SUBJECT INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX
N-Z

nannofossil zones, vs. depth, A:63, 118, 165, 202, 232
nannofossils lithostratigraphic units, A:56-57, 106, 159, 161, 195, 220-221, 223 photograph, A:224 vs. depth, A:202
nannofossils, calcareous biostratigraphy, A:62-65, 117-121, 163-164, 199, 227, 229-230; B5:1-63 range distribution chart, A:64, 119-120, 166-167, 202, 230
Nazca Plate, plate boundary, A:7
Neogene magnetostratigraphy, B2:9 paleogeography, B7:3-5
neutron porosity logs, vs. depth, A:85, 143
Nicaragua, seismicity, A:7
nickel lithostratigraphic units, A:57 sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:77, 137-141 vs. depth, A:81-82
Nicoya Gulf, seismicity, A:7-9
Nicoya Peninsula calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B5:1-63 cross section, A:10 ophiolites, A:7 seismicity, A:7-9
niobium sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:77-78, 140-141 vs. depth, A:82 See also zirconium/niobium ratio
nitrogen, total sediments, A:135-136, 179-180, 209, 239 See also carbon, total organic/total nitrogen ratio
nodules. See concretions
nodules, phosphate, lithostratigraphic units, A:53
North Panama Deformed Belt plate boundary, A:7 seismicity, A:7-9

obsidian, lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 57
oceanic crust, mid-ocean-ridge basalts, A:7
Oligocene, plate tectonics, B7:2
ooze, calcareous lithostratigraphic units, A:56-57 photograph, A:59, 227
ooze, diatomaceous lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 220-221 photograph, A:55-56, 58-59
ooze, nannofossil, photograph, A:57-58
ooze, siliceous, photograph, A:227
ooze, siliceous nannofossil lithostratigraphic units, A:56-57, 221, 223 photograph, A:62
opal, photoelectric effect, A:88
ophiolites, Nicoya Peninsula, A:7
organic matter composition, A:137 Rock-Evcal data, A:138
overburden stress. See shear strength/effective overburden stress ratio
overconsolidation, claystone, B3:8-9

Pacific Ocean E, paleoceanography, B6:1-28
palagonitization, lithostratigraphic units, A:108
paleoceanography, Pliocene-Pleistocene, B6:1-28
paleogeography, plate tectonics, B7:3-5, 9
paleomagnetism Site 1039, A:70-71 Site 1040, A:126-127 Site 1041, A:167 Site 1042, A:201 Site 1043, A:232-233
Panama. See North Panama Deformed Belt
Panama Basin E, oceanic crust, B7:7
Panama Block plate boundary, A:7 seismicity, A:7-9
Panama fracture zone seismicity, A:7-9 subduction, A:7
pebbles, photograph, A:164, 223
permeability fluid flow, B3:3-4 structures, B4:4-5 vs. effective stress, B3:8-9, 26-27, 29 vs. porosity, B3:28
phosphate pore water, A:73, 134, 175, 235-236 vs. depth, A:79, 133, 178, 237
phosphorus oxide gabbros, A:78 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:77 vs. depth, A:81
photoelectric effect lithology, A:87-88 sediments, A:151
photoelectric effect logs, vs. depth, A:48, 86, 98, 143, 217, 241
phyllosilicates, electron micrograph, B3:20
physical properties Site 1039, A:79-89 Site 1040, A:141-151 Site 1041, A:178-183 Site 1042, A:206-208 Site 1043, A:238-247
pinch-and-swell structures, structural domains, A:225-226
plagioclase lithostratigraphic units, A:58-60, 103-104, 195 photograph, A:60, 108 See also anorthite; bytownite
planktonic foraminifer zones, vs. depth, A:63, 118, 165, 202, 232
plant debris, lithostratigraphic units, A:219-220
plate tectonics, spreading centers, B7:1-10
Pleistocene biostratigraphy, A:61-70, 117-126, 163-167, 199-201, 227, 229-232; B1:1-58; B2:1-22; B5:1-63 lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 55-56, 103-106, 158-159, 161-162, 194-195, 197, 219-221 paleoceanography, B6:1-28 sedimentation rates, A:12
Pliocene biostratigraphy, A:61-70, 117-126, 163-167, 199-201, 227, 229-232; B1:1-58; B2:1-22; B5:1-63 lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 55-57, 103-104, 106, 158-159, 161-162, 194-195, 197, 219-221 paleoceanography, B6:1-28
pods, ash, lithostratigraphic units, A:60-61
pore pressure, dewatering, B4:4-5
pore water composition, A:75, 132, 177, 207, 237 geochemistry, B4:5-6
porosity sediments, A:79-80, 141-142, 178, 180, 206-207, 238-240 vs. depth, A:48, 98, 217 vs. effective stress, B3:26 vs. permeability, B3:28
porosity logs vs. depth, A:241 See also neutron porosity logs
potassium pore water, A:73, 131, 133, 173, 203, 235 sediments, A:79 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:140-141 vs. depth, A:79, 133, 176, 207, 237
potassium logs, vs. depth, A:86, 143-144, 212, 241
potassium oxide gabbros, A:78 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:140-141 vs. depth, A:140
preservation, calcareous nannofossils, B5:6-9, 9-12
pressure solution, photograph, A:62
primary structures lithostratigraphic units, A:55-56 underthrust section, A:113-115; B3:7-8
propane hydrate gases, A:171-172 sediments, A:129, 131, 171, 203, 234-235 vs. depth, A:130, 175-176, 229
pumice, lithostratigraphic units, A:195, 219-220
pyrite lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 55-56, 106, 220-221 photograph, A:62
pyroxene lithostratigraphic units, A:58-60, 108, 195, 197 photograph, A:108 vs. depth, A:61 See also augite
pyrrhotite, sediments, A:167

