Figure F8. Composite benthic delta18O record illustrating the major climatic events of the Cenozoic (modified after Zachos et al., 2001a). Also shown is the time span of selected Leg 177 postcruise studies and some of the major events in Southern Ocean paleoceanographic evolution inferred from these studies. NADW = North Atlantic Deep Water, S.O. = Southern Ocean, SOW = Southern Ocean Water, ACC = Antarctic Circumpolar Current. * = the delta18O temperature scale was calculated for an ice-free world and thus applies only to the time period older than ~35 Ma.

Figure F8. Composite benthic

¹⁸O record illustrating the major climatic events of the Cenozoic (modified after Zachos et al., 2001a). Also shown is the time span of selected Leg 177 postcruise studies and some of the major events in Southern Ocean paleoceanographic evolution inferred from these studies. NADW = North Atlantic Deep Water, S.O. = Southern Ocean, SOW = Southern Ocean Water, ACC = Antarctic Circumpolar Current. * = the

¹⁸O temperature scale was calculated for an ice-free world and thus applies only to the time period older than ~35 Ma.