SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX
A-M

age. See depth/age interval rate
age vs. depth Site 1039, A:47, 74; B5:31 Site 1040, A:97, 123; B5:32 Site 1041, A:154, 170 Site 1042, A:190 Site 1043, A:216, 232; B5:33
age-depth plots Site 1039, A:71 Site 1041, A:167, 170 Site 1043, A:233 structural setting, B4:2-3
alkalinity pore water, A:73, 133, 173-175, 235-236 vs. depth, A:79, 133, 178, 237
aluminum oxide sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash, A:178 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:140-141 vs. depth, A:140 See also chromium/aluminum oxide ratio; iron oxide/aluminum oxide ratio; silica/aluminum oxide ratio; titanium oxide/aluminum oxide ratio
Alvin dives, fluid flow, A:11
ammonium pore water, A:73, 133-134, 173-175, 235-236 vs. depth, A:79, 133, 178, 237
amphibole, lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 219-220
anorthite, lithostratigraphic units, A:58-60
augite lithostratigraphic units, A:60, 108 photograph, A:60
authigenic minerals, décollement zone, B3:11

barium flux, A:14-15 sediments, A:79 sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash, A:177-178 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:77, 137-141 vs. depth, A:81, 139, 181, 210
barium/cerium ratio sediments and volcanic ash, A:177-178 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:140-141
barium/rubidium ratio, sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:140-141
basalts photograph, A:201 See also mid-ocean-ridge basalts
basalts, doleritic, lithostratigraphic units, A:195, 197
bathymetric maps, Middle America Trench, A:49; B5:26
bathymetry, Middle America Trench, A:16
bedding décollement zone, A:229 deformation, A:60 lithostratigraphic units, A:197-198 sedimentary wedges, A:109-113 structural domains, A:162, 223-226 underthrust section, A:114-115
Benioff Zone. See Wadati-Benioff Zone
beryllium-10, sediments, A:13, 15
biochronology, planktonic foraminifers, B6:18
biogenic component, lithostratigraphic units, A:60-61
biostratigraphic datums, depth, A:73, 130, 174, 236
biostratigraphy calcareous nannofossils, B5:1-63 diatoms, B2:1-22 planktonic foraminifers, B1:1-58; B6:3-4 Site 1039, A:61-71; B1:2-3 Site 1040, A:116-126; B1:3 Site 1041, A:163-170; B1:3-4 Site 1042, A:199-201; B1:4 Site 1043, A:227-233; B1:4-5
bioturbation lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 55-56, 219-220 photograph, A:55 underthrust section, A:113-115 See also burrows; Zoophycos
black shale, Jurassic-Cretaceous, A:7
Blake Event, sediments, A:70
boudinage photograph, A:224 underthrust section, A:114-115
breccia Jurassic-Cretaceous, A:7 lithostratigraphic units, A:57, 60-61, 103-104, 106-108, 195, 197, 219-220 photograph, A:223-224 underthrust section, A:114-115
breccia, granule-pebble, photograph, A:58
breccia, sandstone, photograph, A:198
breccia, sedimentary, photograph, A:104, 107, 197
brittle deformation décollement zone, B3:6-7 underthrust section, B3:7-8
bulk density logs, vs. depth, A:85, 144, 241-242
burrows lithostratigraphic units, A:104, 106-108, 219-221 photograph, A:55, 115, 226-227 photomicrograph, B3:21 See also bioturbation; Zoophycos
burrows, ash, lithostratigraphic units, A:60-61
bytownite, lithostratigraphic units, A:58-60

