SUBJECT INDEX

A

absolute age, correlation, A5:44-45; A6:38
acetate
pore water, B3:1-12
vs. depth, B3:10-11
Actiniscus
distribution, A3:55-56; A5:83-88; A6:67-72; A7:60-71; A8:88-92; A9:63-64
occurrence, A4:71-79
advection, surface water, B(synthesis):11
age
biostratigraphy, A3:46-47; A4:80-82; A6:60-62; A7:48-55; A8:78-81; A9:58-59
vs. oxygen isotopes, A4:25
age models
oxygen isotope stratigraphy, B12:3-4, 16
sedimentation rates, B6:2-3; B12:4
age vs. depth
Atlantic Ocean S, A1:44
biostratigraphic datums, A3:29
Eocene-Pleistocene, A1:44
Pliocene-Pleistocene, A1:46
sedimentation rates, A3:11; A4:15
Site 1089, A4:44
Site 1090, A5:49
Site 1091, A6:41
Site 1092, A7:31
Site 1093, A8:46
Site 1094, A9:38
aggultinated/calcareous ratio, vs. carbonate content, A5:46
Agulhas Basin
tectonic maps, A1:40
tectonics, A1:5-6
Agulhas Current, circulation, B(synthesis):16
Agulhas Fracture Zone, tectonics, A1:5-6
Agulhas Plateau, tectonics, A1:5-6
Agulhas Ridge
paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):7
tectonics, A1:5-6, 20
albedo, gas exchange, B(synthesis):12
alkalinity
pore water, A3:12; A4:16; A6:14-15; A8:16; A9:13
vs. depth, A3:33; A4:48; A5:51; A6:43; A7:34; A8:50; A9:41
alkenones, desaturation, B(synthesis):11
aluminum
vs. depth, B1:6
See also iron/aluminum ratio; phosphorus/aluminum ratio
aluminum/titanium ratio, vs. depth, B1:7
ammonium
pore water, A3:12; A4:16; A6:14-15; A7:15; A8:17; A9:13
vs. depth, A3:33; A4:48; A5:51; A6:43; A7:34; A8:50; A9:41
vs. sulfate, A3:34
Antarctic Bottom Water
hydrography, A1:6-7
Weddell Sea, A1:3
Antarctic Circumpolar Current
climate change, B(synthesis):10-11
climate events, B(synthesis):39
evolution, A1:8, 29
hydrography, A1:6-7
Neogene, B(synthesis):19-23
paleoceanography, B(synthesis):6-7
sediments, A1:1-3
Antarctic Cold Reversal-I, oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):45
Antarctic Cold Reversal-II, oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):45
Antarctic ice sheet, climate events, B(synthesis):39
Antarctic Zone, surface water, B(synthesis):11
Antarctica
biogeography, A1:3
cryosphere, A1:7-8
See also circum-Antarctic opal belt
Atlantic Ocean S
Holocene carbon isotopes, B(synthesis):49
tectonics, A1:41
Atlantic Ocean SW, tectonics, A1:6
atmosphere, carbon dioxide, B(synthesis):12
authigenesis, lithologic units, A5:7

B

bacteria
abundance, B3:1-12
regression model, B3:12
vs. depth, B3:10-11
barium, vs. age, B(synthesis):40
basalt, lithologic units, A8:7-8
bathymetry, profiles, A3:17; A9:21
biogenic bloom, Miocene/Pliocene boundary, B(synthesis):8
biogenic component, lithologic units, A1:20-22
biogenic export, Eocene-Oligocene transition, B(synthesis):5-6
biosiliceous composition, productivity, A6:12
biosphere, bacteria, B3:5-6
biostratigraphic datums
Neogene, A1:22-23
sedimentation rates, A3:11; A7:13-14
biostratigraphy
age, A3:46-47; A4:80-82; A6:60-62; A7:48-55; A8:78-81; A9:58-59
age assignments, A5:70-75
Cenozoic, A1:11
correlation, A3:30; A4:43; A6:38; A7:30; A8:45; A9:37
diatom preservation and abundance vs. depth, A4:45
diatoms, B10:1-14
Eocene-Oligocene, B8:1-9
Miocene diatoms, B10:1-14
Miocene-Pleistocene, B(synthesis): 3
Miocene-Pliocene, B7:1-14
Neogene, A1:13
Pliocene-Pleistocene diatoms, B11:1-10
Site 1088, A3:6-10
Site 1089, A4:9-14
Site 1090, A5:8-17
Site 1091, A6:7-11
Site 1092, A7:6-12
Site 1093, A8:10-14
Site 1094, A9:8-11
summary, A1:22-23
vs. depth, A5:44-45
bioturbation
lithologic units, A4:6-7; A6:5-6
photograph, A3:24; A4:30
biozoning, high-latitude siliceous and calcareous fossils, A1:10
Bolboforma, biostratigraphy, A7:8-9
bottom water, production and mixing, A1:9
Bouvet Island, tectonics, A1:5-6
Bransfield Strait, sedimentation, A8:9
brightness, sediments, A1:24-25
Brunhes Chron
carbonate dissolution, B(synthesis):17
cyclic sedimentation, B(synthesis):13
magnetic polarity, A9:11
paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):22
sediments, A1:12; A4:14; A8:15
stratigraphy, A9:12
See also Mid-Brunhes Event
Brunhes/Matuyama boundary
benthic foraminifers, B14:8
diatoms, A4:12-13; A8:12
magnetic polarity, A6:11-12; A8:14-15; A9:11
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):44
sediments, A1:13, 15-16; A4:14
burrows
lithologic units, A4:6-7; A9:7
occurrence, A9:52
photograph, A4:29, 31; A5:35-36; A9:32
burrows, pyritized, lithologic units, A3:4-5

