SPECIES LIST

The following species list includes references for the species concept used, a recent reference, and the reference used in assigning species to environmental groups. The species number (sp. no.) following the species name refers to its number in Table T1.

Acrosphaera murrayana (Haeckel) (sp. no. 15)
Choenicosphaera murrayana Haeckel, 1887, p. 102, pl. VIII, fig. 4; Strelkov and Reshetnyak, 1971, p. 347, fig. 25.

Actinomma cf. leptodermum (sp. no. 56)
Abelmann and Gowing, 1997, p. 22, pl. I, fig. 4; Actinomma spp. 1, Morley, 1977, p. 253, pl. 3 figs. 1-3 (with description and synonymy).

Amphirhopalum ypsilon Haeckel (sp. no. 49)
Amphirhopalum ypsilon Haeckel, 1887, p. 522; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1980, p. 117, pl. 3, fig. 16 (Warm; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1980).

Dictyocoryne profunda Ehrenberg (sp. no. 2)
Dictyocoryne profunda Ehrenberg, 1860, p. 767; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. S87, pl. 12, fig. 1 (Warm; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1980).

Dictyocoryne sp. (sp. no. 6)
Dictyocoryne with arms too short for making species identification.

Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus (Haeckel) Sanfilippo and Riedel (sp. no. 32)
Panartus tetrathalamus Haeckel 1887, p. 378, pl. 40, fig. 3. Ommatartus tetrathalamus (Haeckel), Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. S49, pl. 6, figs. 1a-d (with synonymy). Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus (Haeckel), Sanfilippo and Riedel, 1980, p. 1010; Abelmann and Gowing, 1997, p. 380, pl. 1, fig. 8 (Warm; Kling, 1979).

Hexacontium enthcanthum Jørgensen (sp. no. 54)
Hexacontium enthcanthum Jørgensen, 1900; p. 52, pl. 2, fig. 14, pl. 4, fig. 20; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. S45, pl. 5, figs. 1a, b.

Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (sp. no. 12)
Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer, 1889, p. 124, pl. 10, fig. 70; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. S131, pl. 17, figs. 1a, b (Transition; Kling, 1977).

Lithelius minor Jørgensen (sp. no. 13)
Jørgensen, 1900, p. 65, pl. 5, fig. 24; Benson, 1966, p. 262, pl. 17, figs. 9, 10; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. S135, pl. 17, figs. 3, 4a, b; Abelmann, 1992b, p. 380, pl. 2, fig. 13 (Transition; Molina-Cruz, 1977).

Rhizoplegma boreale (Cleve) Jørgensen (sp. no. 62)
Jørgensen, 1899, p. 61; 1905, p. 118, pl. 9, fig. 38, pl. 10, fig. 38e, f; Abelmann, 1992b, p. 382, pl. 1, fig. 13; Abelmann and Gowing, 1997, p. 25. Hexadoras borealis Cleve, 1899, p. 30, pl. 2, figs. 2f, 4a-c.

Spongaster tetras Ehrenberg tetras Nigrini (sp. no. 35)
Spongaster tetras Ehrenberg, 1860, p. 833; Spongaster tetras Ehrenberg tetras Nigrini, 1967, p. 41, pl. 5, figs. 1a, b; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N93, pl. 13, fig. 1.

Spongocore puella Haeckel (sp. no. 20)
Haeckel, 1887, p. 347, pl. 48, fig. 6; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. S69, pl. 8, figs. 5a-c (Warm; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1980).

Spongodiscid sp. (sp. no. 1)
Spongotrochus sp. 1, Abelmann and Gowing, 1997, p. 25, pl. II, fig. 4.

Spongopyle osculosa Dreyer (sp. no. 9)
Dreyer, 1889, p. 42, pl. 11, figs. 99, 100; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, pp. S115-S116, pl. 15, fig. 1 (with synonymy); Abelmann, 1992b, p. 382 (Intermediate; Morley, 1977).

