SUBJECT INDEX (continued)

M

Maastrichtian, foraminifers, A8:19

Macquarie Ridge

currents, A1:5

upper Neogene, B1:53

magnesium

pore water, A3:23; A4:19; A5:20–21; A6:29; A7:39; A8:31; A9:21

vs. depth, A3:54; A4:40; A5:46; A6:73; A7:93–94; A8:75; A9:49

magnesium/calcium ratio

pore water, A3:23–24

vs. depth, A3:55

magnetic inclination

sediments, A3:19–20; A7:26–27; A9:17

vs. depth, A3:46–47; A5:39–40; A6:62; A7:81, 88; A8:62–65; A9:40–41

magnetic intensity

lithologic units, A1:33

sediments, A9:16–17

vs. depth, A3:46–47; A4:33; A5:39–40; A6:61; A8:61; A9:39

magnetic polarity

age models, A6:66–67; A8:66–67

biostratigraphy, A6:66–67

correlation, A5:44

magnetostratigraphy, A8:25–27

sediments, A9:17

vs. age, A7:82

vs. depth, A9:41

magnetic reversals

Chron 6r, A1:10

lithologic units, A1:14; A1:17

magnetic susceptibility

composite depths, A3:20–21; A4:16–17

sediments, A3:19–20; A4:15–16; A6:21–22; A7:26–27; A9:22

vs. depth, A3:46–47, 50, 52, 60; A4:33, 36–37, 39, 43; A5:39–40, 49; A6:61, 68–69, 71, 79–80; A7:81, 83–85, 87–88, 100–101, 106, 109; A8:61, 68–70, 72–73, 79; A9:42–45, 47, 50

magnetic susceptibility logs, vs. depth, A3:66, 68–69; A7:106, 109; A8:83, 85, 87

magnetostratigraphy

age, A7:159; A8:121

age models, A6:66–67; A7:34–36

composite record, A7:73–78

correlation, A5:44

lithologic units, A1:22, 30

magnetic polarity, A7:28–32

sediments, A6:22–23; A8:24–27

Unit I, A5:17

Unit II, A5:17–18

vs. depth, A8:62–65

major elements, sediments, B1:27–28

manganese

pore water, B5:1–5

vs. depth, B5:4

manganese, dissolved, boreholes, B1:28; B5:1–5

manganese nodules, lithologic units, A1:19–20

Mangapanian, foraminifers, A7:18; A8:19; A9:12, 14

marine isotope Stage 2, ice-rafted debris, B1:36–37

marine isotope Stage 3

biostratigraphy, B1:19

ice-rafted debris, B1:36–37

marine isotope Stage 3.2, biostratigraphy, B1:19

marine isotope Stage 5

ice-rafted debris, B1:36–37

Subtropical Front, B1:37

marine isotope Stage 7, Subtropical Front, B1:37

marine isotope Stage 8, unconformities, B1:13

marine isotope Stage 9, Subtropical Front, B1:37

marine isotope Stage 22, paleoclimatology, B1:34

marine isotope Stages 1–6, lithologic units, A4:7

marine isotope Stages 1–8, age models, B1:13

marine isotope Stages 1–9, oxygen isotopes, B1:29

marine isotope Stages 2–4, biostratigraphy, B1:19

marine isotope Stages 6–10, oxygen isotopes, B1:29–31

marine isotope Stages 7–6, ice-rafted debris, B1:36–37

marine isotope Stages 8.5–11, sediments, B1:13

marine isotope Stages 27–12, biostratigraphy, B1:23

marine isotope stages, oxygen isotopes, B1:29–31

marine sedimentation

lithologic units, A1:20–23

Oligocene–Holocene, A1:7–9

Marshall Paraconformity

Cenozoic, B1:11, 14, 41–42, 107

Chondrites, B1:107

Eocene–Oligocene biostratigraphy, B1:16

Eocene/Oligocene boundary, B1:42–45

foraminifers, A8:17, 19

lithologic units, A1:29–30; A7:8–9, 11, 14; A8:7, 9–10; B1:15; B3:2–3

magnetostratigraphy, A8:27, 29

nannofossil biostratigraphy, B2:1–22

photograph, A7:67; A8:55; B2:13

Powell Basin, B1:45–47

thermohaline circulation, B1:55–56

mass accumulation rates, bulk

sediments, B1:102,104; B3:11–19

vs. age, B3:9

mass accumulation rates, carbonate, sediments, B1:102, 104

mass accumulation rates, terrigenous, sediments, B1:102, 104; B3:11–19

Matuyama Chron

lithologic units, A1:30

magnetic polarity, A7:28–32; A9:17

magnetostratigraphy, A6:22; A8:25–27

nannofossil biostratigraphy, A3:11

See also Brunhes/Matuyama boundary

Messinian, diatom dissolution, A9:15

metagraywacke, erosion, B1:27

methane

lithologic units, A1:33

sediments, A3:24; A4:20; A5:22; A6:30–31; A7:40; A8:33

sulfate reduction, A6:29

vs. depth, A3:56; A6:74; A9:49

methane/ethane ratio, sediments, A3:24

methanogenesis, pore water, A9:19–20

Mi3b cooling phases, paleoclimatology, B1:34

mica

lithologic units, A4:6; A7:10; A8:10

vs. depth, A3:39

well-logs, A7:46

microbial activity, pore water, A3:23–24

micropaleontology, biostratigraphy, B1:59–60

Middle Pleistocene Transition

benthic foraminifers, B1:20–21

oxygen isotopes, B1:34

planktonic foraminifers, B1:23

Milankovitch cycles

lithologic units, A1:24; A9:7–8; B1:47, 56–57

major elements, B1:27–28

volcanism, B1:25–26

Miocene

biostratigraphy, A4:8–15; A6:13–17

debris flows, A7:11–12

Drake (Powell) Passage opening, B1:46

foraminifers, A7:18–20; A8:17

inorganic geochemistry, B9:1–10

lithologic units, A1:33; A4:6; A7:6–9

Mi3b cooling phases, B1:34

paleoclimatology, B1:5, 48–51

radiolarians, A7:23–24

sand, A1:22

sedimentation, B3:1–21

See also Eocene–Holocene interval; Oligocene–Miocene interval; Oligocene/Miocene boundary