C

cadmium, deep water, B(synthesis):14-15
cadmium/calcium ratio, deep water, B(synthesis):15
calcium
comparison of profiles, A5:52
pore water, A1:13; A3:12; A4:17; A5:20-21; A6:14; A7:15; A8:16; A9:13
vs. depth, A3:33; A4:48; A5:51; A6:43; A7:34; A8:50; A9:41; B1:44
vs. magnesium, A5:53
vs. strontium, A5:53
See also cadmium/calcium ratio; magnesium/calcium ratio; strontium/calcium ratio
calcium carbonate, sediments, A3:13
caliper logs, vs. depth, A8:63-64
carbon dioxide
atmosphere, B(synthesis):12
deep water, B(synthesis):14-16
ice core correlation with marine sediments, B(synthesis):18-19
marine isotopic stages, A1:27-28
paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):22
productivity, A1:8
sea ice extent, B(synthesis):12-13
carbon, inorganic, sediments, A3:13, 61-63; A4:17-18, 90-93; A5:22, 96-97; A6:15, 79-80; A7:79; A8:17, 99-100; A9:14, 70
carbon, organic, power spectra, B(synthesis):51
carbon, total, sediments, A4:90-93; A5:22, 96-97; A6:15, 79-80; A7:15, 79; A8:17, 99-100; A9:14, 70
carbon, total organic
sediments, A1:12; A4:18, 90-93; A5:22, 54, 96-97; A6:14-15, 79-80; A7:15, 79; A8:17-18, 99-100; A9:14, 70
vs. depth, A4:49; A6:44; A7:35; A8:51; A9:42
vs. total nitrogen, A6:45; A8:52
carbon, total organic/total nitrogen ratio
sediments, A4:18, 90-93; A5:22, 96-97; A6:15, 79-80; A7:15, 79; A8:17-18, 99-100; A9:14, 70
vs. depth, A4:49; A5:54; A6:44; A7:35; A8:51; A9:42
carbon isotope maximum, at Oligocene/Miocene boundary
carbon isotopes vs. age, B(synthesis):36
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):7
carbon isotopes
Cibicidoides, B9:20-21
deep water, B(synthesis):14-16
foraminifers, B9:23
Globigerina bulloides, B9:21
ice core correlation with marine sediments, B(synthesis):17-19
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral), B9:25-26
paleoceanography, B(synthesis):21-22
paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):8
vertical distribution in world oceans, B(synthesis):33
vs. age, B(synthesis):36, 41-42
vs. age and depth, B(synthesis):48
vs. depth in Holocene, B(synthesis):49
vs. oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):36
vs. Vostok carbon dioxide, B(synthesis):50
water masses, B(synthesis):9
carbonate compensation depth
lithologic units, A1:20
sediments, A1:12
carbonate content
lithologic units, A3:4-5, 61-63; B6:24; A6:79-80; A7:4-5, 79; A8:7-8; A9:7
"Pacific-type" carbonate stratigraphy, B(synthesis):52
pore water, A6:13
power spectra, B(synthesis):51
sediments, A1:12; A4:17-18; A5:22, 96-97; A7:15; A9:14, 70; B6:4; B13:1-10
vs. age, B(synthesis):53; B9:14
vs. aggultinated/calcareous ratio, A5:46
vs. blue reflectance, A5:59
vs. bulk density, B6:11
vs. depth, A3:22, 25, 35, 38; A4:49; A5:33-54; A6:44; A7:35; A8:51; A9:42
vs. dry density, B6:12-13
vs. number of species, A5:46
vs. number of specimens, A5:46
vs. red reflectance, A5:59
See also calcium carbonate
carbonate content, bulk, vs. depth, A4:27; A5:34; A6:23; A7:25; A8:29; A9:27
carbonate dissolution index, vs. age, B(synthesis):53
carbonate stratigraphy, diffuse spectral reflectance, B6:1-24
carbonates
bacteria, B3:5-6
dissolution, A8:16; B(synthesis):10, 16-17
lithologic units, A1:20-22
preservation, A4:9-11
sedimentation, B(synthesis):8
See also "Pacific-type" carbonate stratigraphy
Ceara Rise, carbon isotope maximum at Oligocene/Miocene boundary, B(synthesis):36
Cenozoic
biostratigraphy, A1:11
paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):39
sediments, A1:1-67
chalk, lithologic units, A5:6-7
chert
diagenesis, A1:10
formation, A5:22
lithologic units, A5:7
sediments, A1:14
chert, green, lithologic units, A5:6
chloride
comparison of profiles, A5:52
pore water, A3:12; A5:20; A6:13-14; A7:14-15; A8:16; A9:13
vs. depth, A1:48; A3:33; A4:48; A5:51; A6:43; A7:34; A8:50; A9:41
chlorinity, pore water, A4:16
chlorite. See illite/(kaolinite+chlorite) ratio; kaolinite/chlorite ratio
Chondrites, photograph, A5:36
chron boundaries, magnetic polarity, A4:86
Chron C2An.3n, magnetic polarity, A6:13
Chron C2n, diatoms, A4:13
Chron C2r, diatoms, A4:13
Chron C3A, diatoms, A7:10
Chron C4, diatoms, A7:10-11
Chron C4A, diatoms, A7:11
Chron C4n.2n, diatoms, A7:10
Chron C5, diatoms, A7:11
Chron C6Cn.2r, oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):7
Chron C11n-C11r interval, stratigraphy, B(synthesis):4
Chron C13n, stratigraphy, B(synthesis):4
Chron C13r, stratigraphy, B(synthesis):4
chronostratigraphy
Site 1088, A3:5-11
Site 1089, A4:8-15
Site 1090, A5:8-19
Site 1091, A6:6-13
Site 1092, A7:5-14
Site 1093, A8:9-15
Site 1094, A9:7-12
Chrons. See also cryptochrons
Cibicidoides
carbon and oxygen isotopes, B9:20-21
Pleistocene, B14:21-23
circum-Antarctic opal belt
global marine distribution, A1:9, 20
lithologic units, A8:9
Circumpolar Deep Water
hydrography, A1:6-7
salinity vs. temperature, A1:42
thermohaline circulation, B(synthesis):14-16
upwelling, B(synthesis):11
clasts, mud, photograph, A4:37
clasts, rip-up
photograph, A4:37
vs. depth, A4:33
clasts, volcanic, lithologic units, A8:7-8
clay
lithologic units, A5:5-7
mineralogy, B13:1-10
sediments, A1:20-22; B13:1-10
vs. biogenic silica, B13:6
clay, terrigenous, sediments, A1:21
clay mineralogy
deep water, B(synthesis):15-16
lithologic units, A4:7
sediments, B13:1-10
See also chlorite; illite; kaolinite; mixed-layer clays; smectite
clays/(quartz+feldspar) ratio
lithologic units, A3:5; A5:7
vs. depth, A3:22; A4:28; A5:34; A7:25
climate change
ice cores, A1:10
surface water structure, B(synthesis):10-12
clinoptilolite, lithologic units, A5:7
color bands, lithologic units, A4:6-7
composite depths
offsets, A4:8-9
stratigraphy, A3:5-6, 44; A4:60-61; A5:8, 64-65; A6:6-7, 54-55; A7:5-6, 43; A8:9-10, 69-71; A9:7-8, 53
compressional wave velocity, sediments, A3:13-14; A4:18-19; A5:23-24; A6:16; A7:17; A8:19; A9:16
concretions
geochemistry, A9:13
photograph, A9:28
contorted beds
lithologic units, A4:7
photograph, A4:36
control points, sedimentation rates, A3:45
cooling events, summer sea-surface temperature, B(synthesis):45
cores
correlation, A6:25-29; A8:30-36; A9:23-26
disturbance, A4:58
physical properties, A1:24-25
undisturbed recovery, A4:59
correlation
absolute age, A5:44-45
biostratigraphy, A3:30; A4:43; A9:37
cores, A6:25-29; A8:30-36; A9:23-26
magnetostratigraphy, A6:38; A7:30; A8:45; A9:37
cross laminations, lithologic units, A6:5
cross stratification, photograph, A6:32
cryosphere, Antarctica, A1:7-8
cryptochrons, stratigraphy, B(synthesis):4

D

deep water
circulation, B(synthesis):14-16
production and mixing, A1:9
See also Circumpolar Deep Water; North Atlantic Deep Water
deglaciation
paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):22
Pleistocene, B(synthesis):11
See also glaciation
degradation, organic matter, A6:14-15; A8:17
demagnetization, alternating-field, sediments, A4:14; A8:14
Denmark Straits Overflow Water, salinity vs. temperature, A1:42
density
carbonate content, B6:3
sediments, A3:14; A4:18; A5:23; A6:16; A7:16-17; A8:18-19; A9:15-16
density, bulk
carbonate content, B6:3
composite depths, A4:8-9
gamma-ray attenuation vs. moisture and density measurement, A3:37; A4:51; A5:57; A6:48; A7:37; A8:54; A9:44
sediments, A1:14; B6:19
vs. carbonate content, B6:11
vs. depth, A1:51; A3:26, 36; A4:40-41, 50; A5:40, 43, 55-56; A6:36-37, 46-47; A7:26, 29, 36, 38-39; A8:44, 53, 56; A9:35-36, 43; B6:11
vs. thermal conductivity, A3:41; A4:55; A5:61; A6:51; A7:41; A8:58; A9:45
density, dry
sediments, B6:20-22
vs. carbonate content, B6:12-13
vs. depth, B6:12
vs. water content, B6:12
density, gamma-ray attenuation, vs. depth, A3:39
density, grain, vs. depth, A3:38
density logs, vs. depth, A8:63
deposition, sediments, A1:43
deuterium. See Vostok ice deuterium
diachronism, biostratigraphy, A5:10
diagenesis
chert, A1:10
lithologic units, A5:7; A9:6-7
See also authigenesis
diapirism, fracture zones, A1:5
diatom mats
lithologic units, A1:22; A6:5-6; A8:7-8
photograph, A1:50; A6:24; A8:38-40
sedimentation rates, A6:10
stratigraphy, A6:12
diatomite, lithologic units, A8:8
diatoms
biostratigraphy, A1:22-23; A3:9; A4:12-13; A5:13-15; A6:9-10; A7:9-11; A8:11-13; A9:10-11; B10:1-14
circum-Antarctic opal belt, A1:9
distribution, A3:55-56; A5:83-88; A6:67-72; A7:60-71; A8:88-92; A9:63-64
lithologic units, A1:20-22; A3:4-5; A5:6-7; A8:7-8
Neogene, A1:15
occurrence, A4:71-79
opal, B(synthesis):21
paleoceanography, A6:10
paleoenvironment, A5:15
Pliocene-Pleistocene biostratigraphy, B11:1-10
preservation and abundance vs. depth, A4:45
vs. depth, A3:22; A6:39
See also early Matuyama Diatom Maximum; late Matuyama Diatom Maximum; Matuyama Diatom Maximum
diorite, dropstone, A6:31
disconformities
calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B7:5
Miocene/Pliocene boundary, B7:5
dissolution
biostratigraphy, A4:9-10
carbonates, A8:16; B(synthesis):10, 16-17
magnetite, A6:11-12
opal, A6:15
planktonic foraminifers, A6:8
See also carbonate dissolution index
dolerite, lithologic units, A8:7-8
downhole logging, summary, A1:24-25
Drake Passage, paleoceanography, B(synthesis):7, 19-23
drift deposits
ice cores, A1:10
lithologic units, A4:8
dropstone
lithologic units, A4:7; A7:4-5; A9:7
photograph, A6:31

