Table T3.

Table T3. Ages of calcareous nannofossil datum levels used on Leg 182.

Event

Zone
(Base)

Age
(Ma)

Reference

B Acme Emiliania huxleyi

0.085
2

B Emiliania huxleyi
CN15
0.248
2

T Pseudoemiliania lacunosa
CN14b
0.408
2

B Gephyrocapsa parallela

0.94
2

Reentrance Gephyrocapsa spp. (medium)
CN14a?
0.97
2

T Gephyrocapsa spp. (large)

1.18
2

B Gephyrocapsa spp. (large)

1.40
2

T Helicosphaera sellii

1.41
2

T Calcidiscus macintyrei

1.65
2

B Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica
CN13b?
1.71
2

Pleistocene/Pliocene boundary

1.71

T Discoaster brouweri
CN13a
1.95
2

B Acme Discoaster triradiatus

2.00
2

T Discoaster pentaradiatus
CN12d
2.36
2

T Discoaster surculus
CN12c
2.51
2

T Discoaster tamalis
CN12b
2.82
2

T Sphenolithus spp.
CN12a
3.62
2

T Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus
CN12a
3.83
2

T Amaurolithus spp.
CN11
4.50
2

T Ceratolithus acutus

5.04
3

B Ceratolithus rugosus
CN10c
5.05
2

B Ceratolithus acutus
CN10b
5.09
2

T Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus

5.23
2

Pliocene/Miocene boundary

5.30

T Discoaster quinqueramus
CN10a
5.6
1

T Amaurolithus amplificus

5.9
1

B Amaurolithus amplificus

6.6
1

T Paracme R. pseudoumbilicus

6.8
4

B Amaurolithus primus
CN9b
7.2
1

T Discoaster loeblichii

7.4
1

T Minylitha convalis

7.8
1

B Discoaster berggrenii
CN9a
8.6
1

B Discoaster loeblichii

8.7
1

B Paracme R. pseudoumbilicus

8.8
4

T Discoaster bollii

9.1
1

T Catinaster calyculus

9.36
3

T Discoaster hamatus
CN8a
9.4
1

B Minylitha convallis

9.5
1

B Discoaster neohamatus

9.6
4

B Discoaster hamatus
CN7
10.7
1

T Coccolithus miopelagicus

11.0
3

B Catinaster coalitus
CN6
11.3
1

T Discoaster kugleri

11.5
1

B Discoaster kugleri

11.8
1

T Coronocyclus nitescens

12.1
4

B Calcidiscus macintyrei >11um

12.3
4

B Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus

13.2
1

T Calcidiscus premacintyrei

12.7
4

T Discoaster signus

12.7
4

Tc Cyclicargolithus floridanus

13.2
4

T Sphenolithus heteromorphus
CN5a
13.6
1

T Helicosphaera ampliaperta
CN4
15.6
1

B Discoaster signus

16.2
4

T Abundant Discoaster deflandrei

16.2
4

B Calcidiscus premacintyrei

17.4
5

B Sphenolithus heteromorphus
CN3
18.2
1

T Sphenolithus belemnos

18.3
1

B Sphenolithus belemnos
CN2
19.2
1

T Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus

23.1
1

T Triquetrorhabdulus serratus

23.2
1

T Sphenolithus umbrellus

23.6
1

T Sphenolithus capricornutus

23.7
1

B Discoaster druggi
CN1c
23.3
6

T Sphenolithus delphix

23.8
1

Miocene/Oligocene boundary

23.8

T Dictyococcites bisectus
CN1c
23.9
1

B Sphenolithus delphix

24.3
1

T Zygrhablithus bijugatus

24.5
1

T Sphenolithus ciperoensis
CN1a
24.75
1

T Sphenolithus distentus
CP19b
27.5
1

T Sphenolithus predistentus

27.5
1

T Sphenolithus pseudoradians

29.1
1

B Sphenolithus ciperoensis
CP19a
29.9
1

B Sphenolithus distentus
CP18
31.5-33.1
1

T Reticulofenestra umbilicus
CP17
32.3
1

T Coccolithus formosus
CP16c
32.8
1

T Chiasmolithus oamaruensis

33.7
1

Oligocene/Eocene boundary

33.7

T Discoaster saipanensis
CP16a
34.2
1

T Discoaster barbadiensis
CP16a
34.3
1

T Cribrocentrum reticulatum

35.0
1

B Isthmolithus recurvus

36.0
1

T Calcidiscus protoannulus

36.8
7

B Chiasmolithus oamaruensis
CP15
37.0
1

T Chiasmolithus grandis
CP15
37.1
1

B Dictyococcites bisecta

38.0
1

T Chiasmolithus solitus
CP14b
40.4
1

B Dictyococcites hesslandii

41.8
7

T Nannotetrina fulgens

43.1
1

T Blackites gladius

43.4
1

B Reticulofenestra umbilicus
CP14a
43.7
1

T Chiasmolithus gigas
CP13c
44.5
1

B Chiasmolithus gigas
CP13b
46.1
1

B Nannotetrina fulgens
CP13a
47.3
1

T Discoaster lodoensis

47.9
1

B Rhabdosphaera inflata

48.5
1

B Nannotetrina spp.

49.2
8

B Discoaster sublodoensis
CP12
49.7
1

T Tribrachiatus orthostylus

50.6
1

B Discoaster lodoensis
CP10
52.85
1

T Sphenolithus radians

53.1
1

T Tribrachiatus contortus

53.6
1

B Tribrachiatus orthostylus

53.6
1

B Discoaster diastypus
CP9a
53.9
8

T Ericsonia robusta

54.0
8

B Tribrachiatus contortus
CP9a
54.3
1

Eocene/Paleocene boundary

54.5

B Tribrachiatus (Rhomboaster) bramlettei

55.0
8

B Rhomboaster spp.

55.1
8

T Fasciculithