Frontispiece 2. A. A high-resolution graph shows Fe (red line) and Ca (blue line) intensities (in counts per second) from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1085. The late Miocene/early Pliocene records of Fe and Ca intensities were measured (every 4 cm) by a nondestructive X-ray fluorescence core scanner at the ODP core repository in Bremen, Germany. The astronomically calibrated ages were obtained from the high-resolution benthic ¹⁸O record at Site 1085. B. Seismic line GeoB/AWI 93-015 at Sites 1078 and 1079. The vertical axis is given in two-way traveltime. The common depth point (CDP) interval is 25 m for a shotpoint spacing of 25 m. Seismic data are 24-fold stacked and are not migrated. Site 1078 is located at CDP 8550, and Site 1079 is at CDP 8150. Four additional sites (MAB 3, 4, 5A, and 5B) were originally proposed; one (MAB 5B) was withdrawn before the safety review.