calcite lithostratigraphic units, A:56-57, 159, 161, 195, 197 photograph, A:62
calcite, neomorphic, electron micrograph, B3:25
calcite crystals, photograph, A:200
calcium pore water, A:74, 134, 175, 203, 205, 236 vs. depth, A:80, 134, 178, 207, 238 See also magnesium/calcium ratio
calcium carbonate sediments, A:75-76, 134-137, 176-177, 179-180, 206, 209, 237-239 See also carbonates
calcium oxide sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:140-141 vs. depth, A:140
caliper logs vs. depth, A:144 See also differential caliper logs
carbon, inorganic, sediments, A:75-76, 134-137, 176-177, 179-180, 206, 209, 237-239
carbon, organic, sediments, A:75, 137, 176-177, 206, 237-238
carbon, total, sediments, A:76, 135-136, 179-180, 209, 239
carbon, total organic sediments, A:76, 135-136, 179-180, 209, 239 vs. depth, A:81, 137, 180, 239
carbon, total organic/total nitrogen ratio organic matter, A:137 sediments, A:179-180, 209, 239
carbonate content compaction, A:137 sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 vs. depth, A:81, 137, 180, 190, 217, 239
carbonates lithostratigraphic units, A:159, 161 photograph, A:198 See also calcite; calcium carbonate; dolomite; micrite
Caribbean Plate plate boundary, A:7 seismicity, A:7-9
Carnegie Ridge, plate tectonics, B7:1-10
Central America S, tectonics, A:8-9
Central American Isthmus, biostratigraphy, B5:18
Central American Seaway, paleoceanography, B6:5-6
cerium sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:77-78, 140-141 vs. depth, A:82-83 See also barium/cerium ratio
chalcopyrite, photograph, A:62
chalk lithostratigraphic units, A:220 photograph, A:58, 116
chalk, interbed, photograph, A:224
chalk, nannofossil lithostratigraphic units, A:106-108 photograph, A:115, 224
chalk, siliceous nannofossil, lithostratigraphic units, A:106-108
chert lithostratigraphic units, A:195, 197, 219-220 photograph, A:201
chert, radiolarian, Jurassic-Cretaceous, A:7
chloride pore water, A:72-73, 131, 172-173, 203, 235 vs. depth, A:79, 131, 176, 207, 236 See also sodium/chloride ratio
chlorinity, vs. depth, A:48, 98, 154, 190, 217
chlorite, photograph, A:62
chloritization, lithostratigraphic units, A:108
chromaticity ratio, lithostratigraphic units, A:93, 152, 247
chromium sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 vs. depth, A:210
chromium/aluminum oxide ratio, vs. silica/aluminum oxide ratio, A:182
Chron C2An.3n, sediments, A:70
Chron C2r.1n, sediments, A:127
Chron C3Bn, sediments, A:127
Chron C3n.2n, sediments, A:167
Chron C4n.2n, sediments, A:167
Chron C5Ar.1n, sediments, A:70
Chron C5Cn.2n, sediments, A:70
chronology, calcareous nannofossils, B5:6-17
chronostratigraphy, planktonic foraminifers, B1:1-58
clasts lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 103-104, 195, 220 photograph, A:59, 224 X-ray fluorescence data, A:206
clasts, chalk, photograph, A:116, 224
clasts, claystone, photograph, A:223
clasts, doleritic basalt lithostratigraphic units, A:195, 197 photograph, A:201
clasts, igneous breccia major elements, A:209 trace elements, A:209
clasts, mud, photograph, A:104, 106, 111, 161
clasts, ooze, lithostratigraphic units, A:57
clasts, quartz, lithostratigraphic units, A:58-60
clasts, sedimentary breccia, trace elements, A:209
clasts, tephra, photograph, A:107
clay electron micrograph, B3:24 lithostratigraphic units, A:158-159, 161-162, 219-221 photograph, A:221, 223, 225
clay, calcareous lithostratigraphic units, A:221, 223 photograph, A:221, 226
clay, silty lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 55-56, 103-104, 158-159, 161-162, 219-221 photograph, A:221, 224-226
clay minerals electron micrograph, B3:24 lithostratigraphic units, A:55-57
claystone lithostratigraphic units, A:106-108, 158-159, 161-162 overconsolidation, B3:8-9 photograph, A:224
claystone, calcareous, lithostratigraphic units, A:106
claystone, silty lithostratigraphic units, A:103-104, 106, 194-195 photograph, A:112-113, 161, 163
cobbles lithostratigraphic units, A:220 photograph, A:223
Cocos Plate lithostratigraphic units, A:60-61 seismicity, A:7-9 structural setting, B4:3 subduction, A:7
Cocos Ridge plate boundary, A:7 plate tectonics, B7:2
Cocos-Nazca Spreading Center, plate tectonic evolution, B7:1-10
Coiba Ridge, plate tectonics, B7:6
Colombia, plate boundary, A:7
colorimetry, sediments, A:86-87, 151, 182, 246-247
compaction, underthrust section, A:137; B3:8
compressional wave velocity cores, A:213 sediments, A:80-81, 87-88, 142-143, 145, 181, 207, 243-244 vs. depth, A:88, 185, 211
compressional wave velocity, acoustic, wireline sonic logging, A:145
concretions lithostratigraphic units, A:159, 161, 220 See also nodules
concretions, pyrite, lithostratigraphic units, A:53
copper lithostratigraphic units, A:57 sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:77, 137-141 vs. depth, A:81-82
correlation, zoning, A:118, 202, 232; B5:27-29
Costa Rica, plate boundary, A:7
Costa Rica Margin calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B5:1-63 diatoms, B2:1-22 fluid flow, B4:1-11 geology, A:7-17 paleoceanography, B6:1-28 planktonic foraminifers, B1:1-58 structures, B3:1-32
Costa Rica Rift, tectonics, A:8-9
Costa Rica shear zone, seismicity, A:7-9
cracks, dilation, B4:6
Cretaceous, ophiolites, A:7
cross laminations, photograph, A:225
cumulates, lithostratigraphic units, A:60, 108