quartz lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 103-104, 161, 195, 219-221 photoelectric effect, A:88
quartz needles, electron micrograph, B3:25
Quesada Sharp Contortion, seismicity, A:7-9

radiolarians, lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 103-104, 106, 195
radiolarians, recrystallized, electron micrograph, B3:25
recrystallization electron micrograph, B3:25 permeability, B3:25
redeposition, lithostratigraphic units, A:60-61
reflectance sediments, A:86-87, 151, 182, 246-247 vs. wavelength, A:93, 188, 247
remagnetization, vs. temperature, A:173
remanent magnetization, isothermal, sediments, A:167
remanent magnetization, natural, sediments, A:70
resistivity lithology, A:207-208 sediments, A:84-85, 90, 148-149, 245-246 vs. depth, A:48, 98, 217
resistivity logs, vs. depth, A:85, 143, 148, 212, 241-242
rheology, sedimentary wedges, A:113
rhodochrosite, sedimentary wedges, A:113
rock magnetism, sediments, A:167
rubidium sediments, A:79 sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:140-141 See also barium/rubidium ratio

salinity pore water, A:72-73, 131, 172-173, 203, 235 vs. depth, A:79, 131, 176, 207, 236
sand lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 103-104, 158-159, 161-162 photograph, A:55, 106, 223
sand, silty, lithostratigraphic units, A:104, 106
sand, terrigenous, photograph, A:197
sand, terrigenous ashy, photograph, A:55
sandstone Jurassic-Cretaceous, A:7 lithostratigraphic units, A:158-159, 161-162, 195 photograph, A:163, 199
sandstone, laminated, photograph, A:201
sandstone, silty, lithostratigraphic units, A:158-159, 161-162
scoria, lithostratigraphic units, A:55-56
sedimentary rocks, Jurassic-Cretaceous, A:7
sedimentary structures, lithostratigraphic units, A:55-56
sedimentary wedges Domain I, A:109-113 kinematic evolution, B3:10 structural domains, A:225-226 structural setting, B4:3 structures, B3:4-6, 12
sedimentation rates age-depth plots, A:71, 127, 167, 170, 233 calcareous nannofossils, B5:17-18 Pleistocene, A:12
sediments beryllium-10, A:13, 15 bulk composition, A:83 geochemistry, A:134, 137, 140-141 paleomagnetism, A:70 trace elements, A:78 X-ray fluorescence data, A:76-79
sediments, bulk, composition, A:141
sediments, siliciclastic minor elements, A:77, 138 trace elements, A:139 X-ray fluorescence data, A:137-141, 177-178, 206
seismic flexure, heat flow, B4:6
seismic profiles Costa Rica Margin, B4:11; B5:24-25 Middle America Trench, A:50, 89; B2:8 seismic surveys, A:12-14 Site 1040, A:100 Site 1041, A:155-156 Site 1042, A:191-192 Site 1043, A:245
seismic reflection, seismic surveys, A:9-10, 12-14
seismic refraction, seismic surveys, A:9-10
seismicity, subduction, A:7-9
seismograms, synthetic, sediments, A:81-83, 146, 243-245
shear bands, dewatering, B4:4-5
shear strength, vs. depth, A:243
shear strength, undrained, vs. depth, A:90, 148, 186
shear strength, vane, sediments, A:83-84, 89, 147-148, 182, 186, 245-246
shear strength/effective overburden stress ratio, vs. depth, A:90, 148, 186, 243
shear surfaces, electron micrograph, B3:24
shear zones Costa Rica, A:7 lithostratigraphic units, A:197-198 photograph, A:201 sedimentary wedges, A:112-113
siderite, lithostratigraphic units, A:104
silica pore water, A:74-75, 134, 175-176, 205, 237 sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash, A:177-178 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:140-141 vs. depth, A:80, 83, 134, 140, 178, 207, 210, 238
silica, dissolved, vs. depth, A:217
silica/aluminum oxide ratio vs. chromium/aluminum oxide ratio, A:182 vs. iron oxide/aluminum oxide ratio, A:182 vs. titanium oxide/aluminum oxide ratio, A:182
siliciclastics environment, A:104 major elements, A:180, 209 trace elements, A:181, 209
silicoflagellates, lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 106
sills, oceanic crust, A:7
silt lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 158-159, 161-162 photograph, A:55, 223
silt, clayey, lithostratigraphic units, A:158-159, 161-162
silt, sandy lithostratigraphic units, A:104 photograph, A:221
siltstone lithostratigraphic units, A:158-159, 161-162, 195 photograph, A:161, 163
siltstone, clayey, lithostratigraphic units, A:158-159, 161-162
siltstone, laminated, photograph, A:201
siltstone, sandy, lithostratigraphic units, A:158-159, 161-162
Site 495, subducted element fluxes
