Table T3. Petrographic features of sediments from Woodlark Basin northern margin Site 1109.

Age	Core, section, interval (cm)	Depth (mbsf)	Lithology	Matrix/Cement	Lithic fragments	Bioclasts	Organic carbon
	180-1109C-
Pleistocene	2H-4, 17-20	12.07	Clay
	4H-5, 81-83.5	33.21	Calcareous clayey silt
	4H-5, 85.5-88.5	33.26	Calcareous silty clay
middle to late Pliocene	5H-2, 115-117	38.55	Calcareous clayey siltstone
	5H-5, 29-31	42.19	Calcareous clay
	7H-3, 23-25	58.13	Calcareous clayey silt
	9H-6, 11.5-17.5	81.51	Calcareous clayey silt
	11H-7, 36-39	101.76	Foraminifer-rich sand
	12X-4, 115-118	108.05	Calcareous silty clay
	18X-1, 67-69	160.77	Calcareous sandy silt
	21X-CC, 40, 42	189.28	Packstone	Argillaceous		Benthic foraminifers, mollusks, bryozoans, echinoderms
	22X-2, 73-76	200.03	Calcareous silty clay
	24X-CC, 4-7	217.74	Sand
	27X-4, 67-71	251.87	Calcareous silty clay
	28X-1, 4-8	256.34	Wackestone			Benthic and planktonic foraminifers
	35X-5, 78-81	330.68	Calcareous silty clay
	37X-1, 112-114	344.21	Medium- to coarse-grained sandstone	Argillaceous/glassy	Andesites
	180-1109D-
	1R-2, 48-49	354.78	Medium-grained sandstone	Argillaceous/carbonatic		Planktonic foraminifers
early Pliocene to middle Pliocene	1R-2, 56-58	354.86	Medium-grained sandstone	Carbonatic matrix	Andesites	Foraminifers
	2R-2, 109-113	361.51	Fine- to medium-grained sandstone	Carbonatic matrix	Shards
	3R-2, 148-149	371.68	Fine-grained sandstone	Glassy	Shards
	4R-5, 59-62	383.36	Volcaniclastic sandy siltstone
	4R-7, 0-2	385.53	Fine-grained sandstone	Argillaceous/carbonatic	Andesites
	6R-2, 112-114	399.73	Fine-grained sandstone			Foraminifers
	8R-1, 54-58	417.04	Wackestone
	8R-3, 96-100	419.88	Wackestone and sandstone
	9R-5, 24-26	431.76	Calcareous clay
	10R-1, 132-134	436.95	Fine-grained sandstone
	10R-4, 95-98	440.70	Fine-grained sandstone			Foraminifers
	11R-3, 83-85	448.88	Fine-grained sandstone			Foraminifers
	12R-4, 95-97	459.82	Fine-grained sandstone	Glassy	Shards
	18R-4, 50-54	517.02	Calcareous silty claystone
	20R-2, 104-108	534.51	Fine-grained sandstone
	20R-5, 105-107	538.05	Siltstone		Andesites
	22R-1, 57-60	551.77	Siltstone	Argillaceous		Planktonic foraminifers
	22R-1, 102-104	552.22	Siltstone			Planktonic and benthic foraminifers, mollusks
	23R-1, 125-128	562.05	Calcareous silty claystone
	25R-6, 8-10	577.54	Packstone			Foraminifers, mollusks
	27R-1, 45-48	590.05	Packstone			Benthic foraminifers, mollusks
	27R-4, 64-68	593.73	Packstone-grainstone
	28R-1, 8-11	599.28	Boundstone			Mollusks
	30R-1, 6-10	618.56	Packstone-grainstone
	32R-2, 101-103	640.32	Grainstone		Andesites	Echinoderms, mollusks, bryozoans
	34R-1, 10-13	657.20	Packstone-grainstone
	34R-5, 62-65	663.00	Packstone			Planktonic and benthic shells
	35R-2, 122-125	669.04	Packstone-grainstone
?	36R-6, 51-54	684.41	Calcareous clayey siltstone	Pelitic/carbonatic		mollusks, benthic and planktonic foraminifers, echinoids
	37R-2, 104-105	688.52	Fine-grained sandstone	Pelitic
	38R-2, 12-18	697.10	Fine-grained sandstone	Glassy	Shards		X, as ribbons
	38R-2, 76-79	697.74	Lignite				X
	38R-4, 10-14	699.86	Fine-grained sandstone				X, as ribbons
	39R-2, 135-139	707.96	Claystone				X
	39R-3, 28-31	708.32	Fine-grained sandstone				X
	39R-3, 64-67	708.68	Fine- to medium-grained sandstone			Foraminifers	X, as ribbons
	43R-2, 0-3	744.92	Clayey siltstone
	43R-3, 65-69	746.46	Diabase?
	43R-3, 69-71	746.50	Diabase?
	44R-1, 6-8	753.66	Medium-grained sandstone	Argillaceous/glassy	Shards
	45R-1, 46-50	763.66	Orthoconglomerate	Sparry cement	Basalts, dolerites
	45R-1, 86-89	764.06	Orthoconglomerate	Carbonatic matrix	Basalts
	45R-1, 88-90	764.08	Conglomerate		Basalts, dolerites
	45R-1, 107-110	764.27	Orthoconglomerate	Carbonatic matrix	Basalts
	45R-2, 109-114	765.79	Orthoconglomerate	Glassy	Shards, basalts

Notes: Lithic fragments: gabbro includes olivine gabbro, oxide gabbro, and diorite compositions; basalt and dolerite refer to tholeiitic serial affinity; andesite includes calc-alkaline basalt andesite and andesite to quartz andesite; felsite refers to dacite and rhyolite compositions; trachyte includes lava clasts and glass with K-feldspar microliths; granophyre indicates fine-grained eutectic quartz-feldspar intergrowth; shards include ash fall tephra or prevalent glassy matrix in turbidites; volcanics include fragments of uncertain definition. Prh = prehnite, Pmp = pumpellyite, X = present.