Table T8. Diatom, silicoflagellate, ebridian, Actiniscus, sponge spicule, and opaline phytolith occurrence in smear slides investigated from Site 1090. Notes: Abundance abbreviations: A = abundant, C = common, F = few, R = rare, T = trace, X = present, B = barren. Preservation abbreviations: G = good, M = moderate, P = poor. For more specific definitions, refer to the "Explanatory Notes" chapter. Leg Site Hole Core Type Section Interval Top (cm) Interval Bottom (cm) Depth (mbsf) Depth (mcd) Diatom abundance Diatom preservation Silicoflagellate occurrence Ebridian occurrrence Actiniscus occurrence Sponge spicule occurrence Opaline phytolith occurrence Actinocyclus actinochilus Actinocyclus curvatulus Actinocyclus ingens Actinoptychus senarius Alveolus marinus Asteromphalus parvulus Azpeitia nodulifer Azpeitia tabularis Bogorovia mirabilis Bogorovia veniamini Cavitatus jouseanus Chaetoceros spp. Coscinodiscus marginatus Coscinodiscus radiatus Coscinodiscus rhombicus Ethmodiscus rex Eucampia antarctica Fragilariopsis angulata Fragilariopsis aurica Fragilariopsis barronii Fragilariopsis doliolus Fragilariopsis fossilis Fragilariopsis interfrigidaria Fragilariopsis kerguelensis Fragilariopsis matuyamae Fragilariopsis mat. var. heterop. Fragilariopsis praecurta Fragilariopsis praeinterfrigidaria Fragilariopsis reinholdii Fragilariopsis ritscherii Fragilariopsis separanda Fragilariopsis weaveri Hemidiscus cuneiformis Hemidiscus karstenii Nitzschia aff. januaria Proboscia barboi Rhizosolenia bergonii Rhizosolenia antennata fo. semispina Rhizosolenia hebetata fo. semispina Rhizosolenia styliformis Roperia tesselata Rouxia antarctica Stellarima stellaris Stephanopyxis turris Thalassionema nitzschioides Thalassionema nitzschioides fo. 1 Thalassionema nitzschioides var. parva Thalassiosira convexa Thalassiosira convexa var. aspinosa Thalassiosira eccentrica Thalassiosira fasciculata Thalassiosira gracilis Thalassiosira inura Thalassiosira kolbei Thalassiosira lentiginosa Thalassiosira leptopus Thalassiosira aff. lineata Thalassiosira miocenica Thalassiosira oestrupii Thalassiosira oliverana Thalassiosira tetraoestrupii var. reimeri Thalassiosira trifulta Thallassiothrix antarctica-longissima group Benthic diatoms, marine Benthic diatoms, freshwater DIATOM ZONES DIATOM AGES (Ma) 177 1090 A 1 H CC 10 15 6.97 6.97 F M B X B X B F X C R R R F T. lentiginosa Subz. c 0-0.18 177 1090 B 1 H CC 20 25 4.2 4.2 F M T B B X B F C R T T T R R F T. lentiginosa Subz. c 0-0.18 177 1090 B 2 H CC 0 10 13.8 13.8 R M R B B X B F F C R F T. lentiginosa Subz. b 0.18-0.42 177 1090 B 3 H 1 50 50 14.2 14.2 F M T B B X B R R A R F R 177 1090 B 3 H 1 70 70 14.4 16.15 F M T B B X B R X R A R R R T. lentiginosa Subz. a 0.42-0.65 177 1090 B 3 H 1 100 100 14.7 16.45 F M-P T B B X B F R C F R F F T 177 1090 B 3 H 1 