Miocene, lower

Chron 6r, A1:10

inorganic geochemistry, B9:6

lithologic units, A6:9; A8:6–7

major elements, B1:27–28

nannofossils, A7:16

sedimentation, B1:32

Miocene, lower/middle boundary, biostratigraphy, A4:11

Miocene, middle

inorganic geochemistry, B9:6

lithologic units, A6:8–9

major elements, B1:27–28

paleoclimatology, B1:5

Miocene, middle–upper, nannofossils, A7:15–16

Miocene, middle/upper boundary

biostratigraphy, A9:11

nannofossils, A7:15

Miocene, upper

bolboforms and planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy, B1:17, 94

carbonate dissolution, B1:21

foraminifers, A9:13–14

lithologic units, A4:5; A8:6; A9:5–7

Miocene–Holocene interval, clay mineralogy, B1:26–27

Miocene–Pliocene interval, volcanism, B1:23–26

Miocene/Pliocene boundary

nannofossils, A7:15; A8:13

silicoflagellates, A7:22

mixed-layer minerals

sediments, B3:5–6, 20–21

vs. age, B3:10

mollusks

abundance, A3:96

lithologic units, A3:5–6

paleoenvironment, A3:18

mottling, lithologic units, A5:4–5

mud

petrophysical properties, B1:31

thickness, A6:97–115

mud waves, lithologic units, A1:24

mudstone

lithologic units, A7:9; A8:7–8

photograph, A7:67; A8:55

tectonics, A1:4

mudstone, brown, Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, A8:39

mudstone, nannofossil-bearing, lithologic units, A8:8–9; A9:5–6

mudstone, zeolitic, lithologic units, A1:29

N

nannofossils

abundance, A3:88; A4:58; A5:56; A6:116–119; A7:134–137; A8:103–106; A9:78–79; B2:16–19

age vs. depth, A7:71

biostratigraphic datums, A4:57; A8:60; A9:80; B2:12

Cenozoic biostratigraphy, B1:18–19

datums and age, A7:138; A8:107

dissolution, A8:13

Eocene–Oligocene biostratigraphy, B1:16

lithologic units, A1:13, 19–20; A3:8; A4:4–7; A8:8

paleoclimatology, B1:48–51

Pliocene–Pleistocene biostratigraphy, B1:17–18

zonation, B2:4

nannofossils, calcareous

biostratigraphy, A3:11–12; A4:9–10, 13; A5:9–10; A6:13–15; A7:14–17; A8:13–15; A9:10–12; B2:1–22

paleoenvironment, A3:15; A4:13

Neogene

chalk, B1:57

diatoms, A7:21–22

fragmentation index, B1:96

inorganic geochemistry, B9:1–10

nannofossils, A8:13–14

paleoenvironment, A7:25–26; A8:21–22; A9:15–16

sedimentation, B3:1–21

sedimentation rates, B1:96

silicoflagellates, A7:21–22

standard sections, A1:26

volcanism, A1:27–31

Neogene, upper

sediment sources, B1:51–54

volcanism, B1:23–26

Neothyris, lithologic units, A3:5

neutron porosity logs

correlation, A7:46

vs. density porosity, A9:57

vs. depth, A7:108

New Zealand

dissolved manganese, B5:1–5

evolution, B1:1–111

geologic cross section, A1:43

sedimentation, A1:6–7

See also Eastern New Zealand Oceanic Sedimentary System

New Zealand E

evolution, B1:1–111

geology, B1:4–5

micropaleontology, B1:59–60

oceanic sedimentary record, A1:7–9; A5:8

phytoplankton stratigraphy, B1:18–19

New Zealand midcontinent, plate tectonics, A1:3

New Zealand plate boundary, sedimentation, B1:40

New Zealand Plateau, paleotemperature, B1:41

nickel/aluminum ratio, vs. age, B9:5

nitrogen, total, sediments, A3:107–109; A4:74–75; A5:61; A6:141–143; A7:177–179; A8:133–134

nodules, chert, photograph, A5:34

nodules, ferromanganese

beryllium isotopes, B1:13–14

lithologic units, A1:19–20; A5:4–6

photograph, A5:32

nodules, phosphate, sedimentation, B1:8

North Atlantic Deep Water, currents, A1:5; B1:10

North Island, plate boundaries, A1:4

North Island plate boundary, post-middle Miocene volcanic supply, B1:48

North Pacific Deep Water, currents, A1:4–5

Nukumaruan

biostratigraphy, A4:10

foraminifers, A7:18; A8:19; A9:12, 14

lithologic units, A1:14

nannofossil biostratigraphy, A3:13–14

Nunivak Subchron, magnetic polarity, A7:28

O

obliquity

lithologic units, B1:47

paleoclimatology, B1:33–34

time series, B1:103

ocean circulation

Marshall Paraconformity, B1:55–56

paleoceanography, A1:3

paleoclimatology, B1:48–51

Subtropical Front, B1:38

See also thermohaline circulation

ocean fronts

currents, A1:41, 45; B1:1–111

intermediate water, B1:57

paleoclimatology, B1:48–51, 106

See also Subtropical Front

Olduvai Normal Event, nannofossils, A7:15

Olduvai Subchron

magnetic polarity, A7:28; A9:17

magnetostratigraphy, A6:22–23; A8:25

nannofossil biostratigraphy, A3:12

Oligocene

Drake (Powell) Passage opening, B1:46

erosion, B1:56

foraminifers, A8:17–18

lithologic units, A7:9

Marshall Paraconformity, B1:41–42

nannofossil biostratigraphy, B2:1–22

paleoclimatology, B1:5, 48–51

paleoenvironment, A8:22–23

paleoceanography, A1:1–80

sediment drift, B1:56–57

sediments, B3:1–21

See also Eocene–Holocene interval; Eocene–Oligocene interval; Eocene/Oligocene boundary; Oligocene–Miocene interval