Site 565 stratigraphic section, A:11 tectonics, A:12
Site 1039, A:45-93 age-depth plots, A:71 background and objectives, A:49-50 biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy, A:61-71 calcareous nannofossils, B5:5-9 coring, A:51 coring section summary, A:52 diatoms, B2:3 geochemistry, A:71-79 lithofacies, B6:2 lithostratigraphy and structures, A:52-61 operations, A:50-52 paleomagnetism, A:70-71 physical properties, A:79-89 planktonic foraminifers, B1:2-3 principal results, A:46-48 site description, A:45-93
Site 1040, A:95-152 background and scientific objectives, A:99-100 biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy, A:116-127 calcareous nannofossils, B5:9-12 coring, A:101 coring section summary, A:102 diatoms, B2:3 geochemistry, A:127-141 lithostratigraphy and structures, A:103-116 operations, A:100-103 physical properties, A:141-151 planktonic foraminifers, B1:3 principal results, A:96, 98-99 site description, A:95-152 structures, B3:1-32
Site 1041, A:153-188 background and scientific objectives, A:155-157 biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy, A:163-170 calcareous nannofossils, B5:12-14 coring, A:157 coring section summary, A:157 diatoms, B2:3-4 geochemistry, A:170-178 lithostratigraphy and structures, A:158-163 operations, A:157-158 physical properties, A:178-183 planktonic foraminifers, B1:3-4 principal results, A:153-155 site description, A:153-188
Site 1042, A:189-213 background and scientific objectives, A:191-192 biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy, A:199-201 calcareous nannofossils, B5:14-15 coring, A:192 coring section summary, A:193 diatoms, B2:4 geochemistry, A:201-206 lithostratigraphy and structures, A:194-199 operations, A:192-194 physical properties, A:206-208 planktonic foraminifers, B1:4 principal results, A:189-191 site description, A:189-213
Site 1043, A:215-247 background and scientific objectives, A:217-218 biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy, A:227-233 calcareous nannofossils, B5:15-17 coring, A:218 coring section summary, A:218 diatoms, B2:4-5 geochemistry, A:233-238 lithofacies, B6:2 lithostratigraphy and structures, A:219-227 operations, A:218-219 physical properties, A:238-247 planktonic foraminifers, B1:4-5 principal results, A:215-217 site description, A:215-247 structures, B3:1-32
slump folds synsedimentary structures, A:197 underthrust section, A:114-115
smear slides Site 1039, A:54 Site 1040, A:105 Site 1041, A:160 Site 1042, A:196 Site 1043, A:222
sodium, pore water, A:73, 131, 133, 173, 203, 235
sodium/chloride ratio pore water, A:131, 133, 173, 203, 235 vs. depth, A:79, 133, 176, 207, 237
sodium oxide gabbros, A:78 vs. depth, A:140
South American Plate, plate boundary, A:7
sponge spicules, lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 103-104, 106, 195
spreading centers, plate tectonics, B7:1-10
stratal disruption, sedimentary wedges, A:109-113; B3:4-6
stress underthrust section, B3:7-8 See also shear strength/effective overburden stress ratio
stress, effective vs. permeability, B3:8-9, 26-27, 29 vs. porosity, B3:26
strontium sediments, A:79 sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:140-141
structural analysis, fluid flow, B3:3
structural domains bedding, A:162 lithology, A:115-116 sedimentary wedges and underthrust section, A:109-115
structural geology Site 1039, A:60-61 Site 1040, A:108-116 Site 1041, A:162 Site 1042, A:197, 199 Site 1043, A:223-227
structures décollement zone, A:229; B3:31 fluid flow, B3:1-32; B4:1-11 kinematic evolution, B3:10-12 summary, A:109-110, 164-165, 228
stylolites, underthrust section, A:114-115
stylolitization, deformation, A:60
subduction Cocos Plate, A:7 geochemistry, A:13-14
subduction zones, structural setting, B4:2-3
Subunit 1B, photograph, A:197
Subunit 2A, photograph, A:198, 200
Subunit 2B, photograph, A:201
Subunit A1A, photograph, A:163
Subunit A1B, photograph, A:163
Subunit P1A, photograph, A:104
Subunit U1A, photograph, A:106
Subunit U2B, photograph, A:226
Subunit U3A, photograph, A:227
Subunit U3B, photograph, A:57, 107
Subunit U3C, photograph, A:58-59, 62
sulfate pore water, A:73, 133, 173-175, 235-236 sediments, A:72 vs. depth, A:79, 133, 178, 237
sulfides, lithostratigraphic units, A:60
sulfur, sediments, A:75
sulfur, total sediments, A:76, 134-137, 176-177, 179-180, 206, 209, 238-239 vs. depth, A:81, 137, 180, 239

