ANALYTICAL METHODS

Whole-rock samples were slabbed with a water-cooled diamond-blade saw, crushed by a high-strength iron carbide jaw crusher, and powdered in a tungsten carbide shatterbox. Whole-rock powders were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) methods for major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) abundances on the Thermo Jarrell Ash Atom Scan 25 spectrometer in the Department of Geosciences, University of Houston. For major (Si, Al, Fe, Mg, and Ca) and trace (Na, P, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Zr, and Ba) element analyses, structural water was removed from sample powders by heating in a furnace at 1000°C for 30 min. Loss on ignition (LOI) was determined from the total weight change of the sample powder. Major and trace element analyses were performed on solutions in which the rock powder and LiBO2 flux had been mixed, fused, and then dissolved in 1.5-N HNO3. REE (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, and Yb), Sc, Y, and Hf analyses were conducted on solutions in which these elements had been isolated using standard cation exchange techniques. A detailed description of sample preparation and dilution methods is given in Smith (1994). The measured elemental abundances in the major and trace element and REE solutions were calibrated against at least five U.S. Geological Survey standards (AGV-1, DNC-1, G-2, JB-2, SDC-1, and STM-1) and a LiBO2 flux blank. Relative errors are <3% for major elements and 5%-10% for trace elements, except for Ni and Cr, which have relative errors of 15%-20%. Relative errors are <10% for REE, Sc, and Y and are ~25% for Hf. Mg numbers (100 x Mg/[Mg + Fe2+]) are calculated using an assumed Fe3+/(Fe2+ + Fe3+) ratio of 0.14. Rare earth element concentrations have been normalized to chondrite from Anders and Grevesse (1989). Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*) have been calculated as Eu/Eu* = (Eu)cn/[(Sm)cn x (Gd)cn]0.5 from McLennan (1989). Sr/Sr*, Zr/Zr*, and Ti/Ti* anomalies are similarly calculated as Sr/Sr* = (Sr)cn/[(Ce)cn x (Nd)cn]0.5, Zr/Zr* = (Zr)cn/[(Nd)cn x (Sm)cn]0.5, and Ti/Ti* = (Ti)cn/[(Gd)cn x (Dy)cn]0.5.

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