticulopsis simonsenii	13.65	13.1	13.1	C5AAr	Barron (1992a)
*	LCO	Denticulopsis hyalina	13.65	13.1	13.1		Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998)
	LO	Thalassiosira praeyabei	13.4	13.4			Barron (1992a)
	FO	Thalassiosira grunowii	13.75	13.7			Barron (1992a)
*	FO	Denticulopsis simonsenii	14.3	14.4-14.6	14.4-14.6	C5ADn	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	FO	Thalassiosira praeyabei	14.8	14.7			Barron (1992a)
	LO	Crucidenticula kanayae	14.8	14.7			Barron (1992a)
*	FO	Denticulopsis hyalina	15	14.9	14.9	C5Bn.1r	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	FO	Actinocyclus ingens nodus	15.2	15.1	15.1-15.6		Barron (1992a)
	LO	Denticulopsis praelauta	15.3-15.7	15.2-15.6	15.7		Barron (1992a)
*	FO	Denticulopsis lauta	16	15.9	15.9		Barron (1992a)
*	FO	Denticulopsis praelauta	16.3	16.3	16.3		Barron (1992a)
*	FO	Crucidenticula kanayae	18	16.9	16.9	C5Cr	Barron and Gladenkov (1995)
	FO	Actinocyclus ingens	17.9	17.6			Barron (1992a)
*	FO	Crucidenticula sawamurae	17.8	18.4	18.4	C5En	Barron (1992a)
	FO	Thalassiosira fraga	20.3-20.4	20.1	20.3		Barron and Gladenkov (1995)

Notes: Based on the time scales of Berggren et al. (1985b) and Cande and Kent (1992, 1995). BKFV85 = Berggren et al., 1985b; CK92 = Cande and Kent, 1992; CK95 = Cande and Kent, 1995. FO = first occurrence, LO = last occurrence, FCO = first common or consistent occurrence. LCO = last common or consistent occurrence. * = datums marking zonal boundaries.