Event
|
Age
(Ma) |
Zone (base)
|
Reference
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|
A
|
B
|
|||
FO Emiliania huxleyi acme | 0.09 | NN21b | 1 | |
FO Emiliania huxleyi | 0.26 | NN21a | CN15 | 1 |
LO Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica acme | 0.26 | NN21a | CN15 | 2 |
LO Pseudoemiliania lacunosa | 0.46 | NN20 | CN14b | 1 |
LO Gephyrocapsa spp. small acme | 0.6 | 11 | ||
LO Reticulofenestra asanoi | 0.83 | 3 | ||
LO Gephyrocapsa spp. small acme | 0.96 | CN14a | 4 | |
FO Reticulofenestra asanoi | 1.06 | 3 | ||
LO Helicosphaera sellii | 1.25 | 4 | ||
LO Calcidiscus macintyrei | 1.67 | 4 | ||
Pleistocene/Pliocene boundary | 1.77 | 10 | ||
LO Discoaster brouweri | 1.95 | NN19 | CN13a | 4 |
FCO Discoaster triradiatus | 2.15 | 4 | ||
LO Discoaster pentaradiatus | 2.45 | NN18 | CN12d | 5 |
LO Discoaster surculus | 2.55 | NN17 | CN12c | 6 |
LO Discoaster tamalis | 2.83 | CN12b | 6 | |
late/early Pliocene boundary | 3.58 | 10 | ||
LO Sphenolithus spp. | 3.66 | 7 | ||
LO Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus | 3.82 | NN16 | CN12a | 7 |
LO Amaurolithus tricorniculatus | 4.5 | NN15 | CN11 | 8 |
FO Discoaster asymmetricus | 5.02 | NN14 | CN10d | 7 |
LO Ceratolithus acutus | 5.05 | 9 | ||
FO Ceratolithus rugosus | 5.23 | NN13 | CN10c | 6 |
LO Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus | 5.23 | 9 | ||
Pliocene/Miocene boundary | 5.32 | 10 | ||
FO Ceratolithus acutus | 5.37 | CN10b | 9 | |
LO Discoaster quinqueramus | 5.54 | NN12 | CN10a | 9 |
LO Amaurolithus amplificus | 5.9 | 10 | ||
FO Amaurolithus amplificus | 6.6 | 10 | ||
FO Amaurolithus primus | 7.2 | CN9b | 10 | |
FO Discoaster quinqueramus | 8.6 | NN11 | CN9a | 10 |
FO Discoaster berggrenii | 8.6 | NN11 | CN9a | 10 |
FO Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica (>5µm) paracme | 8.7 | 7 | ||
FO Discoaster loeblichii | 8.7 | CN8b | 10 | |
LO Discoaster bollii | 9.1 | 10 | ||
LO Discoaster hamatus | 9.63 | NN10 | CN8a | 7 |
FO Discoaster hamatus | 10.7 | NN9 | CN7 | 10 |
late/middle Miocene boundary | 11.2 | 10 | ||
FO Catinaster coalitus | 11.3 | NN8 | CN6 | 10 |
LO Discoaster kugleri | 11.5 | 10 | ||
FO Discoaster kugleri | 11.8 | NN7 | CN5b | 10 |
FO Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus | 13.2 | 10 | ||
LO Sphenolithus heteromorphus | 13.6 | NN6 | CN5a | 10 |
LO Helicosphaera ampliaperta | 15.6 | NN5 | CN4 | 10 |
middle/early Miocene boundary | 16.4 | 10 | ||
FO Sphenolithus heteromorphus | 18.2 | CN3 | 10 | |
LO Sphenolithus belemnos | 18.3 | NN4 | 10 | |
LO Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus | 18.3-23.2 | NN3 | 10 | |
FO Sphenolithus belemnos | 19.2 | NN3 | CN2 | 10 |
FO Discoaster druggii | 23.3 | NN2 | CN1c | 10 |
Notes: FO = first occurrence; LO = last occurrence; and FCO = first common occurrence. Zonal codes are those of (A) Martini (1971) and (B) Okada and Bukry (1980). Age references: (1) Thierstein et al. (1977); (2) Pujos (1988); (3) Sato et al. (1991); (4) Raffi et al. (1993); (5) Lourens et al. (1996); (6) Tiedemann et al. (1994); (7) Raffi and Flores (1995); (8) Shipboard Scientific Party (1997); (9) Backmann and Raffi (1997); (10) Berggren et al. (1995b); (11) Weaver (1993).