Table T5. Summary of biostratigraphic age assignments for Site 1092. Notes: CN = calcareous nannofossil . MIS = marine isotope stage. Leg Site Hole Core Type Section Interval Depth Depth Calcareous nannofossil zone Calcareous nannofossil age Diatom zone Diatom age Diatom Comment Radiolaria zone Radiolaria age Planktic foraminifer age Benthic foraminifer zone Comment (cm) (mbsf) (mcd) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) 177 1092 A 1 H 1 30 30 0.3 2.85 T. lentiginosa 0-0.65 177 1092 A 1 H 2 1 1 1.51 4.06 T. lentiginosa 0-0.65 A. ingens rare to trace abundance 177 1092 A 1 H 3 1 1 3.01 5.56 middle/upper A. ingens 0.65-1.3 177 1092 A 1 H 4 1 1 4.51 7.06 <0.88 177 1092 A 1 H CC 7 12 8 10.55 NN 19 >0.46 middle/upper A. ingens 0.65-1.3 Chi 0.83-1.92 177 1092 A 2 H 1 1 1 8.01 11.63 >1.08 177 1092 A 2 H 2 1 1 9.51 13.13 <1.24 177 1092 A 2 H 3 1 1 11.01 14.63 >1.24 middle/upper A. ingens 0.65-1.3 177 1092 A 2 H 5 1 1 14.01 17.63 >0.88 middle/upper A. ingens 0.65-1.3 177 1092 A 2 H CC 9 14 16.11 19.73 1.24-1.46 middle/upper A. ingens 0.65-1.3 A. ingens acme ? ? 177 1092 A 3 H 1 1 1 17.51 22.24 <1.46 177 1092 A 3 H 2 1 1 19.01 23.74 >1.46 lower A. ingens 1.3-1.8 Thalassiothrix ooze 177 1092 A 3 H 5 1 1 23.51 28.24 lower A. ingens 1.3-1.8 A. ingens ooze 177 1092 A 3 H CC 9 14 26.24 30.97 NN 19 1.46-1.69 lower A. ingens 1.3-1.8 A. ingens acme 177 1092 A 4 H 1 1 1 27.01 31.88 >1.69 lower A. ingens 1.3-1.8 177 1092 A 4 H 3 1 1 30.01 34.88 lower A. ingens 1.3-1.8 177 1092 A 4 H 4 1 1 31.51 36.38 P. barboi 1.8-2.0 177 1092 A 4 H 5 1 1 33.01 37.88 P. barboi 1.8-2.0 177 1092 A 4 H 6 1 1 34.51 39.38 T. kolbei/F. matuyamae 2.0-2.5 177 1092 A 4 H 7 1 1 35.96 40.83 T. kolbei/F. matuyamae 2.0-2.5 177 1092 A 4 H CC 9 14 36.69 41.56 late Pliocene >1.69 T. kolbei/F. matuyamae 2.0-2.5 CN: no zone markers 177 1092 A 5 H 1 1 1 36.51 42.38 T. kolbei/F. matuyamae 2.0-2.5 177 1092 A 5 H 4 1 1 41.01 46.88 T. kolbei/F. matuyamae 2.0-2.5 177 1092 A 5 H 5 1 1 42.51 48.38 T. kolbei/F. matuyamae 2.0-2.5 177 1092 A 5 H 6 1 1 44.01 49.88 T. vulnifica 2.5-2.6 177 1092 A 5 H CC 10 15 45.65 51.52 late Pliocene <3.66 T. insigna 2.6-3.3 Upsilon 2.61-3.5 CN: no zone markers 177 1092 A 6 H 1 1 1 46.01 53.9 T. insigna 2.6-3.3 177 1092 A 6 H 2 1 1 47.51 55.4 F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 177 1092 A 6 H 3 1 1 49.01 56.9 F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 177 1092 A 6 H 5 1 1 52.01 59.9 F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 177 1092 A 6 H 6 1 1 53.51 61.4 F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 177 1092 A 6 H CC 1 10 54.84 62.73 late Pliocene <3.66 F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 Upsilon 3.5-4.57 CN: no zone markers 177 1092 A 7 H 1 1 1 55.51 64.2 F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 177 1092 A 7 H 1 120 122 56.7 65.39 T. inura 4.4-4.9 177 1092 A 7 H 3 1 1 58.51 67.2 T. inura 4.4-4.9 177 1092 A 7 H 4 1 1 60.01 68.7 ? ? No