140 140 15.1 16.85 F M-P T B B X B F R R A R 177 1090 B 3 H 6 50 50 21.7 23.45 F M-P T B B X B R R F C R R A. ingens Subz. c 0.65-1.07 177 1090 B 3 H 6 70 70 21.9 23.65 A G T B B X B R R X A T C 177 1090 B 3 H 6 92 92 22.12 23.87 A G T B B X B R R X R A C 177 1090 B 3 H CC 13 18 22.28 24.03 A G-M T B B X B R R X F C F R R F 177 1090 B 4 H 4 40 40 28.1 30.61 C-F M T B B X F R R F C R R R R R 177 1090 B 4 H 5 10 10 29.3 31.81 F M T B B X B R X F C R R R R 177 1090 B 4 H CC 12 17 32.51 35.02 F M B B B X B R X T T C R R R F 177 1090 B 5 H 6 130 130 41.5 44.81 C M B B B B B R C R F F R F A. ingens Subz. a 1.3-1.8 177 1090 B 5 H CC 14 19 41.4 45.01 C M T B B X B R X T R F R R F R R F P. barboi 1.8 - 2 177 1090 B 6 H 1 30 30 42.5 44.1 F-R M B B B B B T T F R C 177 1090 B 6 H CC 9 14 51.84 53.44 F M T B B X B R X F R R T R F R F T. kolbei/F. matuyamae 2.0 - 2.5 177 1090 B 7 H CC 12 17 59.29 65.59 C-F G T B B X B R R F R R R R R F R R R R F F F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 177 1090 B 8 H 2 30 30 63.3 66.71 C M T B B X B R T R F T R F R R F 177 1090 B 8 H 2 120 120 63.9 67.61 A G R B B B B R F R R F C C F pre F. interfrigidaria early Plioc. >3.8 177 1090 B 8 H 3 90 90 65.1 68.81 C M T B B X B R R F F R F F 177 1090 B 8 H 3 120 120 65.4 69.11 F M T B B X B F R R R R R F no zonation miced ages 177 1090 B 8 H 4 30 30 66 69.71 F M T B B X B R R T R F F R F no zonation miced ages 177 1090 B 8 H 4 60 60 66.3 70.01 F M B B B X B R T F R F F R no zonation miced ages 177 1090 B 8 H 4 90 90 66.6 70.31 T M B B B X B T no zonation Early Miocene 177 1090 B 8 H CC 18 23 69.63 73.34 R P B B B X B T T X T T no zonation Neog./Paleog. 177 1090 B 9 H CC 13 18 79.99 83.68 T P B B B B B T no zonation Early Miocene 177 1090 C 1 H CC 14 19 2.8 3.16 F M T B B X B F C F R F T. lentiginosa Subz. c 0-0.18 177 1090 C 2 H CC 11 16 10.06 15.63 F M T B B X B F C T F R R T F T. lentiginosa Subz. a 0.42-0.65 177 1090 C 3 H CC 9 19 21.01 27.26 A M B B B X B R R X R T C T F R C A. ingens Subz. c 0.65-1.07 177 1090 C 4 H CC 8 13 30.28 36.59 F M B X B X B T R X F T F T C 177 1090 C 5 H CC 9 14 40.19 48.24 C M B B B X B F F R F F R R R R R F T. kolbei/F. matuyamae 2-2.5 177 1090 C 6 H CC 17 22 50.41 58.23 F M T X B X B R R R X T R F R R T R T R R F lower T. insigna 2.8-3.3 177 1090 C 7 H CC 8 13 58.8 66.62 C M R X B B B R R R X T F T F F T T F R R T F T F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 177 1090 C 8 H CC 0 5 68.8 76.61 T 177 1090 D 1 H CC 12 17 7.37 7.71 F M T B B X B F R C T T R R F T. lentiginosa Subz. b 0.18-0.42 177 1090 D 2 H CC 9 14 15.46 17.61 C M T X B X B F X R C R F F T. lentiginosa Subz. a 0.42-0.65 177 1090 D 3 H CC 8 13 24.94 28.01 C M T B B X B C R R X R T F R T R R T F A. ingens Subz. c 0.65-1.07 177 1090 D 4 H CC 9 14 34.79 37.78 R P B B B X B R T X R R R T F 