debris flows, lithostratigraphic units, A:60-61
décollement zone consolidation, A:141 core photograph, B3:22 kinematic evolution, B3:11 photograph, A:112-113, 224 sedimentary wedges, A:112-113 structural column, B3:23 structural domains, A:115-116, 226 structural log, A:113 structural setting, B4:3 structures, B3:6-7, 12
deformation dewatering, B4:4-5 See also brittle deformation; fabric; fissility; structures
deformation bands electron micrograph, B3:20 photograph, A:111 sedimentary wedges, A:109-113; B3:4-6, 10 sequential development, B3:30 structural domains, A:225-226 underthrust section, B3:11-12
demagnetization gabbro intrusions, A:70 sediments, A:70
density sediments, A:79-80, 84, 141-142, 178, 180, 183, 206-207, 210, 238-240 See also bulk density logs
density, bulk gamma-ray attenuation data, A:84, 182,. 210, 240 vs. depth, A:48, 98, 154, 190, 217
density, grain, vs. depth, A:47, 97, 154, 190, 216
deposition, environment, A:104
depth/age interval rate, vs. depth, A:47, 97, 216
dewatering, deformation, B4:4-5
diapirs, photograph, A:116
diatom zones, vs. depth, A:63, 118, 165, 202, 232
diatomite, clayey, lithostratigraphic units, A:104, 106
diatomite, lithostratigraphic units, A:106-108
diatoms biostratigraphy, A:65, 67-69, 121-122, 164-166, 199-200, 230-231; B2:1-22 lithostratigraphic units, A:103-104, 106, 195, 220-221 range distribution chart, A:66-67, 122, 168, 203, 231 vs. depth, A:202
differential caliper logs, vs. depth, A:241-242
dilation, heat flow, B4:6
dip underthrust section, A:114-115 vs. depth, A:112, 164
dip, bedding, stereoplots, A:117
dolomite, lithostratigraphic units, A:161
Domain I claystone, A:162 photograph, A:163 sedimentary wedge, A:109-113, 223-226
Domain II décollement zone, A:226 photograph, A:163 siltstone-sandstone, A:162
Domain IIA, upper underthrust section, A:113-114
Domain IIB, lower underthrust section, A:114-115
Domain III, underthrust section, A:226-227
Domain IIB, photograph, A:115
downhole measurements Site 1039, A:80-89 Site 1040, A:142-151 Site 1042, A:207-208 Site 1043, A:238-247
ductile deformation, décollement zone, B3:6-7

earthquakes, seismicity, A:7-9
East Pacific Rise, seismicity, A:8
Ecuador Rift, tectonics, A:8-9
effective overburden stress. See shear strength/effective overburden stress ratio
ethane hydrate gases, A:171-172 sediments, A:72, 129, 131, 171, 203, 234-235 vs. depth, A:130, 175, 229 See also methane/ethane ratio

fabric electron micrograph, B3:20 structural domains, A:115-116 underthrust section, B3:7-8
fabric, scaly lithostratigraphic units, A:197-198 sedimentary wedges, B3:4-6 structural domains, A:223-227
Farallon Plate, plate tectonics, B7:1-10
fault zones, photograph, A:114
faults deformation, A:60 dewatering, B4:4-5 photomicrograph, B3:21 sedimentary wedges, B3:6 structural domains, A:223-227 underthrust section, A:114-115; B3:8, 11-12 See also microfaults
faults, normal, photograph, A:55
faults, thrust, lithostratigraphic units, A:197-198
feldspar lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 161, 219-221 See also anorthite; bytownite; plagioclase
fish debris, lithostratigraphic units, A:161, 195
fissility sedimentary wedges, A:109-113; B3:4-6 structural domains, A:162, 223-227
fluid flow Alvin dives, A:11 overconsolidation, B3:9 structures, B3:1-32; B4:1-11
fluid pressure, differential, vs. time, B3:28
folding, sedimentary wedges, A:110-113
folds lithostratigraphic units, A:195 photograph, A:111 Pleistocene, A:12 See also slump folds
foraminifers lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 159, 161, 195, 219-220 See also planktonic foraminifer zones
foraminifers, planktonic biochronology, B6:18 biostratigraphy, A:69-70, 122-126, 166-167, 200-201, 231-232; B1:1-58; B6:3-4 paleoceanography, B6:1-28 range distribution chart, A:68-69, 124-125, 169, 204, 233 ratio of surface- and intermediate-water dwellers to total assemblage, B6:14, 17 ratio of warm-water dwellers to total assemblage, B6:12-13, 15-16 vs. depth, A:202
formation factor, vs. depth, A:91, 243
fracture surfaces, electron micrograph, B3:24
fractures décollement zone, B3:6-7, 11 electron micrograph, B3:24 lithostratigraphic units, A:195, 197 photograph, A:112-113, 199 sedimentary wedges, A:109-113; B3:4-6 structural domains, A:115-116, 162, 223-227
fractures, tension, photograph, A:224

gabbros geochemistry, A:134, 137, 140-141 minor elements, A:77, 138 paleomagnetism, A:70-71 thin sections, A:61, 109 trace elements, A:78, 139 X-ray fluorescence data, A:76-79, 137-141
gabbros, glomeroporphyritic pyroxene, photograph, A:60, 62
gabbros, pyroxene lithostratigraphic units, A:58-60, 108 photograph, A:108 vs. depth, A:61
Galapagos Hotspot lithostratigraphic units, A:60-61 plate boundary, A:7; B7:4
Galapagos spreading center, seismicity, A:8
gamma rays attenuation, A:141 bulk density data, A:141 cores, A:211, 244 lithology, A:87-88, 151, 180-181, 207, 240, 242 vs. depth, A:184, 211, 217
gamma-ray logs, vs. depth, A:48, 86, 98, 143-144, 212, 241-242
gas hydrates lithology, A:162 lithostratigraphic units, A:159
gases, headspace composition, A:74, 206, 236 molecular composition, A:175
gases, vacutainer composition, A:206 molecular composition, A:176 sediments, A:131
gases, volatile, sediments, A:129, 131, 203
geochemistry pore water, B4:5-6 Site 1039, A:71-79 Site 1040, A:127-141 Site 1041, A:170-178 Site 1042, A:201-206 Site 1043, A:233-238 subduction, A:13-14
geology, Costa Rica Margin, A:7-17
geomechanical constraints, fluid flow, B3:1-32
glass, lithostratigraphic units, A:108
glauconite, lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 161-162, 195, 219-220
glomerocrysts lithostratigraphic units, A:58-60, 108 photograph, A:60, 108 vs. depth, A:61
granules, photograph, A:164, 223
gravity flows environment, A:104 See also debris flows
greigite, sediments, A:167
Guatemala, plate boundary, A:7

heat flow anomalies, A:10-11 sediments, A:86, 149, 151, 182 thermal conductivity, B4:5-6 vs. distance from deformation front, A:14
hemipelagic deposition, environment, A:104
hornfels, lithostratigraphic units, A:58-60
hotspots evolution, B7:10 lithostratigraphic units, A:60-61
hydrate gases, molecular composition, A:171-172
hydrocarbons, volatile, sediments, A:72, 171, 234-235

igneous rocks, X-ray fluorescence data, A:206
impedance, vs. depth, A:88
impedance logs, bulk density, A:146
injection structures, photograph, A:116
intrusions lithostratigraphic units, A:58-60 paleomagnetism, A:70-71
intrusions, gabbroic, photograph, A:107
iron oxide ooze, A:78 sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash, A:177-178 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:140-141 vs. depth, A:83, 140, 181, 210
iron oxide/aluminum oxide ratio, vs. silica/aluminum oxide ratio, A:182
isotopes. See beryllium-10

