I thank the Shipboard Scientific Party and technical staff for their efforts in collecting and sampling the sediments obtained during Leg 178, especially in Palmer Deep. I extend my gratitude to the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) for permitting me to analyze the samples used for this report. Reviews by G. Cortese, P. Barker, and T. Ramsay greatly improved the manuscript. This research used samples and/or data provided by the ODP. ODP is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and participating countries under management of Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI), Inc. Funding for this research was provided by the United States Science Support Program, grant No. F000929 (Texas A&M Research Foundation).