 
 
Table T3.
Foraminiferal and bolboformid datums used during Leg 181.
 
  
   
 
   Age 
  
   (Ma)
  
   NZ 
  
   stage
  
   Foraminiferal
   event
   
  
   References
   
  
 
  
   
 
   ~0.2
  
   Wq
  
   FO Globorotalia
   cavernula
  
   Hornibrook (1982)
  
  
   
 
   0.34
  
   Wc/Wq
  
   Boundary
  
   Naish et al. (1998)
  
  
   
 
   0.45
  
   Wc
  
   FO Globorotalia
   hirsuta
  
   Pujol & Duprat (1983)
  
  
   
 
   0.62
  
   Wc
  
   LO Plectofrondicularia
   advena, P. pellucida
  
   Weinholz & Lutze
   (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~0.6
  
   Wc
  
   LO Globorotalia
   puncticuloides
  
   Hornibrook (1982);
   Hornibrook & Jenkins (1994), modified this leg
  
  
   
 
   ~0.7
  
   Wc
  
   FCO Globorotalia
   inflata in subantarctic
  
   Hornibrook & Jenkins
   (1994), modified this leg
  
  
   
 
   ~0.7
  
   Wc
  
   LCO Globorotalia
   puncticuloides
  
   Hornibrook & Jenkins
   (1994), modified this leg
  
  
   
 
   ~0.8
  
   Wc
  
   FO Globorotalia
   truncatulinoides in subantarctic
  
   Scott et al. (1990);
   Hornibrook & Jenkins (1994), modified this leg
  
  
   
 
   ~1
  
   Wc
  
   LO Globorotalia
   tosaensis s.s. morphotypes
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   1.07
  
   Wn/Wc
  
   Boundary
  
   Naish et al. (1998)
  
  
   
 
   ~1.1
  
   Wn/Wc
  
   LO Haeuslerella
   pliocenica
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   1.81
  
   
   
  
   Pliocene/Pleistocene
   boundary
  
   Ogg et al. (1998)
  
  
   
 
   2.1
  
   Wn
  
   LO Globorotalia
   crassaformis (dextral)
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   ~2.5
  
   Wn
  
   FO Globorotalia
   crassacarina
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   2.58
  
   Wm/Wn
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996);
   Naish et al. (1998)
  
  
   
 
   2.6
  
   Wm/Wn
  
   FO Globorotalia
   crassula
  
   Scott et al. (1990);
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   3.0
  
   Wp/Wm
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   3.0
  
   Wp/Wm
  
   FO Globorotalia
   crassaformis (dextral)
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   3.0
  
   Wp/Wm
  
   FO Globorotalia
   tosaensis
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   3.0
  
   Wp/Wm
  
   LO Globorotalia
   crassaconica
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   3.2
  
   Wp
  
   LO Globorotalia
   praehirsuta
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   3.4
  
   Wp
  
   LO Globorotalia
   subconomiozea
  
   Scott et al. (1990);
   Hornibrook (1982)
  
  
   
 
   3.4
  
   Wp
  
   LO Globorotalia
   pliozea
  
   Hornibrook (1982)
  
  
   
 
   3.6
  
   u Wp
  
   FO Globorotalia
   puncticuloides
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   3.6
  
   Wp
  
   FO Globorotalia
   praehirsuta
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   3.6
  
   Wo/Wp
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   3.6
  
   Wo/Wp
  
   LO Hopkinsina mioindex
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989);
   Boersma (1986)
  
  
   
 
   3.6
  
   Wo/Wp
  
   LO Uvigerina hispida
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989);
   Boersma (1986)
  
  
   
 
   3.6
  
   Wo/Wp
  
   FO Globorotalia
   inflata triangula
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   3.6
  
   Wo/Wp
  
   LCO Globorotalia
   pliozea
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   3.7
  
   Wo
  
   FO Globorotalia
   inflata
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   3.7
  