Oligocene, lower

inorganic geochemistry, B9:6

lithologic units, A8:7

major elements, B1:27–28

nannofossils, A7:16–17; B2:1–22

Oligocene, middle, lithologic units, A1:24

Oligocene, upper

drift deposits, B1:45

foraminifers, A8:17

lithologic units, A8:7

paleoenvironment, A8:21–22

Oligocene–Miocene interval, paleoceanography, A1:1–80

Oligocene/Miocene boundary, magnetostratigraphy, A8:26

Omataroa Tephra, stratigraphy, A7:13

ooze

burial curve, A7:92

lithologic units, A1:21–23, 29; A4:5–7

tectonics, A1:4

upper Neogene, B1:51–54

ooze, calcareous biogenic, lithologic units, A1:16–18

ooze, clay-bearing nannofossil, lithologic units, A8:5–6

ooze, clayey nannofossil, lithologic units, A7:5–7; A9:4–6; B3:2–3

ooze, diatomaceous, lithologic units, A5:5–6

ooze, foraminifer nannofossil, lithologic units, A4:4–5

ooze, nannofossil, lithologic units, A1:17–18, 21–23; A4:6; A5:5–6; A7:5–7; A8:5–6; A9:5–6

ooze, nannofossil foraminifer, lithologic units, A4:4–5

opal, biogenic

sediments, B1:29; B6:1–12

vs. depth, B6:6–7

Opoitian

foraminifers, A8:16, 19; A9:12, 14

nannofossil biostratigraphy, A3:13

organic matter

degradation, A3:23–24; A5:20

oxidation, A8:32

pyrolysis, A7:180

sources, A3:25; A6:31; A7:41; A8:33

sulfate reduction, B7:1–15

Oruanui eruption, volcanism, B1:25–26

Otaian, foraminifers, A7:21; A8:17

Otakou Group, Miocene–Holocene interval, A1:7, 11

overburden pressure. See shear strength/overburden pressure ratio

oxidation, organic matter, A8:32

oxygen index

organic matter, A7:41

vs. hydrogen index, A7:98

oxygen isotopes

benthic foraminifers, B1:35; B10:1–20

Eocene/Oligocene boundary, B1:42–45

marine isotope stages, B1:29–31, 105

middle Pleistocene transition, B1:34

vs. age, B9:5

vs. depth, B1:101; B10:5–6

oxygen minimum zone

benthic foraminifers, B1:21

foraminifers, B1:21

P

Pacific Deep Western Boundary Current, paleoceanography, A7:1–184

Pacific Ocean SW

biogenic opal, B6:1–12

carbonates, B4:1–50

dissolved manganese, B5:1–5

evolution, B1:1–111

paleoceanography, A1:1–80

sea-surface height, B1:83

stable isotopes, B10:1–20

sulfate reduction, B1:28; B7:1–15

Pacific Plate, plate boundaries, A1:4

Palaeophycus, lithologic units, A1:16; A4:6; A5:5; A7:8, 11; A8:5, 8–9

paleoceanography

benthic foraminifers, B1:20–21

carbonates, B1:36

Cenozoic, B1:6–7

Eocene/Oligocene boundary, B1:42–45

ice-rafted debris, B1:36–37

lithologic units, A5:6–8

marine isotope stages, B1:29–31

Miocene–Oligocene, A1:1–80

paleoclimatology, B1:48–51

paleoenvironment, A5:13

Pliocene–Quaternary interval, B1:22–23

seismic evidence, A6:26–27

Subtropical Front, B1:37–38

Paleocene

benthic foraminifers, A8:111

biostratigraphy, A5:8–15

carbonates, B1:27

foraminifers, A5:57; A8:18

lithologic units, A5:5–6

paleoclimatology, B1:5

paleoenvironment, A8:23

radiolarian biostratigraphy, B1:15–16

Paleocene, lower, lithologic units, A8:8

Paleocene/Eocene boundary, marine isotope stages, B1:30

Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum, benthic foraminifers, B1:19–20, 105

