Figure F3A shows the proportion of biogenic silica (mainly diatoms) in the upper 300 m of Site 1095. There are some clear long-term trends. Diatoms form 10%-15% of the upper Miocene sediment, increasing in the Pliocene, and peaking in abundance at ~4.3 Ma. There was a slow decline in abundance and preservation through the later Pliocene, to barren sediments in the early Pleistocene. In the upper 50 m of section (0-1.4 Ma), diatoms are cyclically common. These trends match well with the data on percentage of opal measured by Hillenbrand and Fütterer (Chap. 23, this volume), except that the chemical technique for determination of opal tends to leach silica from clay-rich sediments. Thus, Hillenbrand and Fütterer report ~5% of opal in samples that appear from smear slide analysis to be barren of diatoms.
Figure F3B shows the proportion of sand (see also Wolf-Welling et al., Chap. 15, this volume). The spikiness of these data reflects the sampling of meter-scale lithologic cycles; the massive, bioturbated, hemipelagic part of each cycle tends to be sandy and the laminated, turbiditic part sand free (assuming laminated turbidite sands were not sampled) (Shipboard Scientific Party, 1999). From 7 to 1.1 Ma the low values are near zero, whereas the high values decrease from 25% at 6.5 Ma to ~5% at 4 Ma, then increase again. From 1.1 to 0 Ma the low values are 3%-4% and the peaks are up to 16%.
Figure F4 shows fine fraction particle size distribution. All the samples are fine grained, with generally 60%-75% clay (finer than 4 µm). Unit I (Pleistocene) is the most clay-rich part of the section; the upper part of Unit II is siltier and has a coarser median diameter (Fig. F4B). Median diameter averages 9.7 
in the Pliocene and upper Miocene. Modal diameter (Fig. F4C) averages 8 in the upper part of the section; silt modes in the medium-coarse silt range are present in some Pliocene and Miocene samples. Sorting is poor to very poor and most samples are fine skewed (Fig. F4D, F4E).
