SUBJECT INDEX

A

advection

carbon dioxide, B3:3
ground water, A:288
sediment drifts, A:7-8

age

oxygen isotopes, B5:19
sediments, B5:19
vs. oxygen isotopes, B9:10

age vs. depth

sedimentation rates, A:54
Site 1056, A:114
Site 1057, A:118
Site 1058, A:121
Site 1059, A:125
Site 1060, A:203-204
Site 1061, A:206-207
Site 1062, A:210-211
Site 1063, A:277-278
Sites 1054-1055, A:53

albite, X-ray diffraction data, B5:21

algal mats

geochemistry, B Overview:4
sediments, B1:2

alkalinity

diagenesis, A:60-63, 123, 125, 218, 221, 223
pore water, A:314, 316
sediments, A:285-286
vs. depth, A:62, 136, 226, 285, 316

alkanes. See n-alkanes

alkenes

mass chromatograms, B1:4
sediments, B1:2

aluminosilicates

cyclic processes, B5:5-6
sediments, B5:4
stadials, B Overview:4
vs. age, B5:19
vs. depth, B5:13

aluminum oxide

sediments, B5:4-5, 22
vs. potassium oxide, B5:14
vs. titanium oxide, B5:14
See also potassium oxide/aluminum oxide ratio; silica/aluminum oxide ratio

aluminum oxide/titanium oxide ratio

sediments, B5:4-5
stadials/interstadials, B Overview:4
vs. depth, B5:13

ammonium

diagenesis, A:60, 123, 125
pore water, A:221, 311-313
sediments, A:285-286
vs. depth, A:62, 136, 226, 285

anisotropy, magnetic susceptibility, B Overview:4; B4:1-22

ankerite, authigenesis, A:226

anorthite, X-ray diffraction data, B5:21

Antarctic Bottom Water, ocean circulation, A:7, 288; B Overview:6

aragonite, lithologic units, A:84, 91, 172-174

Argentine Basin, mud waves, A:9

Atlantic Ocean N, ocean circulation, A:7

Atlantic Ocean NW, Pliocene-Holocene, B Overview:1-15

augite, lithologic units, A:88

authigenesis

diagenesis, A:125-126
oxidation, B2:4-6
pore water, A:63
precipitation, A:225-226, 228
sediments, A:286-288

B

bacteria

methane, A:55
sediments, A:210-211

Bacteriostrium hyalinum, scanning electron micrograph, B5:18

Bahama Outer Ridge

paleoceanography, B Overview:5-6
sedimentation, A:311

basal contact, photograph, A:166

bathymetric gradients, paleoceanography, B Overview:5-6

benzeneacetonitrile, mass chromatograms, B1:9

Bermuda Rise

composite depths, A:313
Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, B5:1-24
magnetic excursions, B10:1-18
organic geochemistry, B1:1-9
paleoceanography, A:9
sedimentation, A:311
site description, A:251-308

Bermuda Rise NE

carbon dioxide, B3:1-16
sediment drifts, A:7-8

biocenoses, diatoms, B8:4

biogenic component

lithologic units, A:84-92
photograph, A:84; B7:18

biosiliceous content, lithologic units, A:164-165, 168, 170-174

biostratigraphy

correlation, A:176, 178, 313
diatoms, B8:1-49
general section, B Overview:12
Neogene, A:319-321
Pleistocene, A:319-321
Sites 1054-1055, A:40-44
Sites 1056-1059, A:93-97
Sites 1060-1062, A:178-184
Sites 1063-1064, A:259-262

bioturbation

lithologic units, A:90-92, 164-165, 168, 170-174
photograph, A:166-167, 175
sedimentary structures, B7:4-12

Blake Event

magnetic excursions, A:266
magnetic inclination, A:46
magnetostratigraphy, A:188

Blake Outer Ridge

magnetic excursions, B10:1-18
magnetic susceptibility, B4:1-22
paleoceanography, B Overview:5-6

Blake Outer Ridge, intermediate depth, site description, A:77-156

Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge

carbon dioxide, B3:1-16
composite depths, A:313
gas hydrates, A:321
geology, A:7-11
magnetic susceptibility, B4:1-22
sedimentary structures, B7:1-37
sedimentation, A:311

Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge, deep, site description, A:157-250

Brunhes Chron

magnetic excursions, A:266, 319-320; B Overview:6; B10:1-18
magnetostratigraphy, A:46-47, 99-100, 186-188, 263, 316-317

Brunhes/Matuyama boundary

magnetic inclination, A:268
magnetic polarity transition, A:320
magnetostratigraphy, A:46-47, 99-100, 114-115, 186-188, 316-317
sedimentation, A:311

Brunhes/Matuyama polarity transition

comparison in Sites 1060 and 1063, A:319
magnetic polarity, A:318-319
magnetostratigraphy, A:263

bulk density logs, vs. depth, A:243, 300

burrows

lithologic units, A:38, 87
photograph, A:89,171

butane. See iso-butane

C

calcite

cyclic processes, B5:5-6
interstadials, B Overview:4
lithologic units, A:84-88, 164-165, 168, 170-174, 258-259
sediments, B5:4
vs. age, B5:19
vs. calcium oxide, B5:15
vs. depth, B5:13
X-ray diffraction data, B5:21

calcite, magnesian, lithologic units, A:257-258

calcite cement, lithologic units, A:38

calcium

authigenesis, A:63, 125-126, 225-226, 228
pore water, A:286-288, 311-313
vs. depth, A:62, 137, 227-228, 286-287

calcium carbonate

age and concentration and sedimentation rates, A:116-117, 119, 123-124, 206, 209, 214, 280
mass accumulation rates, A:48-49, 55
sedimentation rates, A:316
sediments, A:58-59, 130-131, 219-221, 282-283
vs. depth, A:132, 205, 208, 215, 284

calcium carbonate accumulation rates

vs. age, A:316
vs. depth, A:56

calcium oxide

sediments, B5:4-5, 22
vs. calcite, B5:15

caliper logs, vs. depth, A:243-244, 300-301

carbon

cycling, B3:2
organic matter, A:214, 216-217

carbon, inorganic, sediments, A:55, 57-59, 118, 121, 130-131, 211-212, 214, 219-221, 277-278, 282-283