paleocirculation, Pliocene–Quaternary interval, B1:22–23

paleoclimatology

Cenozoic, B1:5, 105

ocean circulation, B1:48–51

Pliocene sea-surface temperature, B1:21–22

Pliocene–Pleistocene palynomorphs, B1:22

summary diagram, B1:85

volcanism, B1:25–26

paleodepth, age models, A7:36–37

paleoenvironment

biostratigraphy, A3:15–18; A4:13–15; A5:13–15; A6:17–20; A7:25–26

magnetostratigraphy, A6:23–24

Neogene, A9:15–16

paleoceanography, A5:13

paleoflow, currents, A1:6–7

Paleogene

biostratigraphy, A8:59

carbonate content, B8:1–5

foraminifers, A7:20

nannofossils, A8:14–15

paleoenvironment, A7:25–26

radiolarians, A7:24–25

tectonics, A1:4

See also Cretaceous–Paleogene interval

paleogeography, Pacific Ocean SW, A1:1–80

paleomagnetism

Site 1119, A3:18–20

Site 1120, A4:15–16

Site 1121, A5:15–18

Site 1122, A6:20–24

Site 1123, A7:26–32; B1:91

Site 1124, A8:23–27

Site 1125, A9:16–17

paleoproductivity

age models, A9:18–19

biogenic opal, B6:2–3

diatoms, A4:8

paleoenvironment, A7:26

palynomorphs

Pliocene–Pleistocene interval, B1:22, 97

vs. age, B1:97

paraconformities

Cenozoic, B1:11

Chondrites, B1:107

Eocene–Oligocene biostratigraphy, B1:16

Eocene/Oligocene boundary, B1:42–45

lithologic units, A1:17–18, 29; A7:7–9, 14

marine isotope stages, B1:30

nannofossils, A7:16

Oligocene, B1:41–42

passive margins, tectonics, A1:4

pebbles, lithologic units, A4:6

pelagic deposits

age models, A9:18–19

lithologic units, A6:8–9

pelagic drapes, lithologic units, A4:6–7

pelagite, lithologic units, A1:24

peneplanation, Oligocene, A1:3

pH

pore water, A4:18; A5:19; A6:28; A7:37; A8:30; A9:19

vs. depth, A3:54; A4:40; A5:46; A6:73; A7:93–94; A8:75; A9:49

phillipsite, vs. depth, A5:38

phosphate

lithologic units, A1:14

pore water, A3:22; A4:19; A5:20; A6:29; A7:38; A8:31; A9:20

vs. depth, A3:54; A4:40; A5:46; A6:73; A7:93–94; A8:75; A9:49

See also nodules, phosphate

phosphorus/aluminum ratio

Pleistocene, B1:28

vs. age, B1:28; B9:5

photoelectric effect logs, vs. depth, A3:66; A7:106, 111; A8:83

physical properties

Site 1119, A3:25–27

Site 1120, A4:21–22

Site 1121, A5:22–24

Site 1122, A6:32–33

Site 1123, A7:41–43

Site 1124, A8:34–35

Site 1125, A9:22; B1:31

phytoplankton, biostratigraphy, B1:18–19

plagiacanthids, Paleocene biostratigraphy, B1:15–16

plagioclase, vs. depth, A3:39

planar laminations, photograph, A6:49–51

plankton, biochronostratigraphy, A8:58

Planolites

lithologic units, A1:13, 16; A3:7; A4:5–6; A5:5–6; A6:7–9, 12; A7:5–11; A8:5–9; A9:5–7

photograph, A6:55

plate boundaries

erosion, B1:27

late Eocene, A1:3

volcanism, B1:59

plate tectonics

deposition, A9:8–9

New Zealand E, A1:3–4

Southern Hemisphere, A1:42

Pleistocene

barium/aluminum ratio, B1:27; B9:5

biostratigraphy, A4:8–15; A5:8–15; A6:13–17

lithologic units, A1:19–20; A5:4–5; A6:6–7; A7:5–6; A8:4–6; A9:4–6

major elements, B1:27–28

nannofossils, A7:14–15

phosphorus/aluminum ratio, B1:28

radiolarians, A7:22–23

sedimentation, B3:1–21

stable isotopes, B10:1–20

turbidite, A1:22

See also Last Glacial Maximum; Middle Pleistocene Transition; Pliocene–Pleistocene interval; Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary

Pleistocene, lower

lithologic units, A3:8; A4:5

tephra, A8:52

Pleistocene, lower–middle, lithologic units, A3:6–8

Pleistocene, middle–upper, lithologic units, A3:5–7

Pleistocene, upper

foraminifers, A1:26

inorganic geochemistry, B9:6, 9

lithologic units, A4:4–5; A6:5–6

Pliocene

biostratigraphy, A5:8–15; A6:13–17

foraminifers, A7:18; A8:16; A9:12–13

lithologic units, A1:19–20; A3:8; A5:4–5; A6:7–8; A7:5–7; A8:10–11; A9:4–6

nannofossils, A7:14–15

paleoclimatology, B1:5, 48–51

radiolarians, A7:22–23

sedimentation, B3:1–21

See also Eocene–Holocene interval; Miocene–Holocene interval; Miocene/Pliocene boundary

Pliocene, middle, age models, A7:35

Pliocene, middle–upper, foraminiferal censuses and sea-surface temperatures, B1:21–22

Pliocene, upper

foraminifers, A8:16; A9:12

paleoclimatology, B1:33

stable isotopes, B10:1–20

Pliocene–Pleistocene interval

nannofossil biostratigraphy, B1:17–18

palynomorphs, B1:22

sea-level changes, B1:9

tephra layers, A8:54

Pliocene–Quaternary interval

paleoceanography, B1:22–23

paleocirculation, B1:22–23

Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary

nannofossil biostratigraphy, A3:12

nannofossils, A7:15

pore water

geochemistry, A1:18, 20, 23, 30; A3:21–24, 106; A4:18–20, 73; A5:19–21, 60; A6:27–30, 140; A7:37–40, 176; A8:30–32, 132; A9:19–21, 92; B1:38

manganese, B5:1–5

sulfate reduction, B1:28; B7:1–15

porosity

core–log correlation, A7:46

sedimentation rates, A6:26

vs. depth, A3:59; A4:42; A5:48; A6:77–78; A7:99; A8:78

See also density porosity; void ratio

porosity logs

vs. depth, A3:65; A7:105, 108, 111; A8:82; A9:53

See also neutron porosity logs

potassium

pore water, A3:23; A4:19–20; A5:21; A6:30; A7:39; A8:32; A9:21

vs. depth, A3:54; A4:40; A5:46; A6:73; A7:93–94; A8:75; A9:49

potassium feldspar, vs. depth, A3:39

potassium/aluminum ratio

sediments, B9:2

vs. age, B9:5

potassium logs, vs. depth, A7:110; A9:55

Powell Basin

opening, B1:45–47

See also Drake (Powell) Passage

pre-Bounty Fan, sedimentation, B1:33

precipitation, carbonates, A8:32

preservation, radiolarians, A7:39

productivity

currents, A9:1–92

Oligocene, B1:41–42

provenance, diatoms, A6:60

Pukaki Rise, lithologic units, A1:15–18

pumice, lithologic units, A4:6

Pumpkin Rock Ignimbrite, volcanism, B1:24

Puriri Formation, radiolarians, A8:21

pyrite

lithologic units, A4:4–5; A7:7–9; A9:5–6

sulfate reduction, B1:28

pyritization

lithologic units, A6:7, 11

photograph, A6:54; A7:61

pyrolysis, organic matter, A7:180

pyrrhotite, remanent magnetization, A5:16

Q

quartz, vs. depth, A3:39

quartz/feldspar ratio, lithologic units, A9:4–6

Quaternary

biostratigraphy, A6:13–17

foraminifers, A7:17–18; A8:16; A9:12

glacial/interglacial cycles, B1:58

inorganic geochemistry, B9:1–10

lithologic units, A1:33; A8:10–11

volcanism, B1:23–26

See also Eocene–Holocene interval; Miocene–Holocene interval; Pliocene–Quaternary interval