T. oestrupii found 177 1092 A 7 H 5 1 1 61.51 70.2 ? ? No T. oestrupii found 177 1092 A 7 H 6 1 1 63.01 71.7 F. reinholdii 5.6-6.4 177 1092 A 7 H 7 1 1 64.31 73 F. reinholdii 5.6-6.4 177 1092 A 7 H CC 15 20 64.82 73.51 early Pliocene >3.66 F. reinholdii 5.6-6.4 A. challengerae 6.1-6.58 CN: no zone markers 177 1092 A 8 H 1 120 122 66.2 75.65 F. reinholdii 5.6-6.4 177 1092 A 8 H 4 71 73 70.21 79.66 F. reinholdii 5.6-6.4 177 1092 A 8 H CC 11 16 73.68 83.13 late Miocene ? F. reinholdii 5.6-6.4 ? late Miocene CN: no zone markers 177 1092 A 9 H 2 71 73 76.71 86.04 F. reinholdii 5.6-6.4 177 1092 A 9 H 3 1 1 77.46 86.79 A. ingens var. ovalis 6.4-8.7 177 1092 A 9 H CC 10 15 83.92 93.25 late Miocene ? ? "Trace diatoms, no markers" ? late Miocene CN: no zone markers 177 1092 A 10 H 1 73 75 84.73 95.27 ? 8.7-9.0 177 1092 A 10 H 5 73 75 90.73 101.27 ? 8.7-9.0 177 1092 A 10 H CC 15 20 93.45 103.99 late Miocene ? Late Miocene A. australis 9.12-10.36 CN: no zone markers 177 1092 A 11 H 2 89 91 95.89 108.38 ? 8.7-9.0 177 1092 A 11 H 5 71 73 100.21 112.7 A. kennettii 9.0-10.2 177 1092 A 11 H CC 0 10 102.77 115.26 late Miocene ? ? "Trace diatoms, no markers" CN: no zone markers 177 1092 A 12 H 1 73 75 103.73 116.14 A. kennettii 9.0-10.2 177 1092 A 12 H 5 71 73 109.66 122.07 A. kennettii 9.0-10.2 177 1092 A 12 H CC 28 33 113.03 125.44 late Miocene ? "Trace diatoms, no markers" ? middle-late Miocene CN: no zone markers 177 1092 A 13 H 2 69 71 114.69 128.91 A. kennettii 9.0-10.2 177 1092 A 13 H 6 71 73 120.71 134.93 A. kennettii 9.0-10.2 177 1092 A 13 H CC 10 15 121.55 135.77 late Miocene ? "Rare diatoms, no markers" CN: no zone markers 177 1092 A 14 H 1 118 120 123.18 139.3 D. hustedtii 10.2-10.6 177 1092 A 14 H 5 120 122 129.2 145.32 D. hustedtii 10.2-10.6 177 1092 A 14 H CC 10 15 131.11 147.23 late Miocene <12.3 Late Miocene ? middle-late Miocene CN: no zone markers 177 1092 A 15 H 5 120 122 138.7 156.94 late D. dimorpha 10.6-10.9 177 1092 A 15 H CC 14 19 141.04 159.28 late Miocene >12.3? Late Miocene Trace diatoms CN: no zone markers 177 1092 A 16 H 5 120 123 148.2 167.38 late D. dimorpha 10.6-10.9 177 1092 A 16 H CC 14 19 149.91 169.09 late Miocene ? Late Miocene Trace diatoms C. spongothorax - A. glownini 10.36-13.61 R. senni (P22-N10) and Bolboforma compressispinosa = middle Miocene. CN: no zone markers. HIATUS ? 177 1092 A 17 H 3 116 119 154.09 172.31 D. dimorpha 10.6-11.7 177 1092 A 17 H 5 116 119 157.09 175.31 No diatoms 177 1092 A 17 H CC 32 37 158.51 176.73 middle Miocene ? ">12.7, >13.2" No diatoms HIATUS ? 177 1092 A 18 H 1 120 123 161.2 181.05 N. dentic.+D. hust./N. grossep. 