E

early Matuyama Diatom Maximum, oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):43
ebridians
distribution, A3:55-56; A5:83-88; A6:67-72; A7:60-71; A8:88-92; A9:63-64
occurrence, A4:71-79
Pleistocene, A9:10
echiurids
lithologic units, A9:7
occurrence, A9:52
photograph, A9:32
environment. See pelagic environment
Eocene
biostratigraphy, A1:22-23
calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B8:1-9
lithologic units, A5:6-7
nannofossil biostratigraphy, A5:10
See also Paleocene-Eocene sequence
Eocene, middle
sediments, A1:2, 20-21
stratigraphy, B(synthesis):4-5
tectonics, A1:41
See also middle Eocene assemblages
Eocene, middle-upper, paleoceanography, B(synthesis):5-7
Eocene, middle-upper boundary, chronostratigraphy, A5:18
Eocene, upper
impact deposits, B4:1-9
opal maximum, B(synthesis):20
See also Miocene-upper Eocene assemblages
Eocene/Oligocene boundary
benthic foraminifers, A5:13
biostratigraphy, A5:10
calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B8:3
climate events, B(synthesis):39
glaciation, B(synthesis):6
phosphorus/aluminum ratio vs. age, B(synthesis):40
stratigraphy, B(synthesis):4
eolian transport, lithologic units, A8:9
erosional contacts, photograph, A3:24
ethane
sediments, A3:12, 58; A4:15-16, 87; A6:13; A7:14; A8:15-16; A9:12
See also methane/ethane ratio

F

faults. See microfaults; transform faults
feldspar
lithologic units, A4:7; A8:7-8
See also clays/(quartz+feldspar) ratio; quartz/feldspar ratio
Fontbotia wuellerstorfi, Pleistocene, B14:21-23
foraminifers
Eocene/Oligocene boundary, B(synthesis):6
fragmentation, B14:1-23
fragmentation ratio vs. age, B14:8
lithologic units, A1:20-22; A3:4-5; A9:6-7
Neogene, A1:15
oxygen isotope stratigraphy, B12:1-20
sediments, A1:12
transfer functions, B(synthesis):21
vs. depth, A3:22
foraminifers, benthic
assemblages, A5:12-13
biostratigraphy, A3:8-9; A4:11; A5:11-12; A6:8-9; A7:8-9; A8:11; A9:9-10
distribution, A3:53-54; A4:68-69; A5:79-82; A6:65-66; A7:58-59; A8:85-86; A9:62
oxygen isotopes, B9:1-26; B14:8
Pleistocene, B14:21-23
power spectra, B(synthesis):51
vs. depth, A1:53
foraminifers, planktonic
biostratigraphy, A3:7-8; A4:10-11; A5:10-11; A6:7-8; A7:7-8; A8:11; A9:9
distribution of main species, A3:52; A4:66-67; A5:76-78; A6:63-64; A7:56-57; A8:82-84; A9:61
early-mid Pleistocene, B14:9-15
fragmentation, B(synthesis):53
oxygen isotope stratigraphy, B12:1-20
oxygen isotopes, B9:1-26
preservation, A6:8
formation factor, vs. porosity, A4:52
fracture zones, transform faults, A1:5-6
fragmentation, planktonic foraminifers, B(synthesis):53
frontal systems
Antarctic Circumpolar Current, A1:8
diatom mats, A1:22

G

gamma rays
composite depths, A4:8-9
vs. depth, A1:51; A3:36; A4:50; A5:55-56; A6:46-47; A7:36; A8:53; A9:43
gamma-ray logs
sediments, A8:20-22
vs. depth, A8:63-64
garnet grains, lithologic units, A8:8
Gauss Chron
diatoms, A5:14; A6:9, 13
ice-rafted debris, B(synthesis):9
magnetic polarity, A8:14
magnetostratigraphy, A8:15
See also Matuyama/Gauss boundary
geochemistry
sediments, B1:1-14
Site 1088, A3:12-13
Site 1089, A4:15-18; B1:1-14
Site 1090, A5:19-23
Site 1091, A6:13-15
Site 1092, A7:14-15
Site 1093, A8:15-18
Site 1094, A9:12-14
geomagnetic field, paleointensity, A1:11
geomagnetic intensity
vs. age, B(synthesis):38
vs. depth, B(synthesis):37
Gibbs Fracture Zone Water, salinity vs. temperature, A1:42
Gilbert Chron
deep water, B(synthesis):10
diatoms, A5:15
magnetostratigraphy, A8:15
glacial/interglacial cycles
benthic foraminifers, A5:13
biostratigraphy, A4:11
foraminifers, A9:10
lithologic units, A4:8; A7:5; A8:9; A9:7
marine isotope stages, B(synthesis):12
sedimentation rates, A1:25-26
sediments, A1:21
well-logs, A8:20-22
glaciation
Eocene/Oligocene boundary, B(synthesis):6
paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):23
Termination II, B(synthesis):11
See also deglaciation; last glacial maximum; Miocene glacial event Mi-1; Oligocene glacial event Oi-1; Termination I; Termination II; Termination V
glass shards, lithologic units, A8:7-8
Globigerina bulloides, carbon and oxygen isotopes, B9:21
gneiss fragments, lithologic units, A8:8
graded bedding
lithologic units, A4:7
photograph, A4:37
vs. depth, A4:33
grain size
sediments, B13:3-4
vs. biogenic silica, B13:6
gravel, volcaniclastic, photograph, A8:37
green layers, photograph, A4:32
"greenhouse" mode, paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):5
gypsum, lithologic units, A4:6

H

heat flow, sediments, A3:15; A4:20; A8:19-20; A9:16
hemipelagic sediments, bacteria, B3:5-6
hiatuses
age vs. depth, A7:31
biostratigraphy, A5:11
diatoms, A5:13-14; A7:11; A8:13
lithologic units, A5:6; A8:7-8
lower Pliocene-lower Miocene, A5:18
radiolarians, A7:12; A8:14
sedimentation rates, A3:11; A7:13-14; B6:2-3
sediments, A1:13-14, 16-17, 21, 29
stratigraphy, B(synthesis):4
See also lower Pliocene-lower Miocene hiatus
Holocene
carbon isotopes, B(synthesis):49
lithologic units, A8:7-8; A9:6-7
hydrocarbons, volatile
sediments, A3:12; A4:15-16; A5:19; A6:13; A7:14; A8:15-16; A9:12
See also ethane; methane; methane/ethane ratio
hydrogen sulfide
pore water, A6:14; A8:17
sediments, A1:16
hydrography, A1:6-7

I

ice age, summer sea-surface temperature, B(synthesis):45
ice cores, correlation with marine sediments, B(synthesis):17-19
ice sheets
climate events, B(synthesis):39
dynamics, B(synthesis):13-14
paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):7
sediments, A1:28-29
ice volume, vs. age, B12:9
ice-rafted debris
Gauss Chron, B(synthesis):9
ice sheets, B(synthesis):13-14, 20-21
lithologic units, A3:4-5; A7:4-5; A8:8-9; A9:6-7
mid-Pleistocene Transition, B(synthesis):14
photograph, A3:24; A8:37
Pleistocene, B14:1-23
point counts, Pliocene, B5:1-6
sediments, A1:21
upper Pliocene, B(synthesis):9
vs. age, B14:8
"icehouse" mode, paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):5
illite, biotitic, sediments, B13:1-10
illite, sediments, B13:1-10
illite/(kaolinite+chlorite) ratio
lithologic units, A4:7
vs. depth, A4:28
impact deposits, upper Eocene, B4:1-9
impact events, upper Eocene, B(synthesis):5
insolation, warming, B(synthesis):11-12
insolation forcing, ice core correlation with marine sediments, B(synthesis):18-19
interglacials
marine isotopic stages, A1:27
"Pacific-type" carbonate stratigraphy, B(synthesis):52
See also glacial/interglacial cycles
iridium
microtektites, B(synthesis):5
sediments, B4:8-9
vs. depth, B4:7
iridium anomaly, impact deposits, B4:3-4
iron
pore water, A4:16-17; A5:21-22; A8:17
sediments, A6:15
vs. depth, A4:48; A5:51; A6:43; A8:50; A9:41; B1:6
iron/aluminum ratio, vs. depth, B1:7
iron/titanium ratio, vs. depth, B1:7
Islas Orcadas Rise, tectonics, A1:6
isotherms, Pleistocene, B(synthesis):10-12