R

radiolarians

abundance, A3:94–95; A4:62–65; A5:59; A6:128–130; A7:95, 150–157; A8:117–120; B1:93

age ranges, B1:93

age vs. depth, A7:72

biostratigraphy, A3:14–15; A4:12–15; A5:12–15; A6:17; A7:22–25; A8:20–21; A9:15

datums, A7:158

lithologic units, A5:5–6; A9:4–6

Paleocene biostratigraphy, B1:15–16

paleoenvironment, A4:14–15; A5:14–15; A6:20

preservation, A7:39, 95

recrystallization, carbonates, A5:21; A7:38; A8:31

reduction, lithologic units, A9:8

reflectance

carbonate proxy, B1:29; B4:1–50

composite depths, A4:17

lithologic units, A1:17–18

range, B4:10

vs. age, A7:83–85, 89

vs. carbonate content, A4:29; A7:60; A8:49

vs. depth, A4:36–37, 39; A6:68–69, 71; A7:87; A8:50, 68–70, 72–73; A9:34, 42–45, 47

reflectance/carbonate content ratio, lithologic units, A9:8

Rekohu Drift

lithologic units, A1:27–31

sedimentation, B1:35–36

site description, A8:1–137

upper Neogene, B1:53

remanent magnetization, Eocene/Oligocene boundary, A7:27

remanent magnetization, isothermal

discrete samples, A3:49; A4:35; A5:42; A6:64; A7:79

rock magnetics, A7:27

rock magnetism, A6:21–22

sediments, A4:15–16; A5:15–17

remanent magnetization, natural, sediments, A3:18–20; A4:15–16; A5:15; A6:21–22; A7:26–27; A8:23–24; A9:16–17

remanent magnetization, saturation isothermal

demagnetization, A5:43

rock magnetism, A6:21–22

sediments, A3:19–20; A4:16; A5:15–17; A7:27

vs. temperature, A4:34

remineralization, carbonates, A3:23–24

resistivity logs

correlation, A7:46

vs. depth, A7:105, 111; A8:82, 87; A9:53

See also shallow resistivity logs

Reunion Subchron, magnetostratigraphy, A6:22–23; A8:25

rhyolites, volcanism, B1:23–26

rift valleys, Late Cretaceous, A1:3

rifting, Late Cretaceous, B1:4–5, 38–40

ripple marks, lithologic units, A6:7

rock magnetics

remanent magnetization, A6:21–22

sediments, A7:27

Unit I, A5:15–16

Unit II, A5:16–17

Runangan, foraminifers, A7:20–21; A8:18

S

salinity

pore water, A4:18; A5:19; A6:28; A7:37; A8:30; A9:19

vs. depth, A3:54; A4:40; A5:46; A6:73; A7:93–94; A8:75; A9:49

salt, glaciation, B1:38

sand

lithologic units, A1:21–23; A3:7–8; A6:6–9

photograph, A5:31; A6:47

thickness, A6:97–115

thickness vs. depth, A6:53

sand, ferromanganese, photograph, A5:32

sand, fine, thickness, A6:97–115

sand, foraminifer

lithologic units, A6:9

photograph, A6:51

sand, silty

lithologic units, A1:11–14; A3:5–8

photograph, A3:42

sand/silt ratio, thickness, A6:97–115

sea-level changes

biostratigraphy, A3:15–18

Pliocene–Pleistocene interval, B1:9

sea-surface height, Pacific Ocean SW, B1:83

Sealandian, foraminifers, A8:18

sediment aprons, Cretaceous–Paleogene interval, B1:55

sediment sources, upper Neogene, B1:51–54

sediment starvation, sea-floor spreading, B1:4–5

sediment supply

glacial/interglacial cycles, B1:54–55

lithologic units, A3:9–11

submarine channels, B1:58–59

sedimentation

currents, A1:6–7

cyclic processes, A9:18–19

history, B1:32–38

lithologic units, A3:9–11; A5:6–8

Neogene, B3:1–21

Oligocene–Holocene, A1:7–9; B1:7–9

unconformities, B1:14

sedimentation rates

age models, A3:21; A4:17–18, 72; A5:6–7, 18–19; A6:25–27; A7:34–37; A8:28–29; A9:18–19; B1:14, 15, 96; B2:6; B3:4

