REFERENCES

Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Swisher, C.C., III, and Aubry, M.-P., 1995. A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy. In Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Aubry, M.-P., and Hardenbol, J. (Eds.), Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation. Spec. Publ.—Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. (Soc. Sediment. Geol.), 54:129-212.

Bjψrklund, K.R., 1976. Radiolaria from the Norwegian Sea, Leg 38 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. In Talwani, M., Udintsev, G., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 38: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 1101-1168.

————, 1977. Actinomma haysi, n.sp., its Holocene distribution and size variation in Atlantic Ocean sediments. Micropaleontology, 23:114-126.

Bjψrklund, K.R., and Goll, R.M., 1979. Internal skeletal structures of Collosphaera and Trisolenia: a case of repetitive evolution in the Collosphaeridae (Radiolaria). J. Paleontol., 53:1293-1326.

Boltovskoy, D., and Riedel, W.R., 1987. Polycystine radiolaria of the California Current region: seasonal and geographic patterns. Mar. Micropaleontol., 12:65-104.

Boltovskoy, D., and Vrba, A., 1988. Classification and geographic distribution of Stylodictya-type radiolarians. Micropaleontology, 34:332-340.

Cande, S.C., and Kent, D.V., 1995. Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity time scale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. J. Geophys. Res., 100:6093-6095.

Caulet, J.P., 1986. Radiolarians from the southwest Pacific. In Kennett, J.P., von der Borch, C.C., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 90: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 835-861.

————, 1991. Radiolarians from the Kerguelen Plateau, Leg 119. In Barron, J., Larsen, B., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 119: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 513-546.

Chen, P.-H., 1975. Antarctic radiolaria. In Hayes, D.E., Frakes, L.A., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 28: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 437-513.

Clark, B.L., and Campbell, A.S., 1942. Eocene radiolarian faunas from the Mt. Diablo area, California. Spec. Pap.—Geol. Soc. Am., 39:1-76.

Cleve, P.T., 1899. Plankton collected by the Swedish expedition to Spitzbergen. Kongl. Sven. Vetensk.—Akad. Handl., 32:2-34.

Dreyer, F., 1889. Morphologische Radiolarienstudien. 1. Die Pylombildungen in vergleichend-anatomischer und entwicklungsgeschichtlicher Beziehung bei Radiolarien und bei Protisten όberhaupt, nebst System und Beschreibung neuer und der bis jetzt bekannten pylomatischen Spumellarien. Jena. Z. Naturwiss., 23:1-138.

————, 1913. Die Polycystinen der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebn. Plankton-Exped. Humboldt-Stiftung., 3:1-104.

Dumitrica, P., 1978. Badenian radiolaria from Central Paratethys. In Brestenska, E. (Ed.), Chronostratigraphie und Neostratotypen, Miozδn der Zentralen Paratethys, Bd. 6, M4-Badeninen. VEDA, Bratislava, 231-246.

Ehrenberg, C.G., 1847. άber eine halibiolithische, von Herrn R. Schomburgk entdeckte, vorherrschend aus mikroskopischen Polycystinen gebildete, Gebirgsmasse von Barbados. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Bericht, Jahre 1846:382-385.

————, 1872a. Mikrogeologische Studien als Zusammenfassung der Beobachtungen des kleinsten Lebens der Meeres-Tiefgrunde aller Zonen und dessen geologischen Einfluss. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Monatsberichte, 265-322.

————, 1872b. Mikrogeologische Studien όber das kleinste Leben der Meeres-Tiefgrunde aller Zonen und dessen geologischen Einfluss. Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 131-399.

Giraudeau, J., Christensen, B.A., Hermelin, O., Lange, C.B., Motoyama, I., and Shipboard Scientific Party, 1998. Biostratigraphic age models and sedimentation rates along the southwest African margin. In Wefer, G., Berger, W.H., and Richter, C., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 175: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 543-546.

Goll, R.M., 1968. Classification and phylogeny of Cenozoic Trissocyclidae (Radiolaria) in the Pacific and Caribbean basins, Part I. J. Paleontol., 42:1409-1432.

————, 1976. Morphological intergradation between modern populations of Lophospyris and Phormospyris (Trissocyclidae, Radiolaria). Micropaleontology, 22:379-418.

————, 1979. The Neogene evolution of Zygocircus, Neosemantis and Callimitra: their bearing on nassellarian classification. A revision of the Plagiacanthoidea. Micropaleontology, 25:365-396.

Haeckel, E., 1860. Abbildungen und Diagnosen neuer Gattungen und Arten von lebenden Radiolarien des Mittelmeeres. Monatsber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 835-845.

————, 1862. Die Radiolarien (Rhizopoda Radiolaria): Berlin (Reimer).

————, 1881. Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jena. Z. Med. Naturwiss., 15 (Vol. 8, Pt. 3):418-472.

