Figure F2. A. Vertical distribution of 13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (Kroopnick, 1985) in the world's oceans (after Charles and Fairbanks, 1992). B. Positions of Leg 177 sites relative to the distribution of 13C in the South Atlantic Ocean. Several Leg 177 studies have used benthic 13C to reconstruct changes in deepwater circulation. Note the tongue of NADW with high 13C values as it penetrates into the South Atlantic and inserts itself into Antarctic circumpolar flow. CDW = Circumpolar Deep Water, NADW = North Atlantic Deep Water (after Ninnemann and Charles, 2002).