Spongotrochus glacialis Popofsky group (sp. no. 39)
Spongotrochus glacialis Popofsky, 1908, p. 228, pl. 26, fig. 8, pl. 27, fig. 1, pl. 28, fig. 2. Spongotrochus glacialis Popofsky group, Petrushevskaya, 1975, p. 575, pl. 5, fig. 8, pl. 35, figs. 1-6; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, pp. S117-S118, pl. 15, figs. 2a-d (with synonymy); Abelmann, 1992b, p. 382 (Intermediate; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1980).

Spongotrochus (?) venustum (Bailey) (sp. no. 25)
Perichlamidium venustum Bailey, 1856, p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 16, 17; Stylochlamydium venustum (Bailey) Renz, 1976, p. 110, pl. 3, fig. 11; Spongotrochus (?) venustum (Bailey) Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. S119, pl. 15, fig. 3a, b; Abelmann and Gowing, 1997, p. 25, pl. II, figs. 1-3 (Transition; Kling, 1979).

Spongurus cf. S. elliptica (Ehrenberg) (sp. no. 5)
?Acanthosphaera elliptica Ehrenberg, 1873, p. 310; Spongurus cf. S. elliptica (Ehrenberg) Benson, 1966, p. 189, pl. 8 figs. 4, 5; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1987, pl. II, fig. 27 (Warm; Johnson and Nigrini, 1982).

Spongurus pylomaticus Riedel (sp. no. 33)
Riedel, 1958, p. 226, pl. 1, figs. 10, 11; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. S65, pl. 8, figs. 3a, b (with synonymy); Abelmann, 1992b, p. 382, pl. 1, fig. 11.

Stylodictya aculeata Jørgensen (sp. no. 34)
Jørgensen, 1905, p. 119, pl. 10, fig. 41; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. S101, pl. 13, figs. 3, 4.

Tetrapyle octacantha/Octapyle stenozona group (sp. no. 3)
Both species, T. octacantha and O. stenozona, are included in this group. Octapyle stenozona Haeckel, 1887, p. 652, pl. 9, fig. 11; Benson, 1966, p. 251, pl. 16, figs. 3, 4, Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. S123, pl. 16, figs. 2a, b; Abelmann, 1992b, p. 380, pl. 1, fig. 9. Tetrapyle octacantha Müller, Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. S125, pl. 16, fig. 3a, b; Abelmann and Gowing, 1997, p. 25, pl. II, fig. 9 (Warm; Molina-Cruz, 1977).

Nassellaria

Anthocyrtidium ophirense (Ehrenberg) Nigrini (sp. no. 46)
Anthocyrtis ophirensis Ehrenberg 1872a, p. 301; Ehrenberg 1872b, p. 285, pl. 9, fig. 13. Anthocyrtidium ophirense (Ehrenberg) Nigrini and Caulet 1988, p. 352, pl. 2, figs. 1-4 (with synonymy) (Warm; Johnson and Nigrini, 1982).

Anthocyrtidium zanguebaricum (Ehrenberg) (sp. no. 26)
Anthocyrtis zanguebarica Ehrenberg, 1872a, p. 301; Anthocyrtidium zanguebaricum (Ehrenberg) Nigrini, 1967; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N69, p. 25, fig. 3 (Warm; Johnson and Nigrini, 1982).

Arachnocorys circumtexta Haeckel (sp. no. 51)
Haeckel, 1860, p. 837; 1862, p. 542, pl. 6, figs. 9-11; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1980, p. 121, pl. 4, figs. 18a, b (Warm; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1980).

Arachnocorys pentacantha Popofsky (sp. no. 59)
Arachnocorys pentacantha Popofsky, 1913, p. 366, text figs. 84-86; Kling, 1977, p. 215, pl. 1, fig. 10.