biostratigraphic datums, A4:17–18

biostratigraphy, A3:15–18, 21

Brunhes/Matuyama boundary, A7:10

compaction and restoration, A6:139

lithologic units, A1:19–20, 33

magnetostratigraphy, A8:29

marine sedimentation, A1:10

Neogene, A7:91

paleoclimatology, B1:48–51

porosity, A6:26

sulfate reduction, B7:1–15

summary, A1:48

turbidite, A1:22

uniformity, A7:36–37

sediments

biogenic opal, B1:29; B6:1–12

carbonate content, B8:1–5

composition, B3:2–3

dissolved manganese, B5:1–5

inorganic geochemistry, B9:1–10

major elements, B1:27–28

seismic profiles

Site 1119, A3:33–34

Site 1120, A4:26

Site 1121, A5:28

Site 1122, A6:39–41

Site 1123, A7:53–54

Site 1124, A8:43–44

Site 1125, A9:29

seismic reflectors

depth, A3:86

seismic units, A8:88

summary, A6:83

seismic units

reflectors, A8:88

summary, A6:83; A7:112

shallow environment, pore water, A3:23–24

shallow resistivity logs, vs. depth, A3:65; A7:105, 111; A8:82, 87; A9:53

shallow water, currents, A1:5–6

shear strength

sediments, A3:26; A4:21–22; A5:23; A6:32–33; A7:43

vs. depth, A3:62; A4:45; A5:51; A6:82; A7:103

shear strength/overburden pressure ratio, vs. depth, A5:51; A6:82

shelf edge deposits, lithologic units, A3:9–11

shells, lithologic units, A3:6–8

Sidufjall Subchron, magnetic polarity, A7:28

silica

diagenesis, A3:23–24; A4:14; A5:14; A6:20

pore water, A3:22; A4:19; A5:20; A6:30; A7:38–39; A8:31; A9:20–21

vs. depth, A3:54; A4:40; A5:46; A6:73; A7:93–95; A8:75; A9:49

silicoflagellates

abundance, A7:142–149; A8:112–115

biostratigraphy, A7:21–22; A8:20; A9:14–15

lithologic units, A5:5–6

silicon/aluminum ratio

sediments, B9:2

vs. age, B1:28; B9:5

silt

lithologic units, A1:21–23; A6:6–9

photograph, A3:43

thickness vs. depth, A6:53

See also sand/silt ratio

silt, quartzofeldspathic, lithologic units, A3:5–6; A4:4–5; A8:8

siltstone, lithologic units, A1:21–23; A6:9

Site 593, paleoceanography, B1:6–7

Site 594

age vs. depth, B1:108

clay mineralogy, B1:27, 100

paleoceanography, B1:6–7

Pliocene–Pleistocene nannofossil biostratigraphy, B1:17–18

Site 849, carbon isotopes, B10:6

Site 1119, A3:1–112

age models and sedimentation rates, A3:21; B1:13

background and objectives, A3:1–3

biostratigraphy, A3:11–18

composite depths, A3:20–21

coring summary, A1:69–70; A3:72–85

dissolved manganese, B1:28; B5:1–5

downhole measurements, A3:27–29

glacial/interglacial cycles, B1:58

inorganic geochemistry, A3:21–24

intermediate water, B1:57

lithologic units, A1:11–14

lithostratigraphy, A3:4–11

operations, A3:3–4

organic geochemistry, A3:24–25

paleoclimatology, B1:89

paleomagnetism, A3:18–20

physical properties, A3:25–27

reflectance, B4:1–50

site description, A3:1–112

stable isotopes, B1:29–31

Subtropical Front, B1:37–38

sulfate reduction, B7:1–15

summary, A1:11–14

summary log, A1:49–51

Site 1120, A4:1–77

age models and sedimentation rates, A4:17–18

background and objectives, A4:1–2

biostratigraphy, A4:7–15

composite depths, A4:16–17

coring summary, A1:71; A4:47–53

inorganic geochemistry, A4:18–20

lithologic units, A1:15–18

lithostratigraphy, A4:3–7

Neogene chalk, B1:57

operations, A4:2–3

organic geochemistry, A4:20–21

paleomagnetism, A4:15–16

physical properties, A4:21–22

reflectance, B4:1–50

site description, A4:1–77

sulfate reduction, B7:1–15

summary, A1:15–18

summary log, A1:52–53

Site 1121, A5:1–62

age models and sedimentation rates, A5:18–19; B1:13–14

background and objectives, A5:1–2

biostratigraphy, A5:8–15

carbonate content, B8:1–5

carbonates, B1:27

coring summary, A1:72; A5:53–55

Cretaceous–Paleogene sediment apron, B1:55

inorganic geochemistry, A5:19–21

lithologic units, A1:18–20

lithostratigraphy, A5:3–8

Oligocene erosion, B1:56

operations, A5:2–3

organic geochemistry, A5:22

Paleocene radiolarian biostratigraphy, B1:15–16

paleomagnetism, A5:15–18

physical properties, A5:22–24

reflectance, B4:1–50

sedimentation, B1:32

site description, A5:1–62

stable isotopes, B1:29–31

stratigraphy, B1:90

sulfate reduction, B7:1–15

summary, A1:18–20

summary log, A1:54

thermohaline circulation, B1:55–56

Site 1122, A6:1–146

age models and sedimentation rates, A6:25–27; B1:14

background and objectives, A6:1–2

biostratigraphy, A6:13–20

composite depths, A6:24–25

coring summary, A1:73–74; A6:84–96

dissolved manganese, B1:28; B5:1–5

downhole measurements, A6:33–34

inorganic geochemistry, A6:27–30

lithologic units, A1:20–23

lithostratigraphy, A6:4–12

operations, A6:3–4

organic geochemistry, A6:30–31

paleomagnetism, A6:20–24

physical properties, A6:32–33

reflectance, B4:1–50

sedimentation, B1:33

site description, A6:1–146

submarine channel sediment supply, B1:58–59

sulfate reduction, B7:1–15

summary, A1:20–23

summary log, A1:55–58

Site 1123, A7:1–184

age models and sedimentation rates, A7:34–37; B1:14–15, 92

background and objectives, A7:1–2

biogenic opal, B6:1–12

biostratigraphy, A7:13–26; B1:91; B2:1–22

clay mineralogy, B1:26–27, 100

composite depths, A7:32–34

coring summary, A1:75–76; A7:113–132

Cretaceous–Paleogene sediment apron, B1:55

dissolved manganese, B1:28; B5:1–5

downhole measurements, A7:43–46

Eocene–Oligocene nannofossil biostratigraphy, B1:16

foraminifers, B1:96, 98

glacial/interglacial cycles, B1:58

inorganic geochemistry, A7:37–40; B9:1–10

lithologic units, A1:23–27

lithostratigraphy, A7:4–13

major elements, B1:27–28

mass accumulation rates, B1:102

obliquity, B1:103

Oligocene erosion, B1:56

Oligocene sediment drift, B1:56–57

operations, A7:2–4

organic geochemistry, A7:40–41

paleomagnetism, A7:26–32; B1:91

palynomorphs, B1:97

physical properties, A7:41–43

plate boundary volcanism, B1:59

Pliocene–Pleistocene palynomorphs, B1:22

Pliocene–Quaternary paleocirculation, B1:22–23

pore water, B1:38

reflectance, B4:1–50

sedimentation, B1:33–35; B3:1–21

site description, A7:1–184

stable isotopes, B1:29–31; B10:1–20

sulfate reduction, B7:1–15

summary, A1:23–27

summary log, A1:59–62; A7:55–59

tephra, B1:99

thermohaline circulation, B1:55–56

upper Miocene bolboforms and planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy, B1:17