carbon, organic

age and concentration and accumulation rates, A:116-117, 119, 123, 126, 206, 210, 216, 281
mass accumulation rates, A:49, 55
photograph, A:256
vs. depth, A:132, 205, 208, 215
See also organic carbon accumulation rates

carbon, total, sediments, A:58-59, 130-131, 211-212, 214, 219-221, 282-283

carbon, total organic

sediments, A:55-59, 118-119, 121, 130-131, 133, 219-221, 223, 277-278, 282-284
vs. depth, A:133-134, 222, 284

carbon/nitrogen ratio

carbonate content, A:278
organic matter, A:121-122, 214, 216-217, 278, 281
sediments, A:55, 57-59, 282-283
vs. depth, A:222, 284

carbon dioxide

advection, B3:3
carbon isotopes, B3:1-16
gas hydrates, A:9-11
reduction, B Overview:2-5

carbon dioxide, dissolved, carbon isotopes, B3:5

carbon isotopes

carbonate stratigraphy, B Overview:6
methane, B3:1-16
paleoceanography, B Overview:5
upper Pleistocene, B9:1-14
vs. depth, B3:11-16

carbonate content

cyclic processes, B5:5-6
diffuse spectral reflectance, B6:1-12
lithologic units, A:37-40, 84-92, 118-119, 121, 164-165, 168, 170-174
measured vs. predicted data, B6:8-12
sediments, A:211-212, 214, 217, 219-221, 278; B4:9-13
vs. depth, A:83, 87, 90, 92, 165, 170, 172, 222, 255, 258; B4:7, 8

carbonates

authigenesis, A:63
diagenesis, A:286-288
photograph, A:167, 175
sedimentation, A:174, 176-178, 201-207
sedimentation rates, A:311-313

Carolina Slope

geology, A:7-11
sedimentation, A:311
site description, A:33-76

Caspian Sea, triterpanes, B1:5

chloride

gas hydrates, A:126, 128-129
pore water, A:228-229
vs. depth, A:63, 138, 228, 287, 321

chlorite

sediments, B5:4
X-ray diffraction data, B5:21

Chondrites

lithologic units, A:84, 90-91, 164-165, 168, 170-174, 257-258
photograph, A:168

chromaticity

correlation, A:47-48, 102-104
vs. depth, A:50-51, 52, 108, 109, 110-113, 193-194, 196, 197-201, 256, 272-276
vs. oxygen isotopes, B9:7-8, 9
See also color

chronostratigraphy, vs. reflectors, A:317

clasts, mud, lithologic units, A:39-40, 84

clay

lithologic units, A:38, 83-93, 164-165, 168, 170-174, 255-259
photograph, A:84-85, 89, 92, 166, 175, 259; B7:18
sediment drifts, A:7-8
sedimentary structures, B7:4-12

clay, nannofossil

lithologic units, A:38, 84-88, 164-165, 168, 170-174
photograph, A:90

clay, silty, lithologic units, A:38, 83-92, 258-259

clay lithology, well logging, A:242

clay minerals

chemical and nuclear parameters, A:245
lithologic units, A:84-88

clays

lithology, A:302
scanning electron micrograph, B5:18
sediments, B5:4

Cobb Mountain Subchron

magnetic excursions, A:266
magnetic reversals, B Overview:7
magnetostratigraphy, A:46, 316-317

color

correlation, A:188-189, 194-201, 266-268
lithologic units, A:37-40, 84-92, 164-165, 168, 170-174, 255-258
See also chromaticity

color bands, lithologic units, A:87

color change, photograph, A:259

composite depths

correlation, A:47, 101-104, 188-189, 194-201, 266-268
depth offsets, A:48, 105, 190, 269
Sites 1054-1055, A:47-48
Sites 1054-1064, A:313
Sites 1060-1062, A:188-201
Sites 1063-1064, A:266-268
vs. core-top depth, A:113-114, 202-203, 277

compressional wave velocity

cyclic processes, B5:6-7
Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, B Overview:4
discrete measurements, A:133-134
millenial-scale variability, A:134
sediments, A:63-68, 143-145, 236, 295-296
vs. age, B5:19
vs. depth, A:64-65, 138-140, 153, 229-231, 237, 289, 291; B5:10, 16

compressional wave velocity, longitudinal, vs. depth, A:237

compressional wave velocity, transverse, vs. depth, A:145, 295

concretions, clay, lithologic units, A:38-40

concretions, dolomitized clay, photograph, A:39

contour currents, photograph, A:92

contourites

lithologic units, A:93
sedimentary structures, B7:1-37

convoluted beds

lithologic units, A:88
photograph, A:89

cores, redox, B2:1-11

correlation

biostratigraphy, A:176
composite depths, A:47, 101-104, 188-189, 194-201, 266-268
depth dependence, A:311-314
depth-to-depth
Sites 1055-1056, A:54
Sites 1056-1057, A:120
Sites 1058 and 1061, A:118
Sites 1059 and 1061, A:125
Sites 1060-1061, A:204
Sites 1061-1062, A:212
magnetostratigraphy, A:313
reflectance, A:47
seismic reflection, A:72
stratigraphy, A:47-48, 188-201, 266-268
uranium logs, A:240

correlation coefficient, carbonate content measured vs. predicted data, B6:8-12

coulometry, sediments, A:58-59, 130-131, 219-221, 282-283

cross laminations. See ripple cross laminations

cyclic processes, sedimentation, A:118-125

D

Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles

compressional wave velocity, B Overview:4
sediments, B5:1-24

datums levels, calcareous nannofossils, A:41-42, 94-96, 179-183, 260-261

deep water, ocean circulation, A:7

Deep Western Boundary Current, glaciation, B Overview:3

deformation

functions, A:103
lithologic units, A:88

deformation, coring-induced, directional variation, A:100-101

degassing, lithologic units, A:84-92

demagnetization

magnetic excursions, B11:2-6
natural remanent magnetization, A:46-47

demagnetization, alternating-field, sediments, A:44-47, 102, 186, 266

density

cyclic processes, B5:5-6
porosity logs, A:299, 302
vs. depth, A:153
vs. diatom abundance, B Overview:4