   Wo
  
   LO Globorotalia
   puncticulata s.s.
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   4.2
  
   Wo
  
   LO Zeaglobigerina
   nepenthes
  
   Berggren et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   4.3
  
   Wo
  
   LO Globorotalia
   margaritae
  
   Ogg et al. (1998)
  
  
   
 
   ~4.7
  
   Wo
  
   FO Globorotalia
   crassaconica
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   ~4.8
  
   Wo
  
   LO Globorotalia mons
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   5.2
  
   
   
  
   Miocene/Pliocene boundary
  
   
   
  
  
   
 
   5.2
  
   Tk/Wo
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   5.2
  
   Tk/Wo
  
   FO Globorotalia
   puncticulata s.s.
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   5.2
  
   Tk/Wo
  
   LO Globorotalia
   sphericomiozea
  
   Scott et al. (1990);
   Hornibrook and Jenkins (1994)
  
  
   
 
   5.2
  
   Tk/Wo
  
   LO Globorotalia juanai
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   5.2
  
   Tk/Wo
  
   FO Globorotalia
   crassaformis
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   5.4
  
   Tk/Wo
  
   FO Globorotalia
   margaritae
  
   Scott et al. (1990);
   Srinivasan and Sinha (1992)
  
  
   
 
   5.4
  
   Tk
  
   FO Globorotalia
   pliozea
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   5.5
  
   Tk
  
   FO Globorotalia mons
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   5.6
  
   l/u Tk
  
   FO Globorotalia
   sphericomiozea
  
   Morgans et al. (1996);
   Roberts et al. (1994)
  
  
   
 
   5.6
  
   l/u Tk
  
   LO Globorotalia
   miotumida
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   ~6.6
  
   Tt/Tk
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   ~6.6
  
   Tt/Tk
  
   FO Bolivinita pliozea
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   ~6.6
  
   u Tk
  
   FO Globorotalia juanai
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   ~7
  
   u Tk
  
   LO Bolboforma
   pentaspinosa
  
   Grützmacher (1993)
  
  
   
 
   ~8
  
   u Tt
  
   LO Rectuvigerina
   ongleyi
  
   Boersma (1986); Hornibrook
   et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   9.2
  
   Tt
  
   FCO Neogloboquadrina
   pachyderma
  
   Berggren (1992)
  
  
   
 
   9.9
  
   u/l Tt
  
   LO Globoquadrina
   dehiscens
  
   Morgans et al. (1996);
   Wright and Vella (1988); M. Crundwell, p.c. (1999)
  
  
   
 
   10.0
  
   l Tt
  
   LO Globorotalia
   miotumida (dextral)
  
   M. Crundwell, p.c. (1999)
  
  
   
 
   10.1
  
   l Tt
  
   FO Globorotalia
   miotumida (dextral)
  
   M. Crundwell, p.c. (1999)
  
  
   
 
   
  
   
   
  
   (Tukemokihi coiling event)
  
   
   
  
  
   
 
   ~10.3
  
   l Tt
  
   LO Globorotalia
   panda
  
   Scott et al. (1990); Scott
   (1995)
  
  
   
 
   ~10.5
  
   l Tt
  
   LO Orbulina suturalis
  
   Jenkins (1967)
  
  
   
 
   ~10.7
  
   l Tt
  
   LO Globorotalia
   miotumida (dextral)
  
   Scott (1995); M. Crundwell,
   p.c. (1999)
  
  
   
 
   ~10.5
  
   l Tt
  
   LO Bolboforma
   subfragoris
  
   Grützmacher (1993)
  
  
   
 
   ~11
  
   lTt
  
   LO Neogloboquadrina
   continuosa
  
   Kennett & Srinivasan
   (1983)
  
  
   
 
   10.9
  
   l Tt
  
   FO Globorotalia
   miotumida (dextral)
  
   Scott (1995); M. Crundwell,
   p.c. (1999)
  
  
   
 
   
  
   
   
  
   (Kaiti event)
  
   
   
  
  
   
 
   10.9
  
   l Tt
  
   LO Paragloborotalia
   mayeri
  
   Scott (1995); M. Crundwell,
   p.c. (1999)
  
  
   
 
   11.3
  
   Sw/Tt
  
   FO Neogloboquadrina
   pachyderma
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989);
   Scott, p.c. (1999)
  
  
   
 
   11.3
  
   Sw/Tt
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   11.3
  
   Sw/Tt
  
   FO Bolivinita pohana
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   11.5
  
   u Sw
  
   FO Bolboforma
   pentaspinosa
  
   Grützmacher (1993)
  
  
   
 
   11.5
  
   u Sw
  
   FO Bolboforma
   subfragoris
  
   Grützmacher (1993)
  
  
   
 
   11.5
  
   u Sw
  
   FO Globorotalia
   scitula
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   11.8
  
   u Sw
  
   FO Globigerina
   nepenthes
  
   Ogg et al. (1998)
  
  
   
 
   13
  
   Sl/Sw
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   13
  
   Sl/Sw
  
   LO Globorotalia
   conica
  
   Morgans et al. (1996);
   Scott (1991)
  
  
   
 
   13
  
   Sl/Sw
  
   LO Globorotalia amuria
  
   Morgans et al. (1996);
   Scott (1991)
  
  
   
 
   13
  
   Sl/Sw
  
   LO Fohsella
   peripheroronda
  
   Morgans et al. (1996);
   Scott (1991)
  
  
   
 
   13.2
  
   Sl
  
   FCO Paragloborotalia
   mayeri s.s.
  
   Scott (1991); Scott et al.
   (1990)
  
  
   
 
   ~13.2
  
   Sl
  
   FO Globorotalia
   miotumida
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   ~13.2
  
   Sl
  
   LO Globorotalia
   praemenardii
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   ~13.2
  
   Sl
  
   LO Globigerinoides
   bisphericus
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~14.5
  
   l Sl
  
   FO Orbulina universa
  
   Scott, p.c. (1999)
  
  
   
 
   14.8
  
   l Sl
  
   LO Praeorbulina
   glomerosa
  
   Berggren et al. (1995)
  
  
   
 
   14.8
  
   l Sl
  
   LO Praeorbulina
   circularis
  
   Kennett and Srinivasan
   (1983)
  
  
   
 
   15
  
   Sl
  
   FO Globorotalia panda
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   15.1
  
   Sc/Sl
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   15.1
  
   Sc/Sl
  
   FO Orbulina suturalis
  
   Berggren et al. (1995);
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   ~15.1
  
   Sc
  
   LO Rectuvigerina
   rerensis
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989);
   Boersma (1986)
  
  
   
 
   15.6
  
   mSc
  
   FO Praeorbulina
   circularis
  
   Jenkins (1967); Kennett
   and Srinivasan (1983)
  
  
   
 
   15.8
  
   Sc
  
   FO Globorotalia
   praemenardii
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   15.9
  
   Sc
  
   LO Globorotalia miozea
   s.s.
  
   Scott et al. (1990);
   Berggren (1992)
  
  
   
 
   ~16
  
   Sc
  
   FO Globorotalia conica
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   16
  
   Sc
  
   FO Paragloborotalia
   mayeri
  
   Scott et al. (1991)
  
  
   
 
   16.3
  
   Pl/Sc
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   16.3
  
   Pl/Sc
  
   FO Praeorbulina curva
  
   Berggren et al. (1985);
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   16.3
  
   Pl/Sc
  
   LO Globorotalia
   zealandica
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   16.3
  
   Pl/Sc
  
   LO Paragloborotalia
   bella
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   16.4
  
   u Pl
  
   FO Planulina
   wuellerstorfi
  
   Boersma (1986)
  
  
   
 
   16.4
  
   u Pl
  
   LO Catapsydrax
   stainforthi
  
   Kennett and Srinivasan
   (1983)
  