Site 1124, A8:1–137

age models and sedimentation rates, A8:28–29

background and objectives, A8:1–2

biogenic opal, B6:1–12

biostratigraphy, A8:12–23; B2:1–22

composite depths, A8:27–28

coring summary, A1:77–78; A8:89–102

Cretaceous–Paleogene sediment apron, B1:55

downhole measurements, A8:36–39

drift deposits, B1:45

Eocene–Oligocene nannofossil biostratigraphy, B1:16

foraminifers, B1:96

inorganic geochemistry, A8:30–32

lithologic units, A1:27–31

lithostratigraphy, A8:3–11, 45–48

obliquity, B1:103

Oligocene erosion, B1:56

Oligocene sediment drift, B1:56–57

operations, A8:2–3

organic geochemistry, A8:33

paleomagnetism, A8:23–27

physical properties, A8:34–35

plate boundary volcanism, B1:59

reflectance, B4:1–50

sedimentation, B1:35–36, 104

site description, A8:1–137

submarine channel sediment supply, B1:58–59

sulfate reduction, B7:1–15

summary, A1:27–31

summary log, A1:63–65

tephra, B1:99

thermohaline circulation, B1:55–56

Site 1125, A9:1–92

age models and sedimentation rates, A9:18–19

background and objectives, A9:1–2

biogenic opal, B6:1–12

biostratigraphy, A9:9–16

composite depths, A9:17–18

coring summary, A1:79–80; A9:61–76

dissolved manganese, B1:28; B5:1–5

downhole measurements, A9:22–25

glacial/interglacial cycles, B1:58

inorganic geochemistry, A9:19–21

intermediate water, B1:57

lithologic units, A1:31–33

lithostratigraphy, A9:3–9

middle–late Pliocene foraminiferal censuses, B1:21–22

operations, A9:2–3

paleomagnetism, A9:16–17

physical properties, A9:22; B1:31

plate boundary volcanism, B1:59

Pliocene–Pleistocene nannofossil biostratigraphy, B1:17–18

reflectance, B4:1–50

site description, A9:1–92

summary, A1:31–33

summary log, A1:66–68

Skolithos, lithologic units, A5:5; A7:8–9, 11; A8:5–6, 9; A9:5–7

slope deposits, lithologic units, A3:9–11

smectite

sediments, B1:26–27; B3:5–6, 20–21

vs. age, B3:10

vs. depth, B1:100

sodium

pore water, A3:23; A4:18; A5:21; A6:28; A7:40; A8:30; A9:19, 21

vs. depth, A3:54; A4:40; A5:46; A6:73; A7:93–94; A8:75; A9:49

soft sediment deformation, lithologic units, A4:4–5

Solander Channel system

currents, A1:7; A4:6; B1:9

late Neogene sediment sources, B1:51–54

Solander Trough, marine sedimentation, A1:8

sonic traveltime logs, vs. depth, A3:66; A7:106, 111; A8:83

South America, plate tectonics, A1:3

South American–Antarctic deep-water flow gateway, paleoceanography, A1:3

South Island (New Zealand)

geologic cross section, A1:43

tectonics, A1:3

South Island (New Zealand) plate boundary, uplifts, B1:27

Southern Component Bottom Water, currents, B1:11

Southern Component Intermediate Water, currents, B1:11

Southern Component Water, currents, B1:11

Southland Current, lithologic units, A3:9; B1:10

Southwest Pacific abyssal plain, geologic cross section, A1:43

splice tie points, composite section, A3:105; A4:70; A6:138; A7:171; A8:129; A9:90

sponge spicules, lithologic units, A5:5–6

stable isotopes, benthic foraminifers, B10:1–20

Stewart Island, lithologic units, A1:15–18

Stilostomella extinction, Cenozoic, B1:20–21, 95

stratigraphy

marine sedimentation, A1:10

summary, A1:46; B1:88, 105

tephra, A7:13

strontium

pore water, A3:23; A4:19; A5:21; A6:29–30; A7:39; A8:31

vs. depth, A3:54; A4:40; A5:46; A6:73; A7:93–94; A8:75

strontium/calcium ratio, vs. depth, A3:55

stylolites, photograph, A7:68

Subantarctic Front

currents, A1:6, 9

paleoceanography, B1:6–7, 51

Subantarctic surface water, Subtropical Front, B1:37–38

submarine channels, sediment supply, B1:58–59

subsidence, crust, A5:37; A6:72

subsidence, thermal, post-Gondwana, B1:4–5

Subtropical Convergence

currents, A1:6, 9; A9:1–92; B1:10

foraminifers, A8:16

paleoenvironment, A7:25–26

subtropical environment, paleoenvironment, A7:26

Subtropical Front, position changes, B1:37–38

subtropical water, Subtropical Front, B1:37–38

sulfate

pore water, A3:22; A4:19; A5:20; A6:28–29; A7:37–38; A8:30–31; A9:19; B7:13–14

vs. depth, A3:54; A4:40; A5:46; A6:73; A7:93–94; A8:75; A9:49; B5:4; B7:9

sulfate reduction

lithologic units, A1:33

pore water, A3:23–24; A4:19; A6:29; A7:38; A8:30–31; A9:21; B1:28; B7:1–15

sulfur isotopes

sulfate, B7:13–14

sulfate reduction, B7:1–15

vs. depth, B7:9

sulfur, reduced inorganic, squeeze cake samples, B7:15

sulfur, total

sediments, A3:107–109; A4:74–75; A5:61; A6:141–143; A7:177–179; A8:133–134

vs. depth, B7:12

surface water. See Subantarctic surface water

Surveyor Channel, upper Neogene, B1:53

T

Taniella, lithologic units, A3:7

Tasmanian Gateway

Cenozoic, B1:11

opening, B1:40–41

Tasmanian Gateway S, paleoceanography, A1:3

Taupo eruption, volcanism, B1:25–26

Taupo Volcanic Zone

Quaternary volcanism, B1:23–26

sedimentation rates, A7:37

upper Neogene, B1:54

Tawera spissa, lithologic units, A3:5–6

tectonics, paleoceanography, A1:3

Teichichnus

lithologic units, A6:12; A7:8–11; A8:6, 9; A9:6–7

photograph, A6:51, 55; A7:61

temperature

Adara temperature tool, A4:46

records, A8:80

vs. depth, A3:71; A9:51, 58

temperature, downhole, sediments, A3:29

temperature, sea-surface, foraminiferal censuses, B1:21–22

tephra

lithologic units, A1:22, 24, 32; A6:6–7; A7:7–9; A8:5–6; A9:5–7, 77; B1:99; B3:2–3