density, bulk

cyclic processes, B5:6-7
Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, B Overview:4
gamma rays, B8:3
millenial-scale variability, A:134
sediments, A:65-67, 129, 132, 231-232, 290-291
vs. age, B5:19
vs. depth, A: 66-67, 229-231, 289-291; B5:10, 16; B8:18, 20
See also bulk density logs

density, grain

sediments, A:65-67, 231-232, 290-291
vs. depth, A:66-67, 141-143, 233-235, 293-294

density, GRAPE

correlation, A:47-48, 102-104, 188-189, 194-201, 266-268
sediments, A:63-65
vs. depth, A:50-51, 64-65, 107, 109-111, 138-140, 193, 195, 197-199,
271, 274-275
density, wet bulk, vs. depth, A:141-143, 233-234, 293-294

density logs. See bulk density logs

deposition, glaciation, A:8

depth offsets

composite depths, A:48, 105, 190, 269
vs. core-top depth, A:53

depth transects, paleoceanography, A:8-9

diagenesis

lithologic units, A:87, 172, 255-258, 259
oxidation, B2:4-6
photograph, A:39, 89, 167, 171, 175
pore water, A:286-288
See also authigenesis; recrystallization

diagenesis, early

organic matter, A:60-63, 123, 125, 218, 221-225, 281, 285-286
sediments, A:118

diatoms

biostratigraphy, A:43-44, 97, 183-184, 262; B8:1-49
distribution, A:43, 97, 184, 262
habitat, B8:35
lithologic units, A:38, 91, 164-165, 168, 170-174, 255-258
paleoecology, B8:3-6, 7-15, 19
phosphate, B8:4
taxonomy and ecological preferences, B8:7-15
vs. density, B Overview:4
vs. depth, B8:18, 20-24

diffuse spectral reflectance, high-resolution methods, B6:1-12

dissolution

carbonate content, A:278
carbonates, A:214
diatoms, B8:5
minerals, A:225-226, 228, 286-288
sediments, A:121, 288

dolomite

lithologic units, A:38-40, 84, 91, 258-259
sediments, B5:4
X-ray diffraction data, B5:21

downhole measurements

Sites 1060-1062, A:235-245
Sites 1063-1064, A:294-304
See also well-logging

E

eccentricity, sediments, A:121

erosion contact, photograph, A:88

erosional surfaces

sedimentary structures, B7:4-12, 20
X-ray radiography, B7:17, 20, 29

ethane, sediments, A:53-55, 59, 116, 118, 209, 272-277

ethane, vacutainer, vs. depth, A:218

F

fatty acids, geochemistry, B1:1-9

feldspars

sediments, B5:4
See also albite; anorthite; orthoclase; plagioclase

ferric/ferrous iron ratio, sediments, B Overview:3

foliation. See magnetic foliation

foraminifers

biostratigraphy, A:319-321
lithologic units, A:38, 85, 90-91, 164-165, 168, 170-174
oxygen isotopes, B Overview:5
photograph, A:85, 87, 175
stable isotopes, B9:1-14

foraminifers, benthic, biostratigraphy, A:43, 96-97, 181, 183, 261-262

foraminifers, planktonic, biostratigraphy, A:42-43, 95-96, 180-181, 261

Formation Microscanner logs

lithology, A:242, 245, 302-304
microresistivity, A:302
vs. depth, A:246

G

gamma rays

bulk density, B8:3
sediments, A:129, 132
vs. depth, A: 64-65, 138, 139, 140, 229-231, 289

gamma-ray logs

correlation, A:303-304
vs. depth, A:244, 301, 303

gas expansion, remanent magnetization, A:263

gas hydrates

carbon dioxide, B3:3
dissociation, A:126, 128-129, 228-229
geographic extent, A:320-321
maps, A:11
pore water, A:9-11
sediments, A:63, 288

gas voids, sediments, A:116, 118, 209-221

gases, carbon isotopes, B3:1-16

gases, headspace, sediments, A:57, 128, 217, 281

gases, vacutainer, sediments, A:57, 129, 218, 282

Gauss Chron, magnetostratigraphy, A:263, 316-317

geochemistry, inorganic

Sites 1054-1055, A:59-63
Sites 1056-1059, A:122-129
Sites 1060-1062, A:217-229
Sites 1063-1064, A:281-288

geochemistry, organic

Site 1063, B1:1-9
Sites 1054-1055, A:49, 51-59
Sites 1056-1059, A:116-122
Sites 1060-1062, A:207-217
Sites 1063-1064, A:271-281

geomagnetic poles, virtual

Brunhes Chron, B10:4-5; B Overview:6
magnetic excursions, B11:3

geothermal gradient, sediments, A:288

Gilsa Excursion, magnetic excursions, A:266

glaciation

cyclic processes, B5:6
Deep Western Boundary Current, B Overview:3
deposition, A:8
lithologic units, A:39-40
magnetic excursions, B11:4
paleoclimatology, A:314, 317-318
sediments, A:121, 288
See also interstadials; last glacial maximum; stadials

glauconite, lithologic units, A:91

goethite, sediments, B2:4-6

grain size

lithologic units, A:84
paleoceanography, A:8-9
reproducibility, B5:12
sediments, B5:5, 16
volume vs. diameter, B5:11

Greenland Ice Core Project, oxygen isotopes, B5:19

ground water, advection, A:288

Gulf Stream, ocean circulation, A:7

H

habitat, diatoms, B8:35

halite

sediments, B5:4
X-ray diffraction data, B5:21

heat flow

sediments, A:235, 293

hematite, sediments, B2:4-6

high-resolution methods, diffuse spectral reflectance, B6:1-12

Holocene

biostratigraphy, A:40-44, 93-97, 178-184, 260-262, 319-321
lithologic units, A:37-38, 83-92, 164-165, 168, 170-174, 255, 258-259
See also Pliocene-Holocene sequence

hornblende, X-ray diffraction data, B5:21

hydrocarbons

carbon isotopes, B3:1-16
mass chromatograms, B1:7-8
See also alkenes; benzeneacetonitrile; ethane; fatty acids; gases; indene; indole; iso-butane; iso-pentane; lipids; methane; methane/ethane ratio; n-alkanes; propane; steranes; sulfate/methane boundary; triterpanes

hydrocarbons, volatile, sediments, A:53-55, 116, 118, 207, 209-211, 272-277

hydrogen index

organic matter, A:216, 278, 281, 284
sediments, A:55, 60, 133, 223
vs. oxygen index, A:60, 133-134, 223, 284, 317