————, 1887. Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Rep. Sci. Results Voy. H.M.S. Challenger, 1873-1876, Zool., 18:1-1803.

Hays, J.D., 1965. Radiolaria and late Tertiary and Quaternary history of Antarctic seas. In Llano, G.A. (Ed.), Biology of the Antarctic Seas II. Antarct. Res. Ser., 5:125-184.

————, 1970. Stratigraphy and evolutionary trends of radiolaria in North Pacific deep sea sediments. In Hays, J.D. (Ed.), Geological Investigations of the North Pacific. Mem.—Geol. Soc. Am., 126:185-218.

Hays, J.D., and Shackleton, N.J., 1976. Globally synchronous extinction of the radiolarian Stylatractus universus. Geology, 4:649-652.

Johnson, D.A., Schneider, D.A., Nigrini, C.A., Caulet, J.-P., and Kent, D.V., 1989. Pliocene-Pleistocene radiolarian events and magnetostratigraphic calibrations for the tropical Indian Ocean. Mar. Micropaleontol., 14:33-66.

Jφrgensen, E., 1905. The protist plankton and the diatoms in bottom samples. Bergens Mus. Skr., 49-151.

Keany, J., and Kennett, J.P., 1975. Pliocene-Pleistocene radiolarian biostratigraphy and paleoclimatology at DSDP Site 278 on the Antarctic Convergence. In Kennett, J.P., Houtz, R.E., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 29: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 757-767.

Kling, S.A., 1973. Radiolaria from the eastern North Pacific, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 18. In Kulm, L.D., von Huene, R., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 18: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 617-671.

Lazarus, D., 1990. Middle Miocene to Recent radiolarians from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, ODP Leg 113. In Barker, P.F., Kennett, J.P., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 113: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 709-727.

————, 1992. Antarctic Neogene radiolarians from the Kerguelen Plateau, Legs 119 and 120. In Wise, S.W., Jr., Schlich, R., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 120: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 785-809.

Lombari, G., and Lazarus, D.B., 1988. Neogene cycladophorid radiolarians from North Atlantic, Antarctic, and North Pacific deep-sea sediments. Micropaleontology, 34:97-135.

Martin, G.C., 1904. Radiolaria. In Clark, W.B., Eastman, C.R., Glenn, L.C., Bagg, R.M., Bassler, R.S., Boyer, C.S., Case, E.C., and Hollick, C.A. (Eds.), Systematic Paleontology of the Miocene Deposits of Maryland: Baltimore (Maryland Geol. Surv., Johns Hopkins Press), 447-459.

Molina-Cruz, A., 1977. Radiolarian assemblages and their relationship to the oceanography of the subtropical southeastern Pacific. Mar. Micropaleontol., 2:315-352.

Moore, T.C., Jr., 1995. Radiolarian stratigraphy, Leg 138. In Pisias, N.G., Mayer, L.A., Janecek, T.R., Palmer-Julson, A., and van Andel, T.H. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 138: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 191-232.

Morley, J.J., and Nigrini, C., 1995. Miocene to Pleistocene radiolarian biostratigraphy of North Pacific Sites 881, 884, 885, 886, and 887. In Rea, D.K., Basov, I.A., Scholl, D.W., and Allan, J.F. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 145: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 55-91.

Morley, J.J., and Shackleton, N.J., 1978. Extension of the radiolarian Stylatractus universus as a biostratigraphic datum to the Atlantic Ocean. Geology, 6:309-311.

Motoyama, I., 1996. Late Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy in the subarctic Northwest Pacific. Micropaleontology, 42:221-260.

————, 1997. Origin and evolution of Cycladophora davisiana Ehrenberg (Radiolaria) in DSDP Site 192, Northwest Pacific. Mar. Micropaleontol., 30:45-63.

Motoyama, I., and Maruyama, T., 1998. Neogene diatom and radiolarian biochronology for the middle-to-high latitudes of the Northwest Pacific region: calibration to the Kent's geomagnetic polarity time scales (CK 92 and CK 95). J. Geol. Soc. Jpn., 104:171-183. (in Japanese with English abstract)

Mόller, J., 1855. Uber die im Hafen von Messina beobachteten Polycystinen. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Bericht, 671-674.

————, 1856. άber die Thalassicollen, Polycystinen und Acanthometren des Mittelmeeres. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Monatsbericht, Jahre 1856:474-503.

————, 1858. άber die Thalassicollen, Polycystinen und Acanthometren des Mittelmeeres. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Abh., 1-62.

Mullineaux, L.S., and Westberg-Smith, M.J., 1986. Radiolarians as paleoceanographic indicators in the Miocene Monterey Formation, upper Newport Bay, California. Micropaleontology, 32:48-70.

Nigrini, C., 1967. Radiolaria in pelagic sediments from the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., 11:1-125.