magnetostratigraphy, A8:27

photograph, A6:48; A7:63; A8:53

position and thickness, A7:133

volcanism, A7:12–13; B1:24–25

vs. depth, A7:62; A9:36

well-logging, A9:60

tephra, rhyolitic, distribution, A8:52

tephra layers, Pliocene–Pleistocene distribution, A8:54

tephrochronology, volcanism, B1:24

Terebellina, lithologic units, A3:5; A4:6; A6:7, 9, 12; A7:5–8, 10–11

terrigenous sedimentation, sea-floor spreading, B1:4–5

Tertiary. See Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary

Teurian, foraminifers, A8:18, 20

Thalassinoides

lithologic units, A1:13; A3:5–7; A5:5; A6:7–8, 12; A7:5–8, 10–11; A8:5–6; A9:5, 7

Oligocene, B1:41

photograph, A3:41; A5:30; A7:63

thermal conductivity

sediments, A3:26–27; A4:22; A5:24; A8:35; A9:22

vs. depth, A3:63; A5:52

thermohaline circulation

Marshall Paraconformity, B1:55–56

paleoceanography, A1:3; B1:11–12

thickness, stratigraphy, A1:47

thorium logs

correlation, A7:46

vs. depth, A7:110; A9:55

Thvera Subchron, magnetic polarity, A7:28

titanium/aluminum ratio

sediments, B9:2

vs. age, B9:5

Tongaporutuan

biostratigraphy, A4:11

foraminifers, A7:20; A8:17, 19; A9:13–14

lithologic units, A1:33

trace fossils

lithologic units, A3:5–8; A6:12; A7:10–11

vs. depth, A9:35

transform faults, late Eocene, A1:3–4

transgression, Oligocene, A1:3

transgression, marine, sea-floor spreading, B1:4–5

turbidite

lithologic units, A1:21–23; A3:7–8; A5:4–5; A6:4–12; A8:11

magnetostratigraphy, A6:23–24

photograph, A3:40, 44; A6:46–47, 54

sulfate reduction, B7:4

thickness vs. depth, A6:53

turbidite, mud, thickness, A6:97–115

U

unconformities

foraminifers, A8:17, 19–20

lithologic units, A1:17–18; A4:5; A6:8

magnetostratigraphy, A8:27

marine isotope Stage 8, B1:13

sedimentation, B1:14

stratigraphy, A1:47

See also disconformities; hiatuses; Marshall Paraconformity; paraconformities

uplifts, clay mineralogy, B1:27

upwelling, lithologic units, A8:11

uranium logs

correlation, A7:46

vs. depth, A7:110; A9:55

V

Valerie Passage, currents, A1:5; B1:15

velocity logs, vs. depth, A3:66; A7:106, 111; A8:83

void ratio, vs. depth, A3:59; A4:42; A5:48; A6:77–78; A7:99; A8:78

volcanic ash

post-middle Miocene supply, B1:48

sedimentation, B1:8–9, 99

volcanism, B1:24–26

volcanism

evolution, A1:41, 45; B1:1–111

late Neogene, B1:23–26

plate boundaries, B1:59

tephra, A7:12–13

tephrochronology, B1:24, 105

volcanism, calc-alkaline, post-middle Miocene supply, B1:48

W

Waiauan

biostratigraphy, A6:16

foraminifers, A7:19

Waimihia eruption, volcanism, B1:25–26

Waipawa Black Shale, tectonics, A1:4

Waipipian, foraminifers, A8:16, 19; A9:12, 14

Waitakian, foraminifers, A8:17, 19

Waitemata Basin, post-middle Miocene volcanic supply, B1:48

water content, dry, vs. depth, A3:59; A4:42; A5:48; A6:77–78; A7:99; A8:78

water content, wet, vs. depth, A3:59; A4:42; A5:48; A6:77–78; A7:99; A8:78

water flow

paleoceanography, B1:11–12

paleoclimatology, B1:34

water masses

currents, A1:41, 45; B1:1–111

glaciation, B1:21

ocean fronts, B1:86–87, 110

well-log units

core–log correlation, A7:45–46

correlation, A8:37–38

sediments, A9:24–25, 53

Site 1119, A3:28–29

Unit 1, A3:28; A9:24

Unit 1A, A8:38

Unit 1B, A8:38

Unit 2, A3:28; A9:24

Unit 2A, A8:38

Unit 2B, A8:38

Unit 3, A3:29; A9:24

Unit 3A, A8:38

Unit 4, A3:29; A8:38; A9:24–25

Unit 5, A8:39

well-logging

core–log correlation, A7:44–45; A8:36–37

operations, A3:64; A7:104; A8:81

sediments, A3:27–29

summary, A3:36–38; A4:27–28; A5:29; A6:42–45; A9:30–33, 52

tephra, A9:60

See also core–log correlation

Whaingaroan, foraminifers, A7:20–21; A8:17, 19

Whangai Shale, tectonics, A1:4

Wheuakite Rhyolite, volcanism, B1:24

wind transport, lithologic units, A4:7

wood fragments, lithologic units, A6:9

Z

zeolites

lithologic units, A8:8

vs. depth, A4:32

See also clinoptilolite; phillipsite

zeolites, authigenic, vs. depth, A5:38

zonation, nannofossils, B2:4

Zoophycos

lithologic units, A1:13, 16; A4:5–6; A6:7–9, 12; A7:5–11; A8:5–9; A9:5–7

photograph, A6:55; A7:64; A8:57

vs. depth, A8:51

Zoophycos ichnofacies

lithologic units, A6:12; A9:6–8

photograph, A8:57

Zygochlamys delicatula

lithologic units, A3:5–6

photograph, A3:41