J

Jaramillo Subchron
chronostratigraphy, A5:18
magnetic polarity, A9:11
sediments, A1:13; A4:14

K

kaolinite. See illite/(kaolinite+chlorite) ratio
kaolinite/chlorite ratio, power spectra, B(synthesis):51

L

Labrador Sea Water, salinity vs. temperature, A1:42
laminations
lithologic units, A3:4-5
photograph, A:150; A4:32; A6:30; A8:39-40
See also cross laminations
laminations, planar, photograph, A6:32
lappilli tuff, lithologic units, A8:7-8
last glacial maximum, carbon isotopes, B(synthesis):49
late Matuyama Diatom Maximum, oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):43
late Paleocene thermal maximum, climate events, B(synthesis):39
Liesegang bands
lithologic units, A4:6-7
photograph, A4:31
lithics, vs. age, Vostok ice, B(synthesis):47
lithium
pore water, A3:12; A4:17; A5:21; A6:14
vs. depth, A3:33; A4:48; A5:51; A6:43; A7:34; A8:50; A9:41
lithologic units
Site 1088, A3:4-5
Site 1089, A4:6-7
Site 1090, A5:5-7
Site 1091, A6:5-6
Site 1092, A7:4-5
Site 1093, A8:7-9
Site 1094, A9:6-7
Unit I, A3:4-5; A4:6-7; A5:5; A6:5-6; A7:4-5; A8:7-8; A9:6-7
Unit II, A5:6; A8:8
Unit III, A5:6-7
lithology, summary, A3:21, 25; A4:26; A5:31-32; A6:21-22; A7:24; A8:26-28; A9:22; B6:9
lithostratigraphy
Site 1088, A3:3-5
Site 1089, A4:5-8
Site 1090, A5:4-7
Site 1091, A6:4-6
Site 1092, A7:3-5
Site 1093, A8:6-9
Site 1094, A9:5-7
summary, A1:20-22, 49, 52
lower Miocene assemblages, benthic foraminifers, A7:9
lower Pliocene-lower Miocene hiatus, sedimentation rates, B6:10

M

magnesium
comparison of profiles, A5:52
pore water, A4:17; A5:20-21; A6:14; A7:15; A8:16; A9:13
vs. calcium, A5:53
vs. depth, A3:33; A4:48; A5:51; A6:43; A7:34; A8:50; A9:41
vs. strontium, A5:53
magnesium/calcium ratio
pore water, A1:13; A4:17; A5:20-21; A8:16
vs. depth, A5:53
magnetic anomalies, tectonics, A1:6
magnetic declination, sediments, A4:14
magnetic inclination
histograms, A3:31
magnetic polarity, A7:13
sediments, A1:17; A3:11; A5:17
vs. depth, A4:46; A5:47-48; A6:40; A7:32; A8:47-48; A9:39
magnetic intensity
sediments, A6:11; A8:14; A9:11
See also paleointensity
magnetic polarity
chron boundaries, A4:86
Chron C2An.3n, A6:13
magnetic inclination, A7:13
sediments, A1:13-14
magnetic susceptibility
composite depths, A4:8-9
vs. depth, A1:51; A3:23, 28, 36; A4:38, 41, 50; A5:39, 42, 55-56; A6:34, 37, 46-47; A7:27, 29, 36, 38-39; A8:42, 44, 53, 56, 63; A9:34, 36, 43
magnetic susceptibility logs
sediments, A8:20-22
vs. depth, A8:63, 65
magnetite, dissolution, A6:11-12
magnetostratigraphy
chron boundaries, A4:86
correlation, A4:43; A6:38; A7:30; A8:45; A9:37
Neogene, B(synthesis): 3-4
sedimentation rates, A7:13-14
vs. depth, A5:44-45
major elements, sediments, B1:8-14
manganese
pore water, A4:17; A5:22; A7:15; A8:17; A9:13-14
sediments, A6:15
vs. depth, A1:48; A4:48; A5:51; A6:43; A8:50; A9:41
manganese nodules
hiatuses, A1:14
vs. depth, A5:37
maps, tectonics, A1:40
marine isotope Stage 1, Termination V, B(synthesis):12
marine isotope Stage 3, paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):22-23
marine isotope Stage 5
ice core correlation with marine sediments, B(synthesis):19
paleoclimatology, B9:5
sea ice extent, B(synthesis):12-13
sediments, A1:27
Termination V, B(synthesis):12
marine isotope Stage 5e, glaciation, B(synthesis):11
marine isotope Stage 6, sea ice extent, B(synthesis):12-13
marine isotope Stage 7
diatoms, A4:12; A8:12; A9:10
ice sheets, B(synthesis):14
paleoclimatology, A6:12; B9:4-5
marine isotope Stage 8, diatoms, A8:12
marine isotope Stage 9
diatoms, A4:12; A8:12; A9:10
ice sheets, B(synthesis):14
paleoclimatology, A6:12
marine isotope Stage 10
lithologic units, A3:5
sea ice extent, B(synthesis):12-13
marine isotope Stage 11
carbonate dissolution, B(synthesis):17
diatoms, A4:12; A8:12; A9:10
ice core correlation with marine sediments, B(synthesis):19, 46
interglacials, B(synthesis):12
lithologic units, A3:5
paleoclimatology, A6:12
sediments, A1:27
Termination V, B(synthesis):12
marine isotope Stage 11.3, diatoms, A4:12
marine isotope Stage 12
sea ice extent, B(synthesis):12-13
sediments, A1:27
marine isotope Stage 13, carbonate dissolution, B(synthesis):17
marine isotope Stage 15, diatoms, A4:12
marine isotope Stage 16 diatoms, A4:12; A8:12
marine isotope Stage 17, diatoms, A4:12
marine isotope Stage 17/18 transition, age models, B12:5
marine isotope Stage 18/19 transition, age models, B12:5
marine isotope Stage 19, age models, B12:5
marine isotope Stage 21, age models, B12:5
marine isotope Stage 22, oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):16
marine isotope Stages 1-12, sediments, A1:13
marine isotope Stages 1-13, sediments, A1:11
marine isotope Stages 3-4, temperature oscillations, B(synthesis):11
marine isotope Stages 6-5, glaciation, B(synthesis):11
marine isotope stages
benthic foraminifers, B14:8
missing stages, B9:24
sediments, A8:15
marker beds
lithologic units, A6:5
location and description, A6:53
photograph, A6:32-33
Matuyama Chron
chronostratigraphy, A5:18
diatoms, A4:13; A5:15; A6:9, 12; B(synthesis):21
magnetic polarity, A6:11; A8:14; A9:11
radiolarians, A8:13
sediments, A1:15-16
stratigraphy, A9:12
See also Brunhes/Matuyama boundary; early Matuyama Diatom Maximum; late Matuyama Diatom Maximum
Matuyama Diatom Maximum
upper Pliocene, B(synthesis):8
See also early Matuyama Diatom Maximum; late Matuyama Diatom Maximum
Matuyama/Gauss boundary
diatoms, A8:13
magnetic polarity, A6:11-12
sediments, A1:16
Maud Rise, paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):7
metaquartzite, lithologic units, A8:8
Meteor Rise
paleoceanography, B(synthesis):8
sediments, A1:21
tectonics, A1:5-6
methane
sediments, A3:12, 58; A4:15-16, 87; A5:19, 93; A6:13, 76; A7:14, 76; A8:15-16, 96; A9:12, 66
vs. depth, A3:32; A4:47; A5:50; A6:42; A7:33; A8:49; A9:40
methane/ethane ratio, sediments, A4:16
methanogenesis, sediments, A4:16
microfaults, photograph, A4:29, 35-36
microkrystites, upper Eocene, B(synthesis):5
microtektites, upper Eocene, B(synthesis):5
Mid-Atlantic Ridge, tectonics, A1:6
Mid-Brunhes Event
benthic foraminifers, B14:8
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):44
Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary, B(synthesis):43
Mid-Brunhes Transition. See Mid-Brunhes Event
Mid-Pleistocene Revolution
benthic foraminifers, B14:8
ice-rafted debris, B(synthesis):14, 21
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):43-44
Mid-Pleistocene Transition. See Mid-Pleistocene Revolution
middle Eocene assemblages, benthic foraminifers, A5:13
middle Miocene-Pliocene sequence, paleoceanography, B(synthesis):7-10
middle-upper Miocene assemblages, benthic foraminifers, A7:8-9
Milankovitch cycles
age models, B12:3-4
marine isotopic stages, A1:27
paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):23
sediments, A1:12
millenial timescales, tectonics, B(synthesis): 1-55
Miocene
biostratigraphy, A1:22-23
calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B7:1-14
diatom biostratigraphy, B10:1-14
lithologic units, A5:6
nannofossil biostratigraphy, A5:9-10
nannofossils, A3:7; A7:7
paleomagnetism, A1:23-24
sediments, A1:16
See also Oligocene/Miocene boundary
Miocene, lower
diatoms, A7:11
paleoceanography, B(synthesis):5-7
sediments, A1:2
stratigraphy, B(synthesis):4-5
See also lower Miocene assemblages; lower Pliocene-lower Miocene hiatus
Miocene, middle
calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B7:3-4
diatoms, A7:11
See also middle Miocene-Pliocene sequence
Miocene, middle-upper boundary
biostratigraphic datums, A3:11
paleoceanography, B(synthesis):8
Miocene, middle-upper sequence
lithologic units, A3:4-5
radiolarians, A7:12
See also middle-upper Miocene assemblages
Miocene, upper
calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B7:4-5
diatoms, A8:13
lithologic units, A7:5; A8:8
radiolarians, A7:12
Miocene glacial event Mi-1
climate events, B(synthesis):39
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):7
Miocene-upper Eocene assemblages, benthic foraminifers, A5:13
Miocene/Pliocene boundary
biogenic bloom, B(synthesis):8
biostratigraphic datums, A3:11
calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B7:5
diatoms, A7:10
hiatuses, A5:14-15
lithologic units, A5:6; A7:5; A8:8
sedimentation rates, A7:13-14
Miocene/Pliocene unconformity, biostratigraphy, A5:12
mixed-layer clays, lithologic units, A5:7
mud
bacteria, B3:1-12
lithologic units, A5:5-7; A7:5; A8:7-8; A9:6-7
mud, diatom
lithologic units, A4:6-7
photograph, A4:30
mudrock, lithologic units, A8:8
muscovite, sediments, B13:1-10

