This work was supported by grants from the JOI/US Science Advisory Committee for participation in ODP Legs 179 (Hammer Drilling and NERO). The manuscript benefited from helpful reviews by Y. Niu and an anonymous reviewer. The Scientific Shipboard Party petrologists J.F. Casey, D.J. Miller, Z.P. Guo, D.G. Rao, and T. Shibata to a large extent collected the basic data on which this paper is based and provided much stimulating shipboard discussions.
This research used samples and data provided by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). The ODP is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and participating countries under management of Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI), Inc.