tectonics maps, A:8-9 Site 565, A:12
temperature vs. cumulative thermal resistance, A:93 vs. depth, A:93, 151, 188 vs. remagnetization, A:173 vs. time, A:92, 150, 188
temperature, in-situ, sediments, A:91, 149, 187
tephra lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 57, 60-61 photograph, A:59, 107
thermal conductivity heat flow, B4:5-6 sediments, A:85-86, 91, 149, 182, 186, 208, 246-247 vs. depth, A:91, 148, 187, 243
thermal resistance, cumulative, vs. temperature, A:93
thorium logs, vs. depth, A:86, 143-144, 212, 241
titanium oxide gabbros, A:78 ooze, A:78 sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash, A:177-178 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:140-141 vs. depth, A:83, 140, 181, 210
titanium oxide/aluminum oxide ratio, vs. silica/aluminum oxide ratio, A:182
titanomagnetite, photograph, A:60
trace elements gabbros, A:139 sediments, A:78 sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:76-79, 137-141 siliciclastics and carbonate-cemented sedimentary and igneous breccia clasts, A:209 siliciclastics and volcanic ash, A:181 X-ray fluorescence data, A:177-178
turbidites Jurassic-Cretaceous, A:7 lithostratigraphic units, A:60-61, 106 photograph, A:106

unconformities, Pleistocene, A:12
underthrust section compaction, A:137 kinematic evolution, B3:11-12 structural domains, A:113-115, 226-227 structural setting, B4:3 structures, B3:7-8, 12
Unit T1, photograph, A:221, 223-225
Unit U1, photograph, A:56-57
Unit U1B, photograph, A:225
Unit U2, photograph, A:56-57
Unit U4, photograph, A:60
uranium logs, vs. depth, A:86, 143-144, 212, 241

vanadium sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:77, 140-141 vs. depth, A:82
veinlets, lithostratigraphic units, A:104
veins lithostratigraphic units, A:108, 195, 197 underthrust section, A:113-115
veins, calcite, photograph, A:200
veins, fracture, photograph, A:62
veins, glass, lithostratigraphic units, A:60
velocity logs, vs. depth, A:144, 243
volcanic ash Jurassic-Cretaceous, A:7 layers, A:161 lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 55-56, 104, 106-108, 159, 220-221 major elements, A:180 minor elements, A:138 photograph, A:116 trace elements, A:139, 181 X-ray fluorescence data, A:76-79, 137-141, 177-178
volcanic ash, vitric, photograph, A:56-57, 225, 227
volcanic glass lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 55-60, 103-104, 161, 195, 219-221, 223 minor elements, A:77 photograph, A:56-57, 60 trace elements, A:78 vs. depth, A:61
volcaniclastics geochemistry, A:13-14 Jurassic-Cretaceous, A:7 lithostratigraphic units, A:60-61
volcanism, correlation, A:162

Wadati-Benioff Zone, tectonics, A:8-9
water content, sediments, A:84, 142, 183, 210, 240
well-logging composite logging-while-drilling data, A:87, 144, 242 composite wireline data, A:145 Site 1039, A:80-89 Site 1040, A:142-151 Site 1042, A:207-208 Site 1043, A:238-247

zeolites lithostratigraphic units, A:108 photograph, A:62
zinc sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:77, 140-141 vs. depth, A:82
zirconium sediments and igneous clasts, A:206 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:77-78, 140-141 vs. depth, A:82-83
zirconium/niobium ratio sediments and volcanic ash, A:177-178 sediments and volcanic ash and gabbros, A:77-78, 140-141 vs. depth, A:82, 140
zoning, correlation, A:63, 118, 202, 232; B5:27-29
Zoophycos lithostratigraphic units, A:53, 104, 106-108, 221 photograph, A:55, 226-227

SUBJECT INDEX N-Z

SUBJECT INDEX
N-Z