Bod駭, P., and Backman, J., 1996. A laminated sediment sequence from northern North Atlantic Ocean and its climatic record. Geology, 24:507-510.
Collingwood, C., 1868. Observations on the microscopic alga which causes the discoloration of the sea in various parts of the world. Trans. R. Microsc. Soc., 16:85-92.
Goldstein, J.I., Newbury, D.E., Echlin, P., Joyce, D.C., Fiori, C., and Lifshin, E., 1981. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis: New York (Plenum).
Grimm, K.A., 1992. High-resolution imaging of laminated biosiliceous sediments and their paleoceanographic significance (Quaternary, Site 798, Oki Ridge, Japan Sea). In Pisciotto, K.A., Ingle, J.C., Jr., von Breymann, M.T., Barron, J., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 127/128 (Pt. 1): College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 547-557.
Kemp, A.E.S., 1990. Sedimentary fabrics and variation in lamination style in Peru continental margin upwelling sediments. In Suess, E., von Huene, R., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 112: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 43-58.
覧覧, 1995. Laminated sediments from coastal and open ocean upwelling zones: what variability would they record? In Summerhayes, C.P., Emeis, K.-C., Angel, M.V., Smith, R.L., and Zeitzschel, B. (Eds.), Upwelling in the Ocean: Modern Processes and Ancient Records. Dahlem Workshop Rep. ES18:239-257.
Kemp, A.E.S., Baldauf, J.G., and Pearce, RB, 1995. Origins and paleoceanographic significance of laminated diatom ooze from the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. In Pisias, N.G., Mayer, L.A., Janecek, T.R., Palmer-Julson, A., and van Andel, T.H. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 138: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 641-645.
Kemp, A.E.S., Pearce, R.B., Pike, J., and Marshall, J.E.A., 1998. Microfabric and microcompositional studies of Pliocene and quaternary sapropels from the Eastern Mediterranean. In Robertson, A.H.F., Emeis, K.-C., Richter, C., and Camerlenghi, A. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results,160: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 333-348. [PDF version]
Lyle, M., Koizumi, I., Richter, C., et al., 1997. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 167: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program). [HTML version]
Mikkelsen, N., 1977. On the origin of Ethmodiscus ooze. Mar. Micropaleontol., 2:35-46.
Pearce, R.B., Kemp, A.E.S., Koizumi, I., Pike, J., Cramp, A., and Rowland, S.J., 1998. A lamina-scale, SEM-based study of a late Quaternary diatom-ooze sapropel from the Mediterranean Ridge, Site 971. In Robertson, A.H.F., Emeis, K.-C., Richter, C., and Camerlenghi, A. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 160: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 349-363. [PDF version]
Pike, J., and Kemp, A.E.S., 1996. Preparation and analysis techniques for studies of laminated sediments. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. London, 116:37-48.
覧覧, 1997. Early Holocene decadal-scale ocean variability recorded in Gulf of California laminated sediments. Paleoceanography, 12:227-238.
Ricard, M., 1970. Observations sur les diatom馥s marines du genre Ethmodiscus Castr. Rev. Algologique, 10:56-73.
Rivera, P.S., Avaria, S., and Barrales, H.L., 1989. Ethmodiscus rex collected by net sampling off the coast of northern Chile. Diatom Res., 4:131-142.
Round, F.E., 1980. Forms of the giant diatom Ethmodiscus from the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Phycologia, 19:307-316.
Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M., and Mann, D.G., 1990. The Diatoms: Biology and Morphology of the Genera: Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press).
Shipboard Scientific Party, 1997. Site 1010. In Lyle, M., Koizumi, I., Richter, C., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. Repts.,167: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 49-84. [PDF version]
Stabell, B., 1986. Variations of diatom flux in the eastern equatorial Atlantic during the last 400,000 years ("Meteor" cores 13519 and 13521). Mar. Geol., 72:305-323.
Villareal, T.A., 1988. Positive buoyancy in the oceanic diatom Rhizosolenia debyana H. Peragallo. Deep-Sea Res., 35:1037-1045.
覧覧, 1992. Buoyancy properties of the giant diatom Ethmodiscus. J. Plankton Res., 14:459-463.
覧覧, 1993. Abundance of the giant diatom Ethmodiscus in the southwest Atlantic Ocean and central Pacific gyre. Diatom Res., 8:171-177.
Villareal, T.A., Altabet, M.A., and Culver-Rymsza, K., 1993. Nitrogen transport by vertically migrating diatom mats in the North Pacific Ocean. Nature, 363:709-712.
Villareal, T.A., and Carpenter, E.J., 1989. Nitrogen fixation, suspension characteristics, and chemical composition of Rhizosolenia mats in the Central North Pacific gyre. Biol. Oceanogr., 6:327-345.
覧覧, 1994. Chemical composition and photosynthetic characteristics of Ethmodiscus rex (Bacillariophyceae): evidence for vertical migration. J. Phycol., 30:1-8.
Yoder, J.A., Ackleson, S., Barber, R., and Flamant, P., 1994. A line in the sea. Nature, 371:689-692.