Botryocyrtis scutum (Harting) (sp. no. 60)
Haliomma scutum Harting, 1863, p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 18; Botryocyrtis scutum (Harting) Nigrini, 1967, p. 52, pl. 6, figs. 1a-c; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N105, pl. 28, figs. 1a, b (Warm; Johnson and Nigrini, 1982).

Botryostrobus aquilonaris (Bailey) (sp. no. 42)
Eucyrtidium aquilonaris Bailey, 1856, p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 9; Botryostrobus aquilonaris (Bailey) Nigrini, 1977, p. 246, pl. 1, fig. 1; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N99, pl. 27, fig. 1 (Intermediate; Kling, 1979).

Botryostrobus auritus/australis (Ehrenberg) group Nigrini (sp. no. 4)
Lithocampe aurita Ehrenberg, 1844b, p. 84; Lithocampe australe Ehrenberg, 1844a, p. 187; Botryostrobus auritus/australis (Ehrenberg) group Nigrini, 1971, p. 246, pl. 1, figs. 2-5; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N101, pl. 27, figs. 2a-d (Warm; Petrushevskaya, 1971a).

Carpocanarium papilosum (Ehrenberg) group (sp. no. 7)
Eucyrtidium papillium Ehrenberg, 1872a, p. 310; 1872b, pl. 7, fig. 10; Dictyocephalus papillosus (Ehrenberg), Haeckel, 1887, p. 1307; Riedel, 1958, p. 236, pl. 3, fig. 10, text fig. 8; Dictyocryphalus papillosus (Ehrenberg), Nigrini, 1967, p. 63, pl. 6, fig. 6; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N27, pl. 21, fig. 3.

Carpocanistrum sp. (sp. no. 31)
Haeckel, 1887, Renz, 1976, p. 202, pl. 6, fig. 4 (Warm; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1987).

Clathrocyclas bicornis Hays (sp. no. 40)
Hays, 1965, p. 179, pl. 3, fig. 3; Nishimura and Yamauchi, 1984, pl. 36, figs. 8a, b, 12 (Transition; Kling, 1979).

Cornutella profunda Ehrenberg (sp. no. 8)
Ehrenberg, 1858, p. 31; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1980, p. 123, pl. 5, fig. 6 (Intermediate; Kling, 1979).

Corocalyptra columba (sp. no. 10)
Pterocorys volumns Haeckel, 1887, pl. 71, fig. 2; Corocalyptra columba (Haeckel) Takahashi and Honjo, 1981, p. 153, pl. 9, fig. 16; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1987, pl. IV, fig. 21.

Cycladophora bicornis (Popofsky) (sp. no. 36)
Pterocorys bicornis Popofsky, 1908, p. 288, pl. 34, figs. 7, 8; Theocalyptra bicornis (Popofsky) Riedel, 1958, p. 240, pl. 4, fig. 4 (Intermediate; Morley, 1989).

Cycladophora davisiana (Ehrenberg) var. cornutoides Petrushevskaya (sp. no. 52)
Cycladophora (?) davisiana Ehrenberg, 1872b, p. 289; Cycladophora davisiana (Ehrenberg) var. cornutoides Petrushevskaya, 1967, p. 124, pl. 70, figs. 1-3; Theocalyptra davisiana (Ehrenberg) cornutoides (Petrushevskaya) Kling, 1977, p. 217, pl. 1, fig. 20 (Transition; Kling, 1977).

Cycladophora davisiana (Ehrenberg) (sp. no. 22)
Ehrenberg, 1861, p. 297; Cycladophora (?) davisiana Ehrenberg, 1872b, p. 289; Petrushevskaya, 1967, p. 122, pl. 69, figs. I-VII; Theocalyptra davisiana (Ehrenberg) davisiana (Petrushevskaya) Kling, 1977, p. 217, pl. II, fig. 17 (Intermediate; Kling, 1977).

Cyrtolagena laguncula Haeckel (sp. no. 61)
Haeckel, 1887, p. 1451, pl. 75, fig. 10; Petrushevskaya, 1971a, p. 171, pl. 89, figs. I-III.

Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg (sp. no. 23)
Ehrenberg, 1854, p. 241; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N22, figs. 1a, b (Transition; Weinheimer et al., 1986).

Dictyophimus gracilipes Bailey (sp. no. 14)
Bailey, 1856, p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 8; Petrushevskaya, 1967, pp. 65-67, figs. 38, 39 (with synonymy); Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1980, p. 124, pl. 5, fig. 8 (Intermediate; Abelmann and Gowing, 1997).

Dictyophimus infabricatus Nigrini (sp. no. 44)
Nigrini, 1968, p. 56, pl. 1, fig. 6; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N37, pl. 22, fig. 5 (Transition; Kling, 1979).

Eucyrtidium acuminatum (Ehrenberg) (sp. no.17)
Lithocampe acuminatum Ehrenberg, 1844b, p. 84; Eucyrtidium acuminatum (Ehrenberg) Nigrini, 1967, p. 81, pl. 8, figs. 3a, b; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N61, pl. 24, figs. 3a, b (Warm; Petrushevskaya, 1971b).

Eucyrtidium cf. E. teuscheri (Haeckel) Caulet (sp. no. 53)
Caulet, 1985, p. 851, pl. 5, figs. 5-8; Abelmann and Gowing, 1997, p. 22, pl. II, fig. 14.

Helotholus histricosa Jørgensen (sp. no. 18)
Jørgensen, 1905, p. 137, pl. 16, figs. 86-88; Kling, 1977, pl. 1, fig. 6 (Transition; Kling, 1977).

Lamprocyclas maritalis Haeckel (sp. no. 19)
Haeckel, 1887, p. 1390, pl. 74, figs. 13-14; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, N75, pl. 25, fig. 4 (Intermediate; Renz, 1976).

Lamprocyrtis (?) hannai (Campbell and Clark) (sp. no. 11)
Calocyclas hannai Campbell and Clark, 1944, p. 48, pl. 6, figs. 21, 22; Lamprocyrtis (?) hannai (Campbell and Clark) Kling, 1973; p. 638, pl. 5, figs. 12-14, pl. 12, figs. 10-14; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N83, pl. 25, fig. 8.

Lamprocyrtis nigriniae (Caulet) Nigrini and Moore (sp. no. 47)
Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N81, pl. 25, fig. 7 (with synonymy); Conarachnium nigriniae Caulet 1971, p. 3, pl. 3, figs. 1-4, pl. 4, figs. 1-4 (Intermediate; Kling, 1979).

Lampromitra coronata Haeckel (sp. no. 50)
Haeckel, 1887, p. 1214, pl. 60, figs. 7a, b; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1987, pl. IV, fig. 5.

Lampromitra quadricuspus Haeckel (sp. no. 27)
Haeckel, 1887, pp. 1214-1215, pl. 58, fig. 7; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1987, pl. IV, fig. 6.

Lipmanella dictyoceras (Haeckel) (sp. no.41)
Lithornithium dictyoceras Haeckel, 1860, p. 840; Lipmanella dictyoceras (Haeckel) Kling, 1973, p. 636, pl. 4, figs. 24-26 (Warm; Kling, 1979).

Lithomelissa setosa Jørgensen (sp. no. 37)
Jørgensen, 1900, pp. 81-83, pl. 4, figs. 21, 22; Bjørklund, 1974, pp. 24-26, text fig. 8 (with synonymy); Abelmann 1992b, p. 380, pl. 3, fig. 14 (Intermediate; Kling, 1977).

Lithostrobus hexagonalis Haeckel (sp. no. 43)
Haeckel, 1887, p. 1475, pl. 79, fig. 20; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1987, p. 100, pl. V, fig. 11 (Warm; Renz, 1976).