Jamaica Event, sediments, A:127
joints, sedimentary wedges, A:109-113
Jurassic, ophiolites, A:7

kinematic evolution, structures, B3:10-12
kink bands dewatering, B4:4-5 electron micrograph, B3:19 sedimentary wedges, B3:5, 10 sequential development, B3:30

laminae, photograph, A:59
laminations photograph, A:115, 225 See also cross laminations
Liesegang rings lithostratigraphic units, A:221 photograph, A:59, 115, 226 underthrust section, A:114-115
lightness lithostratigraphic units, A:93, 152, 247 sediments, A:86-87, 151, 182, 246-247 vs. depth, A:47, 97, 216
limestone lithostratigraphic units, A:195, 220 See also micrite
limestone, micritic, photograph, A:197
limestone, pelagic, Jurassic-Cretaceous, A:7
Limon, plate boundary, A:7
lithofacies, Pliocene-Pleistocene, B6:2
lithology gas hydrates, A:162 summary, A:159, 194, 220 vs. depth, A:47, 97, 154, 190, 216
lithostratigraphic units Site 1039, A:53-60 Site 1040, A:103-108 Site 1041, A:158-162 Site 1042, A:194-197 Site 1043, A:219-223 Unit 1, A:194-195 Unit 2, A:195, 197 Unit A1, A:158-159, 161-162 Unit P1, A:103-104 Unit T1, A:219-220 Unit U1, A:53, 104, 106, 220-221 Unit U2, A:53, 55-56, 106, 221 Unit U3, A:56-57, 106-108, 221, 223 Unit U4, A:58-60, 108
lithostratigraphy correlation with logging units, A:88-89 Site 1039, A:52-61 Site 1040, A:103-108 Site 1041, A:158-163 Site 1042, A:194-199 Site 1043, A:219-227
Logging Unit 1, lithostratigraphy, A:88
Logging Unit 2, lithostratigraphy, A:88
Logging Unit 3, lithostratigraphy, A:88-89
Logging Unit 4, lithostratigraphy, A:89
Logging Unit 5, lithostratigraphy, A:89
logging units, correlation with lithostratigraphy, A:88-89

magnesium pore water, A:74, 134, 175, 205, 236 vs. depth, A:80, 134, 178, 207, 238 magnesium/calcium ratio, vs. depth, A:80, 134, 178, 207, 238
magnesium oxide sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:140-141 vs. depth, A:140
magnetic declination, vs. depth, A:72, 126-127, 129, 171-172, 205, 234-235
magnetic inclination gabbro intrusions, A:70 vs. depth, A:67, 70, 72, 128-129, 171-173, 205, 234-235
magnetic intensity, vs. depth, A:71-72, 171-172, 205, 234-235
magnetic polarity gabbro intrusions, A:70 sediments, A:70, 167 vs. depth, A:128-129
magnetic susceptibility cores, A:213 lithology, A:207 sediments, A:83, 146-147, 181-182, 186, 245 unsplit cores, A:89, 147 vs. depth, A:47, 97, 154, 216
magnetite, sediments, A:167
magnetostratigraphic datums, depth, A:73, 130, 174, 236
magnetostratigraphy Neogene, B2:9 sediments, A:70, 126-127, 167
major elements gabbros, A:138 sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:76-79, 137-141 siliceous sediments, A:76 siliciclastics and igneous breccia clasts, A:209 siliciclastics and volcanic ash, A:180 X-ray fluorescence data, A:177-178
Malpelo Ridge, plate tectonics, B7:2-4
manganese oxide sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:77 vs. depth, A:81
maps, tectonics, A:8-9
methane hydrate gases, A:171-172 sediments, A:72, 129, 131, 171, 203, 234-235 vs. depth, A:130, 175, 229
methane/ethane ratio, vs. depth, A:175-176
micrite, lithostratigraphic units, A:56-57, 159, 161, 195
microfaults photograph, A:226 structural domains, A:162, 227 vs. depth, A:164
microfossils, electron micrograph, B3:25
microfossils, siliceous, lithostratigraphic units, A:106-108
mid-ocean-ridge basalts, Nicoya Peninsula, A:7
Middle America Trench bathymetry, A:16 calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B5:1-63 planktonic foraminifers, B1:1-58 subduction, A:7
minor elements gabbros, A:138 siliceous sediments and gabbros, A:76
Miocene biostratigraphy, A:61-70, 117-126, 163-167, 199-201, 227, 229-232; B1:1-58; B2:1-22; B5:1-63 heat flow anomalies, A:10-11 lithostratigraphic units, A:56-57, 106-108, 158-159, 161-162, 194-195, 197, 221, 223
mud diapirs, seismic reflection, A:10
mullions, deformation, A:60

SUBJECT INDEX A-M

SUBJECT INDEX
A-M