hydrography, paleoceanography, A:9

I

illite

cyclic processes, B5:6
sediments, B5:4
X-ray diffraction data, B5:21

illite-smectite mixture, X-ray diffraction data, B5:21

impedance, acoustic

profiles, A:72-73
vs. depth, A:75, 152-153

indene, mass chromatograms, B1:9

index properties

average values and standard deviation, A:143, 232, 293
sediments, A:65-67, 132-133, 140-141, 231-232, 290-291, 293-294

indole, mass chromatograms, B1:9

intermediate water, ocean circulation, A:7

interstadials

calcite, B Overview:4
marine isotope Stage 3, B Overview:5
See also stadials/interstadials

iron

authigenesis, A:225-226, 228
oxidation, B2:1-11
pore water, A:286-288, 311-313
valence, B2:9
vs. depth, A:227-228, 286-287
See also ferric/ferrous iron ratio

iron oxidation, sediments, B Overview:3

iron oxides

lithologic units, A:91
sediments, B5:22

iron sulfides

authigenesis, A:286-288
lithologic units, A:38-40
photograph, A:89

iron, total, distribution, B2:11

iso-butane, sediments, A:116, 118, 209, 272-277

iso-butane, vacutainer, vs. depth, A:218

iso-pentane, sediments, A:272-277

J

Jaramillo Subchron

magnetic excursions, A:266
magnetostratigraphy, A:46-47, 99-100, 115, 186-188, 316-317

JV Armaan Well, triterpanes, B1:5-6

K

kaolinite

sediments, B5:4
X-ray diffraction data, B5:21

Kazakhstan

hydrocarbons, B1:7-8
triterpanes, B1:5-6

kerogen, lithologic units, A:256-258

L

laminations

lithologic units, A:258-259
mid-Pleistocene transition, A:314, 317-318
photograph, A:166, 256; B7:26
silt, A:174, 176-178
See also cross laminations

Laschamp Excursion

magnetic excursions, A:266; B11:4, 19
magnetostratigraphy, A:188
split-core data, B Overview:7

last glacial maximum, oxygen isotopes, B Overview:6

lightness

correlation, A:47-48, 102-104, 188-189, 194-201, 266-268
lithologic units, A:164-165, 168, 170-174
sediments, A:63-65
spectral analysis, A:177
vs. depth, A:50-51, 108-111, 165, 170, 172, 193, 195, 197-199, 202, 272, 274-275, 291

lipids, geochemistry, B1:1-9

lithologic units

Unit, A:37-38, 83-92, 164-165, 168, 170-172, 254-259
Unit II, A:38, 85, 88, 91, 170-173
Unit III, A:38, 171, 173-174
uranium logs, A:240

lithology

clays, A:302
vs. depth, A:83, 87, 90, 92, 165, 170, 172, 255, 258, 317

lithostratigraphy

correlation, A:313
general section, B Overview:12
mud waves, B Overview:4-5
reflectance, A:38
Sites 1054-1055, A:37-40
Sites 1056-1059, A:83-93
Sites 1060-1062, A:164-178
Sites 1063-1064, A:254-259

loss on ignition, sediments, B5:22

lutite, red

chromaticity, A:256
distribution, A:315
lithologic units, A:84-93, 258
oxygen isotopes, B Overview:5-6
sedimentation, A:311
vs. age, A:315
vs. depth, A:165, 170, 172
See also red beds

M

maghemite, oxidation, B2:5

magnesium

authigenesis, A:63, 125-126, 225-226, 228
pore water, A:286-288, 311-313
vs. depth, A:62, 137, 227-228, 286-287

magnesium oxide, sediments, B5:22

magnetic declination

corrected vs. uncorrected, A:102
magnetic excursions 13 and 14, B10:15
magnetic excursions 15 and 15, B10:16
magnetic excursions 17, B10:17
magnetic excursions, B11:2-6
vs. depth, A:44-45, 98-101, 185-186; B10: 10, 12, 14-16, 18; B11:12, 14, 17

magnetic declination, bidirectional, vs. depth, B4:7-8

magnetic excursion 3, Stage 3, B11:2-6

magnetic excursion 3

split-core data, B Overview:7

Stage 3, B11:2-6

magnetic excursion 7, split-core data, B Overview:7

magnetic excursion 13, Brunhes Chron, B10:4-5

magnetic excursion 14, Brunhes Chron, B10:4-5

magnetic excursion 15, Brunhes Chron, B10:4-5

magnetic excursion 15, Brunhes Chron, B10:4-5

magnetic excursion 17, Brunhes Chron, B10:4-5

magnetic excursions

Brunhes Chron, B10:1-18
magnetostratigraphy, A:46, 187-188, 263, 266, 316-317
paleointensity, A:188
Stage 3, B11:1-20

magnetic foliation, vs. depth, B4:7-8

magnetic inclination

Blake Event, A:46
Brunhes/Matuyama boundary, A:268
long-core measurements, vs. calculated deflected, A:104
magnetic excursions 13 and 14, B10:15
magnetic excursions 15 and 15, B10:16
magnetic excursions 17, B10:17
magnetic excursions, B11:2-6
magnetostratigraphy, A:99-100, 187-188
sediments, A:44-47
vs. depth, A:44-46, 98-101, 185-186, 264-265, 267, 320; B10:9, 11, 13; B11:9, 11, 13, 15-18

magnetic intensity

vs. depth, A:44-45, 98-101, 185, 264-265, 267; B11:15-18
See also paleointensity

magnetic lineation, vs. depth, B4:7-8

magnetic overprinting, sediments, B2:6

magnetic polarity

Brunhes/Matuyama polarity transition, A:318-319
magnetostratigraphy, A:46, 99-100, 186-187, 263
reversal boundaries, A:187

magnetic reversals, magnetostratigraphy, A:46, 100, 187-188, 263, 266

magnetic susceptibility

anisotropy, B Overview:4; B4:1-22
correlation, A:47-48, 102-104, 188-189, 194-201, 266-268
sedimentation, A:311
sediments, A:63-65, 129, 132
vs. age, A:115, 119, 122, 126, 204, 207, 212-213, 277, 314
vs. depth, A:44-45, 50-51, 64-65, 83, 87, 90, 92, 107-108, 110-113, 138-140, 165, 170, 172, 193-194, 197-202, 204, 207, 212-213, 229-231, 255, 258, 264-265, 267, 271, 273, 275-276, 289-290, 320; B4:7-8; B7:15, 19, 21, 27, 31, 34; B8:20
vs. sedimentation rates, A:54