————, 1968. Radiolaria from eastern tropical Pacific sediments. Micropaleontology, 14:51-63.

————, 1977. Tropical Cenozoic Artostrobiidae (Radiolaria). Micropaleontology, 23:241-269.

Nigrini, C., and Caulet, J.-P., 1988. The genus Anthocyrtidium (Radiolaria) from the tropical late Neogene of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Micropaleontology, 34:341-360.

————, 1992. Late Neogene radiolarian assemblages characteristic of Indo-Pacific areas of upwelling. Micropaleontology, 38:139-164.

Nigrini, C., and Lombari, G., 1984. A Guide to Miocene Radiolaria. Spec. Publ. Cushman Found. Foraminiferal Res., 22.

Nigrini, C., and Moore, T.C., 1979. A Guide to Modern Radiolaria. Spec. Publ. Cushman Found. Foraminiferal Res., 16.

Petrushevskaya, M.G., 1967. Radiolyarii otryadov Spumellaria i Nassellaria antarkticheskoi oblasti (Antarctic Spumelline and Nasselline radiolarians). In Resultaty Biologicheskikh Issledovanii Sovetskoi Antarkticheskoi Ekspeditsii 1955-1958 (Vol. 3). Issled. Fauny Morei, Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 4:1-186.

————, 1971a. On the natural system of Polycystine Radiolaria (Class Sarcodina). In Farinacci, A. (Ed.), Proc. 2nd Planktonic Conf. Roma: Rome (Ed. Tecnosci.), 981-992.

————, 1971b. Radiolyarii Nassellaria v planktone Mirovogo okeana. In Bykhovshii, B.E. (Ed.), Radiolyarii Mirovogo Okeana (po materialam Sovetskic ekspeditsii). Issled. Fauny Morei, 9:5-294.

————, 1975. Cenozoic radiolarians of the Antarctic, Leg 29, DSDP. In Kennett, J.P., Houtz, R.E., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 29: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 541-675.

Pisias, N.G., and Moore, T.C., Jr., 1978. Cenozoic radiolarians from Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 40. In Bolli, H.M., Ryan, W.B.F., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 40: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 845-856.

Popofsky, A., 1908. Die Radiolarien der Antarktis (mit Ausnahme der Tripyleen). Dtsch. Sudpolar-Exped., 1901-1903, Zool., 10:183-306.

————, 1912. Die Sphaerellarien des Warmwassergebietes. Dtsch. Sudpolar-Exped., 1901-1903, Zool., 13:73-160.

Renz, G.W., 1974. Radiolaria from Leg 27 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. In Veevers, J.J., Heirtzler, J.R., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 27: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 769-841.

————, 1976. The distribution and ecology of Radiolaria in the Central Pacific: plankton and surface sediments. Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., 22:1-267.

Riedel, W.R., 1958. Radiolaria in Antarctic sediments. Rep. B.A.N.Z. Antarct. Res. Exped., Ser. B, 6:217-255.

Riedel, W.R., and Sanfilippo, A., 1978. Radiolaria. In Zachariasse, W.J., Riedel, W.R., Sanfilippo, A., Schmidt, R.R., Brolsma, M.J., Schrader, H.J., Gersonde, R., Drooger, M.M., and Broekman, J.A. (Eds.), Micropaleontological Counting Methods and Techniques—An Exercise on an Eight Metres Section of the Lower Pliocene of Capo Rossello, Sicily. Utrecht Micropaleontol. Bull., 17:81-128.

Riedel, W.R., Westberg-Smith, M.J., and Budai A., 1985. Late Neogene Radiolaria and Mediterranean paleoenvironments. In Stanley, D.J., and Wezel, F.-C. (Eds.), Geological Evolution of the Mediterranean Basin: Berlin (Springer-Verlag), 487-523.

Sanfilippo, A., and Riedel, W.R., 1980. A revised generic and suprageneric classification of the Artiscins (Radiolaria). J. Paleontol., 54:1008-1011.

Sanfilippo, A., Westberg-Smith, M.J., and Riedel, W.R., 1985. Cenozoic radiolaria. In Bolli, H.M., Saunders, J.B., and Perch-Nielsen, K. (Eds.), Plankton Stratigraphy: Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press), 631-712.

Shipboard Scientific Party, 1998. Site 1082. In Wefer, G., Berger, W.H., and Richter, C., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. Repts, 175: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 273-312.

Takahashi, K., 1991. Radiolaria: Flux, Ecology, and Taxonomy in the Pacific and Atlantic. Ocean Biocoenosis Ser., 3: Woods Hole, MA (WHOI).

Weaver, F.M., 1983. Cenozoic radiolarians from the southwest Atlantic, Falkland Plateau region, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 71. In Ludwig, W.J., Krasheninnikov, V.A., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 71 (Pt. 2): Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 667-686.

Wefer, G., Berger, W.H., and Richter, C., et al., 1998. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 175: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).