REFERENCES

Ames, D.E., Franklin, J.M., and Hannington, M.H., 1993. Mineralogy and geochemistry of active and inactive chimneys and massive sulfide, Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: an evolving hydrothermal system. Can. Mineral., 31:997-1024.

Brown, A.C., 1992. Sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits. Geosci. Can., 119:124-141.

Butterfield, D.A., McDuff, R.E., Franklin, J., and Wheat, C.G., 1994. Geochemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 395-410.

Campbell, A.C., German, C.R., Palmer, M.R., Gamo, T., and Edmond, J.M., 1994. Chemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge. In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., Reiss, C.A. (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull., 2022:201-221.

Cox, S.F., Sun, S.S., Etheridge, M.A., Wall, V.J., and Potter, T.F., 1995. Structural and geochemical controls on the development of turbidite-hosted gold quartz vein deposits, Wattle Gully Mine, Central Victoria, Australia. Econ. Geol., 90:1722-1746.

Davis, E.E., and Becker, K., 1994. Thermal and tectonic structure of the Escanaba Trough: new heat-flow measurements and seismic-reflection profiles. In Moreton, J., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A. (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull., 2022:45-64.

Davis, E.E., Chapman, D.S., Mottl, M.J., Bentkowski, W.J., Dadey, K., Forster, C., Harris, R., Nagihara, S., Rohr, K., Wheat, G., and Whiticar, M., 1992. FlankFlux: an experiment to study the nature of hydrothermal circulation in young oceanic crust. Can. J. Earth Sci., 29:925-952.

Davis, E.E., and Fisher, A.T., 1994. On the nature and consequences of hydrothermal circulation in the Middle Valley sedimented rift: inferences from geophysical and geochemical observations, Leg 139. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 695-717.

Davis, E.E., Mottl, M.J., Fisher, A.T., et al., 1992. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).

Davis, E.E., and Villinger, H., 1992. Tectonic and thermal structure of the Middle Valley sedimented rift, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. In Davis, E.E., Mottl, M.J., Fisher, A.T., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 9-41.

Duckworth, R.C., Fallick, A.E., and Rickard, D., 1994. Mineralogy and sulfur isotopic composition of the Middle Valley massive sulfide deposit, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. In Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 373-385.

Etheridge, M.A., Wall, V.J., Cox, S.F., and Vernon, R.H., 1984. High fluid pressures during regional metamorphism and deformation: implications for mass transport and deformation mechanisms. J. Geophys. Res., 89:4344-4358.

Fehn, U., and Cathles, L.M., 1979. Hydrothermal convection at slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges. Tectonophysics, 55:239-260.

Fouquet, Y., Zierenberg, R.A., Miller, D.J., et al., 1998. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 169: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).

Fox, J.S., 1984. Beshi-type volcanogenic sulphide deposits: a review. CIM Bull., 77:57-68.

Goodfellow, W.D., and Franklin, J.M., 1993. Geology, mineralogy and chemistry of sediment-hosted clastic massive sulfides in shallow cores, Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. Econ. Geol., 88:2033-2064.

Karson, J.A., and Rona, P.A., 1990. Block tilting, transfer faults, and structural control of magmatic and hydrothermal processes in the TAG area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26° N. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 102:1635-1645.

Lowell, R.P., and Rona, P.A., 1985. Hydrothermal models for the generation of massive sulfide ore deposits. J. Geophys. Res., 90:8769-8783.

Macdonald, K.C., and Luyendyk, B.P., 1977. Deep-tow studies of the structure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge crest near 37° N (FAMOUS). Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 88:621-636.

Mottl, M.J., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., and Slack, J.F. (Eds.), 1994. Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 139: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).

Phillips, W.J., 1972. Hydraulic fracturing and mineralization. J. Geol. Soc. London, 128:337-359.

Ribando, R.J., Torrance, K.E., and Turcotte, D.L., 1976. Numerical models for hydrothermal circulation in the oceanic crust. J. Geophys. Res., 81:3007-3012. [AUTHOR: Not cited in text. Please cite or delete reference.]

Rona, P.A., and Clague, D.A., 1989. Geologic controls of hydrothermal discharge on the northern Gorda Ridge. Geology, 17:1097-1101.

Strens, M.R., and Cann, J.R., 1982. A model of hydrothermal circulation in fault zones at mid-ocean ridge crests. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 71:225-240.

Zierenberg, R.A., Koski, R.A., Morton, J.L., Bouse, R.M., and Shanks, W.C., III, 1993. Genesis of massive sulfide deposits on a sediment-covered spreading center, Escanaba Trough, 41°N, Gorda Ridge. Econ. Geol., 88:2069-2098.

Zierenberg, R.A., Morton, J.L., Koski, R.A., and Ross, S.L., 1994. Geologic setting of massive sulfide mineralization in the Escanaba Trough. In Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., and Reiss, C.A. (Eds.), Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull., 2022:171-197.