magnetostratigraphy

correlation, A:313
general section, B Overview:12
magnetic excursions, A:263, 266, 316-317
magnetic polarity, A:99-100, 263
magnetic reversals, A:100, 102

major elements, sediments, B5:4-5

manganese

authigenesis, A:225-226, 228
pore water, A:311-313
vs. depth, A:227-228, 286-287

manganese oxide, sediments, B5:22

marine isotope Stage 2, oxygen isotopes, B Overview:5

marine isotope Stage 3

diatoms, B8:18
magnetic excursions, B Overview:6
oxygen isotopes, B Overview:5
paleomagnetism, B11:1-20

marine isotope Stage 3, magnetic excursions, B Overview:7

marine isotope Stage 4, diatoms, B8:6, 18

marine isotope Stage 5

diatoms, B8:18
magnetic excursions, B Overview:6

marine isotope Stage 5e, paleoceanography, B Overview:5

marine isotope Stage 7, magnetic excursions, B Overview:7

marine isotope Stage 8, magnetic excursions, A:188

marine isotope Stage 11, magnetic excursions, A:188

marine isotope Stage 17, magnetic excursions, B Overview:6

marine isotope Stages 1-4, bulk mass accumulation rates, B11:20

marine isotope Stages 5e-5d, paleoceanography, B Overview:5

marine isotope Stages 8-10

color reflectance, B7:16, 22, 32, 35
magnetic susceptibility, B7:15, 21, 31, 34

marine isotope Stages 9-12, paleohydrography, B Overview:6

marine isotope Stages 10-12, red lutite, B Overview:6

mass accumulation rates

calcium carbonate, A:49, 55
organic carbon, A:49, 55, 116-117, 119, 123, 126, 205, 208, 213, 279
Sites 1054-1055, A:48-49
Sites 1056-1059, A:104-107, 113-116
Sites 1060-1062, A:201-207
Sites 1063-1064, A:268-271
vs. depth, A:117, 120, 124, 127, 205, 208, 215, 279
See also organic carbon accumulation rates; sedimentation rates

mass accumulation rates, bulk, marine isotope Stages 1-4, B11:20

mass flow deposits

lithologic units, A:39-40, 93
location, A:40
photograph, A:40

Matuyama Chron

magnetic excursions, A:266
magnetostratigraphy, A:46, 99-100, 186-188, 263, 316-317
See also Brunhes/Matuyama boundary

methane

carbon isotopes, B3:1-16
oxidation, B Overview:2-5; B3:2
pore water, A:311-313
sediments, A:53-55, 59, 116, 118, 207, 209-211, 272-277
vs. depth, A:128, 216, 284, 317; B3:11
vs. sulfate, A:222-223, 225
See also sulfate/methane boundary

methane, headspace, vs. depth, A:57-58

methane/ethane ratio

sediments, A:53-55, 59, 116, 118, 209-211, 272-277, 314
vs. depth, A:57-58, 219, 284, 317

methanogenesis

diagenesis, A:60, 118, 209-211, 223, 225, 228
sediments, A:286-288
sulfate, B3:2-3
See also sulfate reduction

mica, lithologic units, A:84-92, 164-165, 168, 170-174

microresistivity, Formation Microscanner logs, A:302

mid-Pleistocene transition, paleoclimatology, A:314, 317-318

minerals

chemical composition, B5:23
dissolution, A:225-226, 228

Moessbauer spectra, sediments, B2:8

Mono Lake Excursion

Brunhes Chron, B10:4-5
magnetic excursions, A:266

mottling, lithologic units, A:87, 164-165, 168, 170-174, 255-258

mud waves

dynamics, A:9
lithostratigraphy, B Overview:4-5
sedimentation, A:177-178
sedimentation rates, A:206-207
seismic reflection, A:245-247

mudstone, organic matter, A:275

muscovite

sediments, B5:4
vs. depth, B5:13
X-ray diffraction data, B5:21

N

n-alkanes

mass chromatograms, B1:4, 7-8
sediments, B1:2

nannofossils

lithologic units, A:84-93, 164-165, 168, 170-174, 255-259
photograph, A:84, 175
sedimentary structures, B7:4-12

nannofossils, calcareous

biostratigraphy, A:41-42, 93-95, 178-180, 260-261, 319-321
datums levels, A:41-42, 94-96, 179, 180-183, 260-261

Neogene

biostratigraphy, A:319-321
paleoceanography, A:9

neritic environment, diatoms, B8:5-6

nitrogen

organic matter, A:214, 216-217
See also carbon/nitrogen ratio

nitrogen compounds, mass chromatograms, B1:9

nitrogen, total, sediments, A:58-59, 130-131, 219-221, 282-283

nodules

lithologic units, A:88
photograph, A:89

North Atlantic Deep Water

ocean circulation, A:7, 93, 288
paleoceanography, B Overview:5
temperature, B Overview:11

nutrient proxies, paleoceanography, A:8-9

nutrients, diatoms, B8:4

O

obliquity, sediments, A:121

ocean basins, sediment drifts, A:7-8

ocean circulation

Atlantic Ocean N, A:7
mud waves, B Overview:4-5

Olduvai Subchron

magnetic excursions, A:266
magnetostratigraphy, A:187

ooze, clayey nannofossil

lithologic units, A:84-92, 164-165, 168, 170-174
photograph, A:256

ooze, nannofossil

lithologic units, A:164-165, 168, 170-174
photograph, A:90

opal, lithologic units, A:258

opal-A, sediments, A:288

organic carbon accumulation rates, vs. depth, A:56

organic matter

carbon/nitrogen ratio, A:121-122
decomposition, A:218, 221-225, 281, 285-286
diagenesis, A:60-63, 123, 125
geochemistry, B1:1-9
sources, A:214, 216-217, 278, 281

orthoclase, X-ray diffraction data, B5:21

oxidation

iron, B2:1-11
organic matter, A:278, 281
sediments, A:121
See also redox

oxidation, anaerobic, methane, B3:6

oxides, comparison of X-ray diffraction data with X-ray fluorescence data, B5:23

oxygen index

organic matter, A:216, 278, 281
sediments, A:55, 60, 133, 223, 284
vs. hydrogen index, A:60, 133-134, 223, 284, 317

oxygen isotope Stage 3. See marine isotope Stage 3

oxygen isotope stratigraphy

correlation, A:318; B9:5-6
vs. depth, A:303

oxygen isotopes

foraminifers, B Overview:5
Greenland Ice Core Project, B5:19
red lutite, B Overview:5-6
upper Pleistocene, B9:1-14
vs. age, B9:10
vs. chromaticity, B9:7-8, 9
vs. reflectance, B9:7-8