  
   
 
   16.7
  
   m/u Pl
  
   FO Globorotalia miozea
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   16.7
  
   m/u Pl
  
   LO Globorotalia
   praescitula
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   16.7
  
   m/u Pl
  
   LCO Globorotalia
   zealandica
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   ~17
  
   u Pl
  
   FO Globigerinoides
   bisphericus
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~17
  
   u Pl
  
   FO Fohsella
   peripheronda
  
   Scott et al. (1990)
  
  
   
 
   ~17
  
   m Pl
  
   Reappearance Globoquadrina
   dehiscens
  
   Scott et al. (1995)
  
  
   
 
   ~17.8
  
   m Pl
  
   LO Catapsydrax
   dissimilis
  
   Morgans et al., unpubl.
   data
  
  
   
 
   ~18.5
  
   m Pl
  
   FO Sphaeroidinellopsis
   disjuncta
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~18.6
  
   l/m Pl
  
   Local disappearance Globoquadrina
   dehiscens
  
   Scott et al. (1995)
  
  
   
 
   18.6
  
   l/m Pl
  
   FO Globorotalia
   zealandica
  
   Morgans et al., unpubl.
   data
  
  
   
 
   18.5
  
   l/m Pl
  
   LO Globorotalia
   incognita
  
   Morgans et al., unpubl.
   data
  
  
   
 
   ~19
  
   l Pl
  
   FO Globigerinoides
   trilobus
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~19
  
   l Pl
  
   FO Globorotalia bella
  
   Morgans et al., unpubl.
   data
  
  
   
 
   19
  
   Po/Pl
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al., unpubl.
   data
  
  
   
 
   19
  
   Po/Pl
  
   FO Globorotalia
   praescitula
  
   Morgans et al., unpubl.
   data
  
  
   
 
   21.6
  
   Po
  
   FO Globorotalia
   incognita
  
   Scott et al. (1990);
   Berggren (1992)
  
  
   
 
   22
  
   l Po
  
   FO Spiroloculina
   novozealandica
  
   Morgans et al., in press
  
  
   
 
   22.1
  
   Lw/Po
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al., in press
  
  
   
 
   22.1
  
   Lw/Po
  
   FO Ehrenbergina
   marwicki
  
   Morgans et al., in press
  
  
   
 
   ~22.2
  
   l Lw
  
   FO Zeaglobigerina
   connecta
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   22.5
  
   l Lw
  
   LO Globigerina
   brazieri
  
   Morgans et al., in press
  
  
   
 
   22.5
  
   l/u Lw
  
   LO Globigerina
   euapertura
  
   Morgans et al., in press
  
  
   
 
   ~23
  
   Lw
  
   FO Zeaglobigerina
   woodi
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   23.8
  
   
   
  
   Oligocene/Miocene Boundary
  
   
   
  
  
   
 
   24
  
   l Lw
  
   FO Globigerina
   brazieri
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~25
  
   l Lw
  
   FO Rectuvigerina
   rerensis
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989);
   Boersma (1986)
  
  
   
 
   25
  
   Ld/Lw
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   25
  
   Ld/Lw
  
   FO Globoquadrina
   dehiscens
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   27.1
  
   Lwh/Ld
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   27.1
  
   Lwh/Ld
  
   LO Paragloborotalia
   opima opima
  
   Berggren et al. (1995)
  
  
   
 
   27.1
  
   Lwh/Ld
  
   FO Notorotalia spinosa
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989);
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   27
  
   Lwh/Ld
  
   LO Rotaliatina
   sulcigera
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   28.5
  
   u Lwh
  
   LO Jenkinsina samwelli
  
   Jenkins & Srinivasan
   (1986)
  
  
   
 
   28.5
  
   u Lwh
  
   LCO Chiloguembelina
   cubensis
  
   Li et al. (1992)
  
  
   