Lophospyris pentagona pentagona (Ehrenberg) (sp. no. 57)
Ceratospyris pentagona Ehrenberg, 1872a, p. 303; 1872b, pl. 15, fig. 15; Lophospyris pentagona pentagona (Ehrenberg) Goll, 1976, p. 398, pl. 10, figs. 1-7, pl. 11, figs. 1-3, 5; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N15, pl. 19, fig. 5 (Warm; Johnson and Nigrini, 1982).

Lophospyris/Phormospyris group (sp. no. 48)
Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1987, pl. III, figs. 14a, b.

Peripyramis circumtexta Haeckel (sp. no. 38)
Haeckel, 1887, p. 1162, pl. 54, fig. 5; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N29, pl. 21, figs. 4a, b (Intermediate; Kling, 1979).

Phormospyris stabilis stabilis (Goll) (sp. no. 58)
Dendrospyris stabilis Goll, 1968, pp. 1422-1423, pl. 173, figs. 16-18; Phormospyris stabilis stabilis (Goll) Goll, 1976, p. 390, pl. 1, figs. 1-13 (Warm; Kling, 1979).

Phormostichoartus corbula (Harting) (sp. no. 21)
Lithocampe corbula Harting, 1863, p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 21; Siphocampe corbula (Harting) Nigrini, 1967, p. 85, pl. 8, fig. 5, pl. 9, fig. 3; Phormostichoartus corbula (Harting) Nigrini, 1977, p. 252, pl. 1, fig. 10; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N103, pl. 27, fig. 3 (Warm; Kling, 1979).

Pterocanium praetextum (Ehrenberg) eucolpum Haeckel (sp. no. 28)
Pterocanium eucolpum Haeckel, 1887, p. 1322, pl. 73, fig. 4; Pterocanium praetextum (Ehrenberg) eucolpum Haeckel, Nigrini, 1967, p. 70, pl. 7, fig. 2; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N43, pl. 23, fig. 3 (Transition; Nigrini, 1970).

Pterocanium praetextum praetextum (Ehrenberg) (sp. no. 55)
Lychnocanium praetextum Ehrenberg, 1872a, p. 316; Pterocanium praetextum (Ehrenberg) Haeckel, 1887, p. 1330, pl. 73, fig. 6; Pterocanium praetextum praetextum (Ehrenberg) Nigrini, 1967, p. 68, pl. 7, fig. 1 (Warm; Johnson and Nigrini, 1982).

Pterocanium trilobum (Haeckel) Nigrini (sp. no. 16)
Dictyopodium trilobum Haeckel, 1860, p. 839; Pterocanium trilobum (Haeckel) Nigrini, 1967, p. 71, pl. 7, figs. 3a, b; Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N45, pl. 23, figs. 4a-c.

Pterocanium sp. 1 (sp. no. 29)
Nigrini and Moore, 1979, pl. 23, fig. 6a, b.

Pterocorys minythorax (Nigrini) (sp. no. 24)
Theoconus minythorax Nigrini, 1968, p. 57, pl. 1, fig. 8; Pterocorys minythorax (Nigrini), Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N85, pl. 25, fig. 10. (Warm; Molina-Cruz, 1977)

Pterocorys zancleus (Müller) (sp. no. 30)
Eucyrtidium zanclaeum Müller, 1858, p. 41, pl. 6, figs. 1-3; Theoconus zancleus (Müller) Benson, 1966, p. 482, pl. 33, fig. 4 (not 5); Nigrini and Moore, 1979, p. N89, pl. 25, figs. 11a, b; Abelmann and Gowing, 1997, p. 25 (Warm; Petrushevskaya, 1971c).

Theocorythium trachelium (Ehrenberg) (sp. no. 45)
Eucyrtidium trachelius Ehrenberg, 1872a, p. 312; Theocorythium trachelium (Ehrenberg) Petrushevskaya, 1971a, p. 22, pl. 118, figs. I, II; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1980, p. 127, pl. 5, fig. 22 (Warm; Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1980).