P

paleoceanography

bathymetric gradients, B Overview:5-6
biostratigraphy, A:319-321
millenial-scale variability, A:134
physical properties, B Overview:3-4
Pliocene-Pleistocene interval, A:7-11

paleoclimatology

middle Pleistocene, A:314-315, 317-318
middle Pliocene-Pleistocene interval, A:7-11
millenial-scale variability, A:134

paleoecology, diatoms, B Overview; B8:3-15, 19, 35

paleohydrography

carbonate stratigraphy, B Overview:6
marine isotope Stages 9-12, B Overview:6

paleointensity, magnetic excursions, A:188

paleomagnetic secular variation, magnetostratigraphy, A:187

paleomagnetic secular variation, directional, Brunhes Chron, B10:2-3

paleomagnetism

sediments, A:318-319; B Overview:6-7
Sites 1054-1055, A:44-47
Sites 1056-1059, A:97-104
Sites 1060-1062, A:184-188
Sites 1063-1064, A:262-266
Stage 3, B11:1-20

pebbles, lithologic units, A:88

pentane. See iso-pentane

petroleum potential, sediments, A:60, 133, 223, 284

phosphate

diagenesis, A:123, 125, 221-223
diatoms, B8:4
sediments, A:285-286
vs. depth, A:62, 136, 226, 285

phosphorus oxide, sediments, B5:22

photoelectric factor

clay lithology, A:242
vs. potassium, A:245, 302

photoelectric factor logs, vs. depth, A:300

physical properties

paleoceanography, B Overview:3-4
Sites 1054-1055, A:63-68
Sites 1056-1059, A:129, 132-134
Sites 1060-1062, A:229-235
Sites 1063-1064, A:288-294

plagioclase

lithologic units, A:88
See also albite; anorthite

Planolites, lithologic units, A:90-91, 172, 257-258

Pleistocene

biostratigraphy, A:40-44, 93-97, 178-184, 260-262, 319-321
lithologic units, A:37-38, 83-92, 164-165, 168, 170-174, 255-258
sedimentation rates, A:311-313
See also Pliocene-Pleistocene sequence

Pleistocene, middle

paleoclimatology, A:314-315, 317-318
See also mid-Pleistocene transition

Pleistocene, upper, stable isotopes, B9:1-14

Pliocene

biostratigraphy, A:260-262, 319-321
lithologic units, A:255-258

Pliocene-Holocene sequence, sedimentation, B Overview:1-15

Pliocene-Pleistocene sequence, paleoceanography, A:7-11

pore water

carbon isotopes, B3:11-15
gas hydrates, A:9-11
geochemistry, A:59-63, 135,135, 217-218, 221-229, 286-288, 292, 311-313
methane, B3:6-7

porosity, vs. depth, A:66-67, 141-143, 233-234, 293-294

porosity logs

density, A:240, 299, 302
vs. depth, A:243, 300

potassium

authigenesis, A:63, 125-126, 225-226, 228
pore water, A:286-288, 314, 316
vs. depth, A:62, 137, 227-228, 286-287, 316
vs. photoelectric factor, A:245, 302

potassium logs

clay lithology, A:242
vs. depth, A:244, 301, 303
See also thorium/potassium ratio logs

potassium oxide

sediments, B5:4-5, 22
vs. aluminum oxide, B5:14

potassium oxide/aluminum oxide ratio

sediments, B5:4-5
stadials/interstadials, B Overview:4
vs. depth, B5:13

precipitation, authigenesis, A:225-226, 228

preservation, carbonates, A:214

production index, sediments, A:60, 133, 223, 284

productivity

carbonates, A:214
diatoms, B8:4

propane, sediments, A:116, 118, 209, 272-277

propane, vacutainer, vs. depth, A:218

proteins

mass chromatograms, B1:9
sediments, B1:2

pteropods, lithologic units, A:84

pyrite

lithologic units, A:84
sediments, B2:4-6

pyroxenes. See augite

Q

quartz

lithologic units, A:84, 88, 164-165, 168, 170-174, 258-259
mixture with biogenic silica, B5:20
sediments, B5:4
X-ray diffraction data, B5:21

Quaternary

magnetic susceptibility, B4:1-22
See also Holocene; mid-Pleistocene transition; Pleistocene

R

radiolarians, lithologic units, A:38, 91, 255-258

recrystallization, sediments, A:288

red beds

lithologic units, A:39-40, 84-92
See also lutite, red

redox

lithologic units, A:164-165, 168, 170-174
sediments, B2:1-11
See also oxidation

reduction

carbon dioxide, B Overview:2-5
sediments, B2:4-6
See also sulfate reduction

reflectance

correlation, A:47, 188-189, 194-201
lithologic units, A:83-92, 164-165, 168, 170-174, 255-258
lithostratigraphy, A:38
sediments, A:63-65, 232
vs. depth, A:83, 87, 90, 92, 165, 170, 172, 235; B7:16, 22, 28, 32, 35
vs. oxygen isotopes, B9:7-9
vs. sediment chemistry, B Overview:3

reflectors, vs. chronostratigraphy, A:317

remanent magnetization, anhysteretic, magnetic excursions, B11:3-4

remanent magnetization, characteristic, discrete samples, A:186, 263

remanent magnetization, natural

deformation, A:100-101
discrete samples, A:45-46, 99-100
gas expansion, A:263
magnetic excursions, B11:5
magnetostratigraphy, A:316-317
sediments, A:44-47, 98-99, 185-188