 
   29.7
  
   u Lwh
  
   FO Tenuitellinata
   juvenilis
  
   Li et al. (1992)
  
  
   
 
   30
  
   l/u Lwh
  
   LO Subbotina
   angiporoides
  
   Berggren (1992); Morgans
   et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   30.3
  
   l Lwh
  
   LO Turborotalia
   ampliapertura
  
   Ogg et al. (1998)
  
  
   
 
   30.6
  
   l Lwh
  
   FO Paragloborotalia
   opima opima
  
   Berggren et al. (1995)
  
  
   
 
   ~32
  
   l Lwh
  
   FO Tenuitella munda
  
   Jenkins & Srinivasan
   (1986); Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~32
  
   l Lwh
  
   LCO Paragloborotalia
   gemma
  
   Jenkins & Srinivasan
   (1986); Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~32
  
   l Lwh
  
   LO Globigerina brevis
  
   Jenkins & Srinivasan
   (1986); Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~33
  
   l Lwh
  
   LO Uvigerina bortotara
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989);
   Boersma (1986)
  
  
   
 
   ~33.5
  
   l Lwh
  
   LO Pseudohastigerina
   micra
  
   Jenkins & Srinivasan
   (1986); Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~33.5
  
   l Lwh
  
   LO Globorotalia
   insolita
  
   Jenkins & Srinivasan
   (1986); Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   33.7
  
   
   
  
   Eocene/Oligocene Boundary
  
   
   
  
  
   
 
   ~34
  
   l Lwh
  
   LO Cibicidoides parki
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   34.3
  
   Ar/Lwh
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   34.3
  
   Ar/Lwh
  
   LO Nuttallides
   truempyi
  
   van Morkhoven et al.
   (1986)
  
  
   
 
   34.3
  
   Ar/Lwh
  
   LO Globigerinatheka
   index
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   ~34.8
  
   Ar
  
   LO Ponticulasphaera
   semiinvoluta
  
   Jenkins (1967)
  
  
   
 
   ~35
  
   Ar
  
   FO Paragloborotalia
   gemma
  
   Jenkins & Srinivasan
   (1986); Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~35
  
   Ar
  
   FO Globigerina
   brevis
  
   Jenkins & Srinivasan
   (1986); Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   35.5
  
   Ar
  
   FO Turborotalia
   ampliapertura
  
   Jenkins & Srinivasan
   (1986); Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   35.5
  
   Ak/Ar
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   35.5
  
   Ak/Ar
  
   FO Sphaeroidina
   bulloides
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   35.5
  
   Ak/Ar
  
   FO Bolivina pontis
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   37
  
   Ab/Ak
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   42
  
   Dp/Ab
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   42
  
   Dp/Ab
  
   FO Globigerinatheka
   index s.s.
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   55.5
  
   
   
  
   Paleocene/Eocene Boundary
  
   
   
  
  
   
 
   55.5
  
   Dt/Dw
  
   Boundary
  
   Morgans et al. (1996)
  
  
   
 
   ~55.5
  
   Dt/Dw
  
   LO Rzehakina epigona
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~55.5
  
   Dt/Dw
  
   LO Spiroplectammina
   spectabilis
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~55.5
  
   Dt/Dw
  
   LO Conotrochammina
   whangaia
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~55.5
  
   Dt/Dw
  
   LO Alabamina creta
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~55.5
  
   Dt/Dw
  
   LO Nuttallides
   florealis
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~55.5
  
   Dt/Dw
  
   LO Valvulineria
   teuriensis
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~63
  
   Dt
  
   FO Allomorphina conica
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
 
   ~63
  
   Dt
  
   FO Nuttallides
   carinotruempyi
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
  
   
   ~63
  
   Dt
  
   FO Nuttallides
   florealis
  
   Hornibrook et al. (1989)
  
Note: FO = first occurrence, LO = last occurrence, FCO = first common occurrence, p.c. = personal communication. For other abbreviations, see Figure F7. This table is also available in ASCII format.