12.8-14.2 177 1092 A 18 H 5 120 123 167.2 187.05 A. inges var. nodus 14.2-14.4 177 1092 A 18 H CC 0 7 168.5 188.35 middle Miocene >13.2 ? "Trace diatoms, no markers" ? <19.11 CN: no zone markers 177 1092 A 19 H 1 65 68 170.15 192.49 A. ingens/D. maccollumii 15.4-16.2 177 1092 A 19 H 2 65 68 171.65 193.99 D. maccollumii 16.2-16.8 177 1092 A 19 H 3 1 1 172.51 194.85 middle Miocene <17.4 No diatoms 177 1092 A 19 H 4 1 1 174.01 196.35 early Miocene >17.4 177 1092 A 19 H 5 65 68 176.15 198.49 unzoned Early/middle Miocene Trace diatoms 177 1092 A 19 H CC 72 77 178.63 200.97 early Miocene 17.4-23.9 No diatoms CN: no zone markers 177 1092 A 20 H 1 66 69 179.66 202 T. fraga 17.7-20.8 Coocurrence T. fraga/N. maleinterp. 177 1092 A 20 H 6 66 69 187.16 209.5 T. fraga 17.7-20.8 177 1092 A 20 H CC 13 18 188.35 210.69 early Miocene 17.4-23.9 ? "Trace diatoms, no markers" ? <19.11 >17.3 Ma CN: no zone markers 177 1092 B 1 H 1 10 10 0.1 0.65 NN 21b 0-0.085 T. lentiginosa 0-0.65 177 1092 B 1 H 1 60 60 0.6 1.15 T. lentiginosa 0-0.65 177 1092 B 1 H 1 117 117 1.17 1.72 NN 21a 0.085-0.26 177 1092 B 1 H 2 10 10 1.6 2.15 NN 20 0.26-0.46 177 1092 B 1 H 2 22 22 1.72 2.27 T. lentiginosa 0-0.65 177 1092 B 1 H 2 28 28 1.78 2.33 T. lentiginosa 0-0.65 MIS 11? 177 1092 B 1 H 2 70 70 2.2 2.75 NN 19 0.26-0.46 177 1092 B 1 H 2 126 126 2.76 3.31 NN 19 0.46-0.88 177 1092 B 1 H 3 10 10 3.1 3.65 T. lentiginosa 0-0.65 A. ingens rare to trace abundance 177 1092 B 1 H 4 75 75 5.25 5.8 middle/upper A. ingens 0.65-1.3 177 1092 B 1 H 5 100 100 7 7.55 NN 19 0.46-0.88 177 1092 B 1 H CC 0 7 7.35 7.9 NN 19 >0.46 middle/upper A. ingens 0.65-1.3 Chi 0.83-1.92 177 1092 B 2 H 1 44 44 7.84 8.69 NN 19 0.88-0.96 177 1092 B 2 H 2 115 115 10.05 10.9 NN 19 0.96-1.08 177 1092 B 2 H 3 80 80 11.2 12.05 NN 19 0.96-1.08 177 1092 B 2 H 4 80 80 12.7 13.55 NN 19 1.08-1.24 177 1092 B 2 H 5 40 40 13.8 14.65 NN 19 1.08-1.24 177 1092 B 2 H 6 30 30 15.2 16.05 NN 19 1.24-1.46 177 1092 B 2 H CC 6 11 16.66 17.51 NN 19 1.24-1.46 middle/upper A. ingens 0.65-1.3 177 1092 B 3 H 5 40 40 23.3 24.54 NN 19 1.24-1.46 177 1092 B 3 H 5 140 140 24.3 25.54 NN 19 1.46-1.69 177 1092 B 3 H CC 7 14 24.44 25.68 NN 19 1.46-1.69 lower A. ingens 1.3-1.8 Chi 0.83-1.92 177 1092 B 4 H 3 140 140 30.8 32.01 NN 19 1.46-1.69 177 1092 B 4 H 4 140 140 32.3 33.51 NN 19 >1.69 177 1092 B 4 H CC 5 10 35.82 37.03 >1.69 P. barboi 1.8-2.0 Chi 0.83-1.92 177 1092 B 5 H CC 0 10 44.9 47.07 <3.66 T. kolbei/F. matuyamae 2.0-2.5 Upsilon 2.61-3.5 177 1092 B 6 H CC 11 16 52.36 56.15 <3.66 F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 177 1092 B 7 H CC 0 10 55.56 58.21 NN 14-NN 15 >3.66 F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 177 1092 B 8 H CC 9 14 74.16 80.11 late Miocene ? ? No diatom markers 177 1092 B 9 H CC 17 22 82.53 88.51 late Miocene ? ? "Trace diatoms, no markers" ? 177 1092 B 10 H CC 11 16 92.09 99.09 late Miocene ? ? H. karstenii = C 177 1092 B 11 H CC 17 22 102.44 110.93 late Miocene ? Late Miocene? "Rare diatoms, no markers" 177 1092 B 12 H CC 8 13 111.38 121.31 late Miocene ? ? "Rare diatoms, no markers" 177 1092 B 13 H CC 10 15 116.15 126.97 late Miocene ? ? "Trace diatoms, no markers" A. australis 9.12-10.36 177 1092 B 14 H CC 18 23 131.38 144.3 late Miocene ? ? "Rare diatoms, no markers" 177 1092 B 15 H CC 20 25 138.37 