resistivity

sediments, A:68, 71-72, 134, 151, 235, 241-242, 294, 298-299
vs. depth, A:72, 152, 241, 299
See also microresistivity

resistivity logs

correlation, A:303-304
vs. depth, A:243, 300

Reunion Event, magnetostratigraphy, A:316-317

ripple cross laminations, sedimentary structures, B7:4-12

S

salinity

sediments, A:288
vs. potential temperature, A:9
vs. temperature, B Overview:11

sand, photograph, B7:18

sand, foraminifer, lithologic units, A:39-40

sand, silty foraminifer, lithologic units, A:38

scoured contact

photograph, A:40, 84-85, 87, 256
sedimentary structures, B7:4-12
X-ray radiography, B7:29

secular variations. See paleomagnetic secular variation

sediment drifts, paleoceanography, A:7-8

sediment volume, vs. depth, B5:17

sedimentary structures

contourites and turbidites, B7:1-37
photograph, B7:14, 18, 24, 26
X-ray radiography, B Overview:3

sedimentation

cyclic processes, A:118-125
lithologic units, A:174, 176-178
uniformity, A:311

sedimentation, pelagic, lithologic units, A:39-40

sedimentation rates

age vs. depth, A:54
calcium carbonate, A:116-117, 119, 123, 126, 205, 208, 215, 279, 316
comparison, A:213
lithologic units, A:93
magnetic excursions, B11:4
Pleistocene, A:311-313
Pliocene-Holocene, B Overview:1-15
Sites 1054-1055, A:48-49
Sites 1056-1059, A:104-107, 113-116
Sites 1060-1062, A:201-207
Sites 1063-1064, A:268-271
vs. age, A:115, 119, 122, 126, 204, 207, 212-213, 277, 315
vs. depth, A:117, 120, 124, 127, 205, 208, 215, 279
vs. magnetic susceptibility, A:54
See also mass accumulation rates

sedimentology, Pliocene-Holocene, B Overview:2-5

sediments

age, B5:19
chemical composition, B5:22
coulometry, A:58-59, 130-131, 219-221, 282-283
Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, B5:1-24
elements, A:58-59, 130-131, 219-221, 282-283
ferric/ferrous iron ratio, B Overview:3
iron oxidation, B Overview:3; B2:1-11
magnetic susceptibility, B4:1-22
mineral composition, B5:21
Moessbauer spectra, B2:8
Rock-Eval data, A:60, 133, 223, 284
scanning electron micrograph, B5:18
X-ray radiography, B7:17, 20, 23, 25, 29-30, 33, 36

sediments, clayey mixed, lithologic units, A:37-38

sediments, layered, photograph, A:40

sediments, mixed, lithologic units, A:84-92

sediments, red, sedimentation, A:174, 176-178

sediments, silty mixed, lithologic units, A:37-38

seismic lines, tracks, A:154, 246-247, 304

seismic profiles

Sites 1054-1055, A:71-74
Sites 1056-1059, A:155-156
Sites 1063-1064, A:305-306, 308
tracks, A:249-250

seismic reflection, correlation, A:72, 143, 146, 245-247, 304-306

seismic reflectors

mid-Pleistocene transition, A:314, 317-318
vs. depth, A:317

seismograms, synthetic

profiles, A:74-75
vs. two-way traveltime, A:75

shear strength

sediments, A:133-134, 235, 292
vs. depth, A:147, 239

shear strength, normalized, vs. depth, A:147

shear strength, peak, vs. depth, A:297

shear strength, undrained

sediments, A:69, 145-146, 238, 296-297
vs. depth, A:70, 238

shear strength, vane, sediments, A:67-68

shell fragments

lithologic units, A:84, 91
photograph, A:87

siderite

authigenesis, A:226
lithologic units, A:91
sediments, B2:4-6

silica

authigenesis, A:63, 125-126, 225-226, 228
pore water, A:286-288
sediments, B5:4-5, 22
vs. depth, A:62, 137, 227-228, 286-287

silica, amorphous, sediments, B5:4

silica, biogenic

cyclic processes, B5:6
lithologic units, A:255-258
mixture with quartz, B5:20
physical properties, B Overview:4
scanning electron micrograph, B5:18
sediments, A:288
vs. age, B5:19
vs. depth, B5:13, 17
X-ray diffraction data, B5:21

silica/aluminum oxide ratio

sediments, B5:4-5
vs. depth, B5:13

silicates, oxidation, B2:4-6

siliciclastics

lithologic units, A:84
photograph, A:84; B7:18
sedimentation, A:174, 176-178

silicoflagellates, lithologic units, A:38, 255-258

silt

laminations, A:174, 176-178
lithologic units, A:84-92, 164-165, 168, 170-174
photograph, A:84-85, 89-90, 92, 166-167, 256; B7:14, 18, 26
sediment drifts, A:7-8
sedimentary structures, B7:4-12

silt, clayey, photograph, B7:14

silt, sandy, photograph, A:259

Site 997, chloride, A:321

Site 1054

red sediments, B Overview:5-6
stable isotopes, B9:11

Site 1055

red sediments, B Overview:5-6
stable isotopes, B9:12

Site 1057

magnetic susceptibility, B4:1-22
sediments, B Overview:4

Site 1059, stadials/interstadials, B Overview:4-5

Site 1060

Brunhes Chron, B10:1-18
Brunhes/Matuyama polarity transition, A:318-319

Site 1061

Brunhes Chron, B10:1-18
magnetic susceptibility, B4:1-22
paleomagnetism, B11:1-20
sediments, B Overview:4

Site 1062

Brunhes Chron, B10:1-18
iron oxidation, B2:1-11
mud waves, B Overview:4-5
paleomagnetism, B11:1-20

Site 1063

biostratigraphy, B8:1-49
Brunhes Chron, B10:1-18
Brunhes/Matuyama polarity transition, A:318-319
Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, B5:1-24
organic geochemistry, B1:1-9
paleomagnetism, B11:1-20
red sediments, B Overview:5-6
stable isotopes, B9:13-14

site geophysics

Sites 1054-1055, A:68-75
Sites 1056-1059, A:135, 138, 143, 146
Sites 1060-1062, A:245-247
Sites 1063-1064, A:304-306