N

nannofossils
distribution of main species, A4:63-65; A5:67-69; A6:57-59; A7:45-47; A8:73-77; A9:55-57
lithologic units, A1:20-22; A4:6-7; A9:6-7
vs. depth, A3:22
nannofossils, calcareous
biostratigraphy, A1:22-23; A3:6-7; A4:9-10; A5:8-10; A6:7; A7:6-7; A8:10; A9:8-9
distribution, A3:48-51
Eocene-Oligocene biostratigraphy, B8:1-9
Eocene-Oligocene distribution, B8:8
Miocene-Pliocene biostratigraphy, B7:1-14
Miocene-Pliocene distribution, B7:13
Neogene
Antarctic Circumpolar Current, B(synthesis):19-23
biostratigraphic datums, A1:22-23
biostratigraphy, A1:13
paleoclimatology, A6:12; B(synthesis):5-23
See also Paleogene/Neogene transition
neoglaciation, ice sheets, B(synthesis):14
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral)
carbon and oxygen isotopes, B9:25-26
oxygen isotopes, B12:13-15,17-19
nitrogen, total
sediments, A4:17-18, 90-93; A5:22, 54, 96-97; A6:15, 79-80; A7:15, 79; A8:17, 99-100; A9:14, 70
vs. depth, A4:49; A6:44; A8:51; A9:42
vs. total organic carbon, A6:45; A8:52
See also carbon, total organic/total nitrogen ratio
North Atlantic Deep Water
carbon isotope vertical distribution in world oceans, B(synthesis):33
climate events, B(synthesis):39
hydrography, A1:6-7
ice core correlation with marine sediments, B(synthesis):18-19
postcruise research, A1:26-29
salinity, B(synthesis):9
salinity vs. temperature, A1:42
thermohaline circulation, B(synthesis):14-16

O

ocean circulation
deep water, B(synthesis):14-16
frontal systems, Antarctic Circumpolar Current, A1:8
offsets, composite depths, A4:8-9
Olduvai Subchron
chronostratigraphy, A5:18; A8:15
diatoms, A4:13; A5:14; A6:9; A7:10
sediments, A4:14
Oligocene
calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B8:1-9
lithologic units, A5:6
nannofossil biostratigraphy, A5:10
See also Eocene/Oligocene boundary
Oligocene, lower, hiatuses, B(synthesis):4
Oligocene, upper, warming, B(synthesis):39
Oligocene glacial event Oi-1
climate events, B(synthesis):39
hiatuses, B(synthesis):4
Oligocene/Miocene boundary
biostratigraphy, A5:10
calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B7:4-5
diatoms, A5:15
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):7
radiolarians, A5:16
ooze, carbonate, lithologic units, A6:5-6
ooze, diatom
lithologic units, A5:6; A6:5-6; A7:4-5; A8:7-8; A9:6-7
porcellanite, A1:25-26
ooze, diatom nannofossil, lithologic units, A4:6-7; A5:5; A6:5-6
ooze, foraminifer, lithologic units, A7:4-5
ooze, foraminifer diatom, lithologic units, A6:5-6; A8:7-8
ooze, foraminifer nannofossil
lithologic units, A3:4-5
photograph, A3:24
sediments, A1:21
ooze, mud diatom
lithologic units, A6:5-6; A8:8
photograph, A8:37, 40
ooze, mud nannofossil, lithologic units, A4:6-7
ooze, nannofossil, lithologic units, A1:21; A4:6-7; A5:5-7; A7:4-5
ooze, sediments, A1:13; A1:16
opal
biogenic sinks, A1:9
diatoms, B(synthesis):21
dissolution, A6:15
lithologic units, A3:4-5; A4:7; A5:7; A8:7-8
pore water, A8:17
productivity, A1:8
sediments, B13:1-10
upper Pleistocene, B2:1-5
vs. depth, A3:22; A5:33
X-ray diffraction data, A5:62-63
See also circum-Antarctic opal belt
opal, biogenic
opal export, B(synthesis):6
sediments, A1:21
upper Pleistocene, B2:1-5
vs. depth, B2:4
opal, bulk, vs. depth, A5:34; A6:23; A7:25; A8:29; A9:27
opal-CT
geochemistry, A9:13
porcellanite, A1:22
X-ray diffraction data, A9:29
opal maximum
climate events, B(synthesis):39
upper Eocene, B(synthesis):8, 20
orbital forcing
Cenozoic, B(synthesis):5
marine isotopic stages, A1:27
surface water, A1:9
organic matter
degradation, A6:14-15; A8:17
oxidation, A6:15
remineralization, A9:14
oxidation
organic matter, A6:15
sediments, A6:15
oxygen isotope stratigraphy
lower-middle Pleistocene, B12:1-20
sediments, B9:1-26
oxygen isotopes
benthic foraminifers, B(synthesis):9; B14:8
Cibicidoides, B9:20-21
Eocene/Oligocene boundary, B(synthesis):6
foraminifers, B9:1-26
Globigerina bulloides, B9:21
ice core correlation with marine sediments, B(synthesis):17-19; B9:13
ice sheets, B(synthesis):14
major climatic events, B(synthesis):39
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral), B9:25-26; B12:13-15, 17-19
Oligocene/Miocene boundary, B(synthesis):7
"Pacific-type" carbonate stratigraphy, B(synthesis):52
Paleogene, B(synthesis):20-22
Pleistocene, B(synthesis):44
Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary, B(synthesis):43
temperature vs. age, B(synthesis):39
vs. age, A4:25; B(synthesis):35, 38, 41, 43, 45, 52; B9:10, 12-14, 16, 19; B12:9-10, 12
vs. carbon isotopes, B(synthesis):36
vs. depth, A1:53; B(synthesis):34; B9:9,11,15, 17, 18; B12:8
vs. Vostok ice dueterium, B(synthesis):54