177 1090 D 5 H CC 7 12 44.95 49.16 C M T B B X B C X R R F R R T R R R T F T. kolbei/F. matuyamae 2-2.5 177 1090 D 6 H CC 7 12 54.23 59.69 A G R B B X B F R C A R R T T F lower T. insigna 2.8-3.3 177 1090 D 7 H CC 17 22 62.9 68.98 F M-P T B B X B R F F R R F R R F F F F R T R F pre F. interfrigidaria early Plioc. >3.8 177 1090 E 1 H 1 110 110 1.1 4.48 T-R P-M B B B X B T R R C T R R R F T. lentiginosa Subz. c 0-0.18 177 1090 E 1 H 3 110 110 4.1 7.48 F M B B B X B T R F T F R F F R T C T. lentiginosa Subz. b 0.18-0.42 177 1090 E 1 H 6 100 100 8.5 11.88 R M T B B X B C C R F R T F 177 1090 E 1 H CC 8 13 8.65 12.03 R P-M R B B X B R R C R R T F 177 1090 E 2 H 2 70 70 10.9 14.49 C M B B B X B R F R C R R F R T F T. lentiginosa Subz. a 0.42-0.65 177 1090 E 2 H 4 70 70 13.9 17.49 C M T B B X B R C R C T T F F F T. lentiginosa Subz. a 0.42-0.65 177 1090 E 2 H 5 70 70 15.4 18.99 A-C M T B B X B R T R T R A T T F F A. ingens Subz. c 0.65-1.1 177 1090 E 2 H CC 8 13 15.75 19.34 C M B B B X B C T T F T F 177 1090 E 3 H 2 70 70 20.4 27.11 C M T B B X B T F C C T R R C 177 1090 E 3 H 4 70 70 23.4 30.11 C M B B B B B R F X T R C R T T R F 177 1090 E 3 H CC 10 15 24.56 31.27 C-F M T B B X B T R F R C R F R F 177 1090 E 4 H 2 70 70 29.9 36.05 A M B B X B B R F T C R R C 177 1090 E 4 H 4 70 70 32.9 39.05 C M B B B X B R R T X F T R R R C 177 1090 E 4 H 5 70 70 34.4 40.55 F M B X B B B F R X T C T R R R T F 177 1090 E 4 H CC 15 20 35.35 41.5 C M T B X X X R X R F R R T R R F R C 177 1090 E 5 H 1 70 70 37.9 46.19 F M B B B B T R T R T R R C P. barboi 1.8-2 177 1090 E 5 H 2 70 70 39.4 47.69 F M B B B B B R R X R F T T T F R R F 102568 177 1090 E 5 H 3 70 70 40.6 48.89 F M B B B B B T F X C R C F F T T R R F T. kolbei/F. matuyamae 2-2.5 102569 177 1090 E 5 H 4 70 70 42.1 50.39 C M R B X B B T X R C C T R F 102570 177 1090 E 5 H 6 30 30 45.1 52.99 F M B B B B B R X F C F C T F F F 102571 177 1090 E 5 H CC 13 18 44.85 53.14 F P T B B X B T R X F R R T F R R T T F 102572 177 1090 E 6 H 2 70 70 48.9 57.32 F M B B B B B R R F T C F T T R C lower T. insigna 2.8-3.3 102573 177 1090 E 6 H 4 70 70 51.9 60.32 F M B B B X B T F R R R R R F F R R T C F R R F 102574 177 1090 E 6 H 5 70 70 53.4 61.82 F M-P B B B B B R R F F F 177 1090 E 6 H 6 20 20 54.9 62.82 C M T B B X B F R R F C C R F R F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 177 1090 E 6 H CC 10 15 54.54 62.96 A M T X B X B T R R X R F R T C F R R T R F T R F C F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 102575 177 1090 E 7 H 2 70 70 58.4 67.29 C G R B B B B R F F X R T R R C R R F F F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 177 1090 E 7 H 3 70 70 59.9 68.79 F M B B B X B X F R R F No zonation mixed ages 177 1090 E 7 H CC 17 22 65.19 74.08 T M B B B B B T 177 1090 E 8 H CC 9 14 75.31 83.86 R-T P T B B B B F C T T T