Sites 1054-1055, A:33-76

background and objectives, A:35
biostratigraphy, A:40-44
composite depths, A:47-48
coring, A:36
inorganic geochemistry, A:59-63
lithostratigraphy, A:37-40
mass accumulation rates, A:48-49
operations, A:35-37
organic geochemistry, A:49, 51-59
paleomagnetism, A:44-47
physical properties, A:63-68
sedimentation rates, A:48-49
site description, A:33-76
site geophysics, A:68-75
stratigraphic correlation, A:47-48

Sites 1054-1062, salinity, A:9

Sites 1054-1064, carbonate content, B6:1-12

Sites 1056-1059, A:77-156

background and objectives, A:81
biostratigraphy, A:93-97
coring, A:82-83
inorganic geochemistry, A:122-129
lithostratigraphy, A:83-93
mass accumulation rates, A:104-107, 113-116
operations, A:81-83
organic geochemistry, A:116-122
paleomagnetism, A:97-104
physical properties, A:129, 132-134
sedimentation rates, A:104-107, 113-116
site description, A:77-156
site geophysics, A:135, 138, 143, 146

Sites 1060-1062, A:157-250

background and objectives, A:161
biostratigraphy, A:178-184
composite depths, A:188-201
coring, A:162-163
downhole measurements, A:235-245
inorganic geochemistry, A:217-229
lithostratigraphy, A:164-178
mass accumulation rates rates, A:201-207
operations, A:161-164
organic geochemistry, A:207-217
paleomagnetism, A:184-188
physical properties, A:229-235
sedimentation rates, A:201-207
site description, A:157-250
site geophysics, A:245-247

Sites 1063-1064, A:251-308

background and objectives, A:252
biostratigraphy, A:259-262
composite depths, A:266-268
coring, A:253
correlation, A:266-268
downhole measurements, A:294-304
inorganic geochemistry, A:281-288
lithostratigraphy, A:254-259
mass accumulation rates, A:268-271
operations, A:252-254
organic geochemistry, A:271-281
paleomagnetism, A:262-266
physical properties, A:288-294
sedimentation rates, A:268-271
site description, A:251-308
site geophysics, A:304-306

slump beds

lithologic units, A:84-92
photograph, A:89

smectite. See illite-smectite mixture

sodium oxide, sediments, B5:22

Sohm Abyssal Plain

paleoceanography, A:9
pore water, A:311-313
sedimentary structures, B7:1-37
site description, A:251-308

species diversity, diatoms, B8:6

SPECMAP logs

correlation, A:318
vs. depth, A:303

splice tie points

Site 1063, A:270
Sites 1054-1055, A:49
Sites 1056-1059, A:106-107
Sites 1060-1062, A:191-192

spliced records, summary, A:52

sponge spicules, lithologic units, A:38, 91, 164-165, 168, 170-174

squalene derivatives, sediments, B1:2

stable isotopes

upper Pleistocene, B9:1-14
See also carbon isotopes; oxygen isotopes

stadials, aluminosilicates, B Overview:4

stadials/interstadials

aluminum oxide/titanium oxide ratio, B Overview:4
potassium oxide/aluminum oxide ratio, B Overview:4

steranes

mass chromatograms, B1:5-6
sediments, B1:2

stratification, inclined, photograph, A:174

stratigraphy, correlation, A:188-201

strontium

authigenesis, A:225-226, 228
pore water, A:286-288
vs. depth, A:227-228, 286-287

sulfate

diagenesis, A:60-63, 123, 125
methanogenesis, B3:2-3
pore water, A:228-229, 316
sediments, A:281, 285-286
vs. depth, A:62, 136, 226, 285, 316; B3:11
vs. methane, A:222-223, 225

sulfate/methane boundary

carbon cycling, B3:2
diagenesis, A:123, 125, 222, 225-227
pore water, A:311-313
sediments, A:272-277, 285-286

sulfate reduction

diagenesis, A:60-63, 123, 125, 218, 221, 223, 225
pore water, A:286-288
sediments, B Overview:2-5

sulfur, sediments, B5:22

sulfur, total, sediments, A:58-59, 130-131, 219-221, 282-283

surface water, ocean circulation, A:7

T

temperature

organic matter, A:278, 281
vs. salinity, B Overview:11

temperature, equilibrium, vs. depth, A:240

temperature, potential, vs. salinity, A:9

temperature logs

gas hydrates, A:245
vs. depth, A:246, 303

thanatocenoses, diatoms, B8:4

thermal conductivity

sediments, A:68, 70, 133-134, 149-150, 235, 239, 293, 298
vs. depth, A:71, 150, 240, 298

thermogenesis, fractures, A:274

thorium logs

clay lithology, A:242
vs. depth, A:244, 301, 303

thorium/potassium ratio logs, vs. depth, A:244, 301

titanium oxide

sediments, B5:4-5, 22
vs. aluminum oxide, B5:14
See also aluminum oxide/titanium oxide ratio

transport, diatoms, B8:4

traveltime, two-way, synthetic seismograms, A:75

triterpanes

mass chromatograms, B1:5-6
sediments, B1:2

turbidites

lithologic units, A:172-173, 258-259
photograph, A:175; B7:24
position, A:176
sedimentary structures, B7:1-37
sedimentation, A:174, 176-178
X-ray radiography, B7:25

U

u-channel records, magnetic excursions, B11:3-6

uranium logs

correlation, A:240
vs. depth, A:244, 301

V

velocity, acoustic, sediments, A:233-235, 291

velocity logs, vs. depth, A:243, 300

vivianite, sediments, B2:4-6

W

water content, vs. depth, A:66-67, 141-143, 233-234, 293-294

well-log Unit 1, correlation, A:238, 298

well-log Unit 2, correlation, A:238, 298-299

well-log Unit 3, correlation, A:238, 299

well-log Unit 4, correlation, A:240, 299

well-log units, correlation, A:237-238, 240, 298-299

well-logging

graphic summary, A:242, 299
Sites 1060-1062, A:235-245
Sites 1063-1064, A:294-304
See also downhole measurements

X

X-ray diffraction data, sediments, A:37, 86, 91, 169-170, 173, 257

X-ray radiography, sedimentary structures, B Overview:3; B7:4-12, 20-37

Y

Younger Dryas, glaciation, A:8

Z

Zoophycos, lithologic units, A:84, 90-91, 164-165, 168, 170-174, 257-258

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