P

"Pacific-type" carbonate stratigraphy, oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):52
paleoceanography
diatoms, A6:10
lower Miocene, B(synthesis):5-7
middle Miocene-Pliocene, B(synthesis):7-10
middle Pleistocene, A8:15
middle-upper Eocene, B(synthesis):5-7
Pleistocene, B(synthesis):10-19
postcruise research, A1:26-29
Southern Ocean, A1:1-67; B(synthesis):1-55
Paleocene, upper
tectonics, A1:41
See also late Paleocene thermal maximum
Paleocene-Eocene sequence, tectonics, A1:41
paleoclimatology
early and mid-Pleistocene, B14:1-23
greenhouse mode, B(synthesis):5
ice core correlation with marine sediments, B(synthesis):18-19
ice cores, A1:10
icehouse mode, B(synthesis):5
Neogene, A6:12; B(synthesis):5-23
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):39
sediments, A1:2
See also climate change; cooling events; late Paleocene thermal maximum; Miocene glacial event Mi-1; Oligocene glacial event Oi-1; temperature, sea-surface
paleoenvironment
diatoms, A5:15; A6:10
lithologic units, A8:9
Paleogene
cryosphere, A1:7-8
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):20-22
Paleogene/Neogene transition, biostratigraphy, A5:12
paleogeography, sediments, A1:2
paleointensity, geomagnetic field, A1:11
paleomagnetism
Site 1088, A3:10-11
Site 1089, A4:14
Site 1090, A5:17
Site 1091, A6:11-12
Site 1092, A7:13
Site 1093, A8:14
Site 1094, A9:11
summary, A1:23-24, 49
paleoposition, frontal systems, A1:22
paleoproductivity, biostratigraphy, A4:11
pelagic environment, sedimentation rates, A8:15
pH, vs. depth, A3:33; A4:48; A5:51; A6:43; A7:34; A8:50; A9:41
phenocrysts, lithologic units, A8:7-8
phosphate
pore water, A3:13; A4:16; A7:15; A8:17; A9:13
sediments, A6:15
vs. depth, A1:48; A3:33; A4:48; A5:51; A6:4; A7:34; A8:50; A9:41
phosphorus, vs. depth, B1:4
phosphorus/aluminum ratio
vs. age, B(synthesis):40
vs. depth, B1:5
phosphorus/titanium ratio, vs. depth, B1:5
physical properties
cores, A1:24-25
sediments, A1:17
Site 1088, A3:13-15, 64
Site 1089, A4:18-20, 94
Site 1090, A5:23-25, 98
Site 1091, A6:15-18, 81
Site 1092, A7:15-18, 80
Site 1093, A8:18-20, 101
Site 1094, A9:14-16, 71
phytoliths, distribution, A5:83-88; A6:67-72; A7:60-71; A8:88-92; A9:63-64
phytoliths, opaline
distribution, A3:55-56
occurrence, A4:71-79
placoliths, dissolution, A4:9-10
Planolites
lithologic units, A4:6-7
photograph, A4:29, 31; A5:35
Pleistocene
benthic foraminifers, A8:11
biostratigraphy, A1:22-23; A4:9-14
deepwater circulation, B(synthesis):21
diatom biostratigraphy, B11:1-10
diatoms, A9:10
isotherms, B(synthesis):10-12
lithologic units, A3:4-5; A4:6-7; A5:5; A6:5-6; A7:4-5; A8:7-8; A9:6-7
nannofossil biostratigraphy, A3:6; A5:9
nannofossils, A6:7; A7:6-7; A8:10
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):44
paleoceanography, B(synthesis):10-19
radiolarians, A7:12; A8:13
sedimentation rates, B9:3
sediments, A1:15-16, 20-21
sponge spicules, A9:10
stratigraphy, A9:12
See also deglaciation; ice age; last glacial maximum; Mid-Pleistocene Revolution; Pliocene-Pleistocene assemblages; Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary
Pleistocene, lower, nannofossils, A9:9
Pleistocene, lower-middle
oxygen isotope stratigraphy, B12:1-20
paleoclimatology, B14:1-23
Pleistocene, middle, sedimentation rates, A8:15
Pleistocene, upper
diatoms, A8:12
opal, B2:1-5
Pliocene
biostratigraphy, A1:22-23; A4:9-14
calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B7:1-14
diatom biostratigraphy, B11:1-10
hiatuses, A1:14, 21
ice-rafted debris, B5:1-6
lithologic units, A3:4-5; A5:5; A6:5-6; A7:5; A8:8
nannofossil biostratigraphy, A5:9-10
nannofossils, A3:6-7; A7:7
paleomagnetism, A1:23-24
radiolarians, A8:13
sediments, A1:15-16, 20-22
stratigraphy, A6:12
See also lower Pliocene-lower Miocene hiatus; middle Miocene-Pliocene sequence; Miocene/Pliocene boundary; Miocene/Pliocene unconformity
Pliocene, lower
lithologic units, A5:5
See also lower Pliocene-lower Miocene hiatus
Pliocene, lower/middle boundary, calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B7:5
Pliocene, lower/upper boundary, diatoms, A7:10
Pliocene, upper
deepwater circulation, B(synthesis):21
ice-rafted debris, B(synthesis):9
lithologic units, A4:6-7; A7:4-5
nannofossils, A6:7; A8:10
sedimentation rates, A8:15
Pliocene-Pleistocene assemblages, benthic foraminifers, A5:12-13; A7:8
Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary
lithologic units, A3:5; A8:7-8
nannofossils, A6:7; A7:6-7
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):43
sedimentation rates, A4:15
Polar Front Zone
diatoms, A8:12
hydrography, A1:6-7
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):43
surface water, B(synthesis):11
Polarstern core PS2489-2
benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes, B14:8
sediment composition, B13:9
Polarstern core PS2821-1, sediment composition, B13:8
porcellanite
genesis, A1:25-26
geochemistry, A9:13
lithologic units, A1:21-22; A8:7-8; A9:6-7
occurrence, A9:51
photograph, A9:28, 31
X-ray diffraction data, A9:29
pore water
acetate, B3:1-12
geochemistry, A1:11, 13, 25-26, 59-60; A4:16-17, 88-89; A5:19-22, 94-95; A6:13-15, 77-78; A7:14-15, 77-78; A8:16-17, 97-98; A9:12-14, 67-69
sediments, A1:14
porosity
sediments, A3:14; A4:19; A5:24; A6:16-17; A8:20-22
vs. depth, A3:36; A4:52
vs. formation factor, A4:52
porosity logs, vs. depth, A8:63
potassium
pore water, A5:21; A6:14; A9:13
vs. depth, A3:33; A4:48; A5:51; A6:43; A7:34; A8:50; A9:41
potassium logs, vs. depth, A8:64
power spectra, sediments, B(synthesis):51
precession, age models, B12:3-4
preservation
carbonates, A4:9-11
foraminifers, A9:9
planktonic foraminifers, A3:8; A6:8
productivity
biosiliceous composition, A6:12
carbon dioxide, A1:8
See also paleoproductivity
propane, sediments, A3:12, 58; A4:87; A6:13; A7:14; A8:15-16; A9:12
pumice, lithologic units, A8:7-8
pyrite
lithologic units, A4:6-7
sediments, A6:15
pyroxene, lithologic units, A8:7-8

Q

quartz
lithologic units, A4:7
See also clays/(quartz+feldspar) ratio
quartz/feldspar ratio
lithologic units, A3:5; A5:7
power spectra, B(synthesis):51
sediments, B13:1-10
vs. depth, A3:22; A4:28; A5:34; A7:25
quartz grains, lithologic units, A8:8
Quaternary
sedimentation rates, B6:2-3
sediments, A1:13, 20-22
stratigraphy, A6:12

R

radiolarians
biostratigraphy, A1:22-23; A3:10; A4:13-14; A5:16-17; A6:10-11; A7:11-12; A8:13-14; A9:11
distribution, A3:57; A4:83-85; A6:74-75; A7:74-75; A8:93-95; A9:65
lithologic units, A1:20-22
main components of assemblage, A5:91-92
recrystallization, lithologic units, A4:6-7
redox
pore water, A5:21; A6:14; A7:15; A8:17; A9:14
sediments, A1:16-17
See also sulfate reduction
reduction
pore water, A3:12
sediments, A6:15
See also redox; sulfate reduction
reflectance
carbonate content, B6:3-4
carbonate dissolution, B(synthesis):16-17
composite depths, A4:8-9
marine isotopic stages, A1:27
sediments, A1:12, 17; A3:14-15; A6:17; A9:15-16
vs. depth, A1:45, 51; A3:23, 27, 39-40; A4:39, 41-42; A5:41, 56, 58-59; A6:35, 37, 47, 49-50; A7:28, 36, 38-39; A8:41, 44, 53, 55-56; A9:33, 36, 43
reflectance, blue
vs. age, B6:16-17
vs. carbonate content, A5:59; B6:15-17
vs. depth, A3:25; A4:53-54; A8:55-56; A9:43; B6:15
vs. red reflectance, B6:14
reflectance, blue and red
sediments, A4:19-20
vs. depth, A1:47
reflectance, diffuse spectral
carbonate stratigraphy, B6:1-24
sediments, A4:19-20; A5:24-25
reflectance, red
vs. blue reflectance, B6:14
vs. carbonate content, A5:59
vs. depth, A4:27, 53-54; A5:33; A8:55-56; A9:43; B9:9, 11, 17-18
reflectance, spectral, sediments, B6:23
remanent magnetization, natural
Neogene, A1:15-16
sediments, A3:11; A4:14; A6:11; A7:13; A8:14; A9:11
remineralization, organic matter, A9:14
resistivity
sediments, A3:14; A4:19; A5:24; A6:16-17
vs. depth, A3:36; A4:50; A5:55-56; A6:46-47; A7:36, 38-39; A8:53, 56; A9:43
resistivity logs, vs. depth, A8:63
rhodochrosite, lithologic units, A4:6-7

S

salinity
glacial/interglacial cycles, A1:25-26
North Atlantic Deep Water, B(synthesis):9
pore water, A4:16; A8:16
vs. depth, A3:33; A4:48
vs. temperature, A1:42
Scotia Arc, sedimentation, A8:9
scoured bases, photograph, A6:32
sea ice
evolution, A1:8
extent, B(synthesis):12-13
sea-level changes
biostratigraphy, A4:12
vs. depth, A1:53
sedimentary structures, lithologic units, A6:5
sedimentation
biogenic silica, B(synthesis):6
terrigenous proxies, B(synthesis):6
sedimentation rates
age models, B6:2-3; B12:3-4
age vs. depth, A3:11; A4:15
biostratigraphic datums, A7:13-14
calcareous nannofossils, A3:11
Cenozoic, A1:11-12
chronostratigraphy, A5:18
control points, A3:45; A4:70; A5:89-90; A6:73; A7:72-73; A8:87; A9:60
data, B6:18
diatoms, A6:10
glacial/interglacial cycles, A1:25-26
lithologic units, A8:9
magnetic polarity, A4:15
magnetostratigraphy, A7:13-14
Neogene, A1:15-16; A6:13
paleomagnetism, A1:23-24
Pleistocene, B9:3
sediments, A1:16-17, 23
stratigraphy, A9:12
vs. age and depth, B6:10
sediments
composition, B13:1-10
deposition, A1:43
geochemistry, B1:1-14
paleoceanography, A1:1-67
postcruise research, A1:26-29
power spectra, B(synthesis):51
Quaternary, A1:13
sediments, marine, ice cores, B(synthesis):17-19
seismic profiles
interval velocities, A8:66; A9:49
Site 1088, A3:18-20
Site 1089, A4:23-24
Site 1090, A5:29-30
Site 1091, A6:19-20
Site 1092, A7:21-23
Site 1093, A8:24-25
Site 1094, A9:18-20
sequence analysis, vs. depth, A1:53
sericite, sediments, B13:1-10
serpentinite, diapirism, A1:5
Shona Hotspot, tectonics, A1:6
Shona Ridge, tectonics, A1:5-6
siderite, lithologic units, A4:6-7
silica
pore water, A3:12; A4:16; A9:13
sedimentation, B(synthesis):6
vs. depth, A3:33; A4:48; A5:51; A6:43; A7:34; A8:50; A9:41
silica, biogenic
sedimentation, B(synthesis):8
sediments, B13:1-10
vs. grain size, B13:6
silica budget, global marine distribution, A1:9
siliciclastics
lithologic units, A8:7-8
sediments, A1:9, 20; B13:1-10
siliciclastics, bulk, vs. depth, A4:27; A5:34; A6:23; A7:25; A8:29; A9:27
silicoflagellates
biostratigraphy, A4:13
distribution, A3:55-56; A5:83-88; A6:67-72; A7:60-71; A8:88-92; A9:63-64
lithologic units, A1:20-22
occurrence, A4:71-79
Pleistocene, A9:10
silt
mineralogy, B13:1-10
sediments, A1:9, 20-22
vs. biogenic silica, B13:6
silt, sortable, vs. biogenic silica, B13:6
silt, terrigenous, sediments, A1:21
silt laminae, photograph, A4:30
silt pods, photograph, A4:30
Site 607
carbon isotope signals, B(synthesis):41
carbon isotopes, B(synthesis):16
Site 689
diatom stratigraphy, B10:1-14
paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):7
Site 690
diatom stratigraphy, B10:1-14
paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):7
Site 704
carbon isotopes, B(synthesis):15
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):9, 41
paleoceanography, B(synthesis):8
Site 849
carbon isotopes, B(synthesis):42
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):41
Site 925, carbon isotope signals, B(synthesis):41
Site 929
carbon isotope maximum at Oligocene/Miocene boundary, B(synthesis):36
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):6
Site 982, carbon isotopes, B(synthesis):16
Site 1088, A3:1-66
background and objectives, A3:1-2
bacteria, B3:1-12
biostratigraphy, A3:6-10
calcareous nannofossil stratigraphy, B7:1-14
carbon isotopes, B(synthesis):48
chronostratigraphy, A3:5-11
coring summary, A1:55
diatom stratigraphy, B10:1-14
geochemistry, A3:12-13
lithologic units, A3:4-5
lithostratigraphy, A3:3-5
operations, A3:2-3
oxygen isotope stratigraphy, B9:3
paleomagnetism, A3:10-11
physical properties, A3:13-15
principal results, A1:11-12
site description, A3:1-66
Site 1089, A4:1-77
background and objectives, A4:1-3
biostratigraphy, A4:9-14
carbon isotopes, B(synthesis):48
chronostratigraphy, A4:8-15
coring summary, A1:56-57
geochemistry, A4:15-18; B1:1-14
ice core correlation with marine sediments, B(synthesis):17-19
lithostratigraphy, A4:5-8
Miocene diatom biostratigraphy, B11:5
operations, A4:3-5
oxygen isotope stratigraphy, B9:3-4
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):45
oxygen isotopes vs. Vostok ice dueterium, B(synthesis):54
paleomagnetism, A4:14
physical properties, A4:18-20
planktonic foraminifers, B(synthesis):53
principal results, A1:12-13
sediment composition, B13:1-10
site description, A4:1-97
summer sea-surface temperature, B(synthesis):45
Site 1090, A5:1-101
background and objectives, A5:1-2
biostratigraphy, A5:8-17
calcareous nannofossil stratigraphy, B7:1-14; B8:1-9
calcium carbonate stratigraphy, B6:1-24
carbon isotopes, B(synthesis):42, 48
chronostratigraphy, A5:8-19
coring summary, A1:58-59
geochemistry, A5:19-23
impact deposits, B4:1-9
lithostratigraphy, A5:4-7
Miocene diatom biostratigraphy, B11:6
operations, A5:2-4
oxygen isotope stratigraphy, B9:4-5
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):44
paleoclimatology, B14:1-23
paleomagnetism, A5:17
physical properties, A5:23-25
Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary, B(synthesis):43
principal results, A1:13-14
sediment composition, B13:1-10
sediment power spectra, B(synthesis):51
site description, A5:1-101
stratigraphy, B(synthesis):4-5
summer sea-surface temperature, B(synthesis):44
Site 1091, A6:1-84
background and objectives, A6:1-2
biostratigraphy, A6:7-11
chronostratigraphy, A6:6-13
coring summary, A1:60-61
geochemistry, A6:13-15
lithostratigraphy, A6:4-6
Miocene diatom biostratigraphy, B11:7
operations, A6:2-4
oxygen isotope stratigraphy, B12:4
paleomagnetism, A6:11-12
physical properties, A6:15-18
principal results, A1:15-16
site description, A6:1-84
Site 1092, A7:1-82
background and objectives, A7:1-2
biostratigraphy, A7:6-12
carbon isotope signals, B(synthesis):41
chronostratigraphy, A7:5-14
composite depths, A7:5-6
coring summary, A1:62-63
diatom stratigraphy, B10:1-14
geochemistry, A7:14-15
lithostratigraphy, A7:3-5
Miocene diatom biostratigraphy, B11:8
operations, A7:2-3
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):41
paleomagnetism, A7:13
physical properties, A7:15-18
Pliocene ice-rafted debris, B5:1-6
Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary, B(synthesis):43
principal results, A1:16-17
site description, A7:1-82
Site 1093, A8:1-104
background and objectives, A8:1-2
bacteria, B3:1-12
biostratigraphy, A8:10-14
chronostratigraphy, A8:9-15
composite depths, A8:9-10
coring summary, A1:64-66
geochemistry, A8:15-18
ice core correlation with marine sediments, B(synthesis):19
lithostratigraphy, A8:6-9
Miocene diatom biostratigraphy, B11:9
opal, B2:1-5
operations, A8:2-6
oxygen isotope stratigraphy, B9:5; B12:4
paleomagnetism, A8:14
physical properties, A8:18-20
principal results, A1:17-18
site description, A8:1-104
summer sea-surface temperature, B(synthesis):46
wireline logging, A8:20-22
Site 1094, A9:1-73
background and objectives, A9:1-2
biostratigraphy, A9:8-11
chronostratigraphy, A9:7-12
composite depths, A9:7-8
coring summary, A1:67
geochemistry, A9:12-14
ice core correlation with marine sediments, B(synthesis):19
lithostratigraphy, A9:5-7
Miocene diatom biostratigraphy, B11:10
opal, B2:1-5
operations, A9:2-5
oxygen isotope stratigraphy, B9:5; B12:3-4
paleomagnetism, A9:11
physical properties, A9:14-16
principal results, A1:19-20
site description, A9:1-73
summer sea-surface temperature, B(synthesis):46
Skolithos, photograph, A5:35
slumping, lithologic units, A4:8
smear slide data, sediments, A3:22
smectite
lithologic units, A5:7
sediments, B13:1-10
sodium
pore water, A3:12; A6:13; A8:16
vs. depth, A3:33; A5:51; A6:43; A7:34; A8:50; A9:41
vs. volcanic ash, Vostok ice, B(synthesis):47
soft sediment deformation
lithologic units, A4:7
photograph, A4:35-37
vs. depth, A4:33
Southern Component Water, thermohaline circulation, B(synthesis):14-16
Southern Ocean
biosiliceous sediments, A8:15
coring summary, A1:54
hydrography, A1:6-7
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):43
paleoceanography, A1:1-67; B(synthesis):1-55
tectonics, A1:5-6
spherules, impact deposits, B4:1-9
splice tie points
Site 1089, A4:62; B9:22
Site 1090, A5:66
Site 1091, A6:56
Site 1092, A7:44
Site 1093, A8:72
Site 1094, A9:54
spliced records, vs. depth, A4:41
sponge spicules
distribution, A3:55-56; A5:83-88; A6:67-72; A7:60-71; A8:88-92; A9:63-64
lithologic units, A1:20-22
occurrence, A4:71-79
Pleistocene, A9:10
stable isotope stratigraphy, Neogene, B(synthesis): 3
stratification. See cross stratification
stratigraphy
Miocene-Pleistocene, B(synthesis): 3-5
Site 1090, B(synthesis):4-5
See also oxygen isotope stratigraphy; "Pacific-type" carbonate stratigraphy; stable isotope stratigraphy
strontium
comparison of profiles, A5:52
pore water, A3:12; A4:16-17; A5:20-21; A6:14; A7:15; A8:16-17; A9:13
vs. calcium, A5:53
vs. depth, A3:33; A4:48; A5:51; A6:43; A7:34; A8:50; A9:41
vs. magnesium, A5:53
strontium/calcium ratio, carbonate dissolution, B(synthesis):17
Subantarctic Front
hydrography, A1:6-7
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):44
Subantarctic Zone
hydrography, A1:6-7
transfer functions, B(synthesis):10-11
suboxic environment, pore water, A9:13
Subtropical Front
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):44
paleoceanography, B(synthesis):8
temperature, B14:8
sulfate
pore water, A4:16; A8:17
sediments, A3:12
vs. ammonium, A3:34
vs. depth, A1:48; A3:33; A4:47-48; A5:51; A6:43; A7:34; A8:50; A9:41
sulfate reduction, pore water, A4:17; A5:21; A7:15; A9:13
sulfur, total
sediments, A4:90-93; A5:22, 54, 96-97; A6:14-15, 79-80; A7:15, 79; A8:17, 99-100; A9:14, 70
vs. depth, A4:49; A6:44; A8:51; A9:42
surface water, orbital forcing, A1:9
surface water structure, climate change, B(synthesis):10-12