154.09 late Miocene ? ? "Rare diatoms, no markers" 177 1092 B 16 H CC 20 25 149.09 164.41 late Miocene ? ? "Rare diatoms, no markers" 177 1092 B 17 H CC 23 28 157.92 174.78 middle Miocene >10.94 ? "Trace diatoms, no markers" C. spongothorax - A. glownini 10.36-13.61 177 1092 B 18 H CC 25 30 168.67 184.58 middle Miocene >13.2 ? "Trace diatoms, no markers" ? early-middle Miocene 177 1092 C 1 H CC 7 12 3.99 3.99 NN 19 >0.46 T. lentiginosa 0-0.65 A. ingens rare to trace abundance Psi 0.46-0.83 177 1092 C 2 H CC 10 15 11.77 14.45 NN 19 0.96-1.24 middle/upper A. ingens 0.65-1.3 Chi 0.83-1.92 177 1092 C 3 H CC 11 16 23.07 24.67 NN 19 >1.24 lower A. ingens 1.3-1.8 Chi 0.83-1.92 177 1092 C 4 H CC 0 5 32.07 35.3 <3.36 lower A. ingens 1.3-1.8 177 1092 C 5 H CC 11 16 40.88 44.93 T. kolbei/F. matuyamae 2.0-2.5 CN: dissolution 177 1092 C 6 H CC 0 10 42 52 late Pliocene? <4.0 T. insigna 2.6-3.3 Upsilon 2.61-3.5 177 1092 C 7 H CC 8 15 57.55 63.05 F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 177 1092 C 8 H CC 13 20 69.14 75.45 NN 14-NN 15 >3.36 F. reinholdii 5.6-6.4 177 1092 C 9 H CC 18 25 80.02 86.97 late Miocene ? ? "Trace diatoms, no markers" 177 1092 C 10 H CC 14 19 89.74 97.42 late Miocene ? ? "Trace diatoms, no markers" ? late Miocene 177 1092 C 11 H CC 51 56 98.28 106.64 late Miocene ? ? "Rare diatoms, no markers" 177 1092 C 12 H CC 20 25 108.51 118.86 late Miocene ? ? "Rare diatoms, no markers" 177 1092 C 13 H CC 9 16 118.23 129.66 late Miocene ? ? "Rare diatoms, no markers" 177 1092 C 14 H CC 15 20 127.92 142.74 late Miocene ? ? "Trace diatoms, no markers" A. australis 9.12-10.36 177 1092 C 15 H CC 16 23 137.43 152.63 late Miocene ? ? "Trace diatoms, no markers" 177 1092 C 16 H CC 20 26 146.88 165.58 late Miocene ? ? "Trace diatoms, no markers" 177 1092 C 17 H CC 21 26 156.28 176.16 middle Miocene >10.94 ? "Trace diatoms, no markers" 177 1092 C 18 H CC 23 30 165.95 185.74 middle Miocene >13.2 ? No diatoms ? early-middle Miocene 177 1092 D 1 H 2 70 70 38.6 40.67 T. kolbei/F. matuyamae 2.0-2.5 177 1092 D 1 H 4 90 90 41.8 43.87 T. kolbei/F. matuyamae 2.0-2.5 177 1092 D 1 H 6 70 70 44.6 46.67 T. kolbei/F. matuyamae 2.0-2.5 177 1092 D 2 H 2 30 30 47.7 50.45 T. insigna 2.6-3.3 177 1092 D 2 H 2 80 80 48.2 50.95 T. insigna 2.6-3.3 177 1092 D 2 H 3 10 10 49 51.75 T. insigna 2.6-3.3 177 1092 D 2 H 4 10 10 50.5 53.25 T. insigna 2.6-3.3 177 1092 D 2 H 5 10 10 51.8 54.55 F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 177 1092 D 2 H CC 3 13 54.78 57.53 Upsilon 2.61-3.5 177 1092 D 3 H 1 50 50 55.9 60.21 F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 177 1092 D 3 H 3 10 10 58.5 62.81 F. interfrigidaria 3.3-3.8 177 1092 D 3 H 4 10 10 60 64.31 T. inura 4.4-4.9 177 1092 D 3 H 5 10 10 61.5 65.81 unzoned 177 1092 D 3 H 6 10 10 63 67.31 unzoned 177 1092 D 3 H 6 120 120 64.1 68.41 unzoned warm assembl. 177 1092 D 3 H 7 10 10 64.5 68.81 ? No T. oestrupii found 177 1092 D 3 H CC 7 14 64.96 69.27 ? contaminated ?