T

Tasmanian Gateway
paleoceanography, B(synthesis):19-23
terrigenous proxies, B(synthesis):6
tectonics
maps, Agulhas Basin, A1:40
millenial timescales, B(synthesis): 1-55
Paleocene-Eocene, A1:41
Southern Ocean, A1:5-6, 40; B(synthesis):1-55
temperature
sediments, A3:66; A4:97
vs. age, B(synthesis):39, 47
vs. depth, A4:56; A8:59-62; A9:46-48
vs. salinity, A1:42
vs. time, A3:42
temperature, sea-surface, climate change, B(synthesis):10-12
temperature, summer sea-surface
inversion layer, B(synthesis):45
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):43-46
Pleistocene, B14:1-23
vs. age, B(synthesis):45; B14:8
temperature oscillations, isotope event MI 3-4, B(synthesis):11
tephra
photograph, A5:38
vs. depth, A5:37
Termination I, oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):45
Termination II
glaciation, B(synthesis):11
oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):45
Termination V
marine isotope Stage 1, B(synthesis):12
marine isotopic Stage 12, A1:27
terrigenous component
vs. depth, A5:33
X-ray diffraction data, A5:62-63
terrigenous proxies, sedimentation, B(synthesis):6
Thalassiothrix, lithologic units, A1:22; A3:4-5
thermal conductivity
sediments, A3:65; A4:20, 95-96; A5:25, 99-101; A6:17, 82-84; A7:17-18, 81-82; A8:19-20, 102-104; A9:16, 72-73
vs. bulk density, A3:41; A4:55; A5:61; A6:51; A7:41; A8:58; A9:45
vs. depth, A4:55; A5:61; A6:51; A7:41; A8:58; A9:45
thermal differentiation, paleoclimatology, B(synthesis):7
thermal insolation, frontal systems, A1:8
thermohaline circulation, deep water, B(synthesis):14-16
thorium logs, vs. depth, A8:64
titanium
vs. depth, B1:6
See also aluminum/titanium ratio; iron/titanium ratio; phosphorus/titanium ratio
trace elements, sediments, B1:8-14
transfer functions, foraminifers, B(synthesis):21
transform faults, fracture zones, A1:5-6
tuff. See lappilli tuff
turbidite, photograph, A6:32
turbidity currents, lithologic units, A6:5

U

unconformities
biostratigraphy, A5:12
See also disconformities; erosional contacts; hiatuses; Miocene/Pliocene unconformity
upwelling, Circumpolar Deep Water, B(synthesis):11
uranium logs, vs. depth, A8:64
Uvigerina peregrina, Pleistocene, B14:21-23

V

velocity
vs. depth, A3:36; A4:50; A5:55; A6:46; A7:40; A8:57; A9:43
See also compressional wave velocity
volcanic ash
ice sheets, B(synthesis):13-14
lithologic units, A5:6
photograph, A9:30
vs. depth, A5:37
vs. sodium, Vostok ice, B(synthesis):47
See also welded ash
volcaniclastics
lithologic units, A8:7-8; A9:6-7
photograph, A8:37
See also lappilli tuff; tephra; volcanic ash; welded ash
Vostok ice, ice core correlation with marine sediments, B(synthesis):17-19, 46
Vostok ice deuterium, vs. oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):54

W

water content
carbonate content, B6:3
lithologic units, A9:6-7
sediments, A3:14; B6:20-22
vs. dry density, B6:12
Weddell Sea, Antarctic Bottom Water, A1:3
welded ash, lithologic units, A8:7-8
well-logging, A8:20-22
West Antarctic ice sheet, climate events, B(synthesis):39
wind transport. See eolian transport
winnowing
sedimentation rates, A7:13-14
sediments, A1:16
wireline logging, A8:20-22

X

X-ray diffraction data
lithologic units, A3:5, 43; A4:7, 57; A5:7, 62-63; A6:52; A7:42; A8:67-68
porcellanite, A9:29
sediments, A9:50

Y

Younger Dryas I, oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):45
Younger Dryas II, oxygen isotopes, B(synthesis):45

Z

zeolites. See clinoptilolite
Zoophycos
lithologic units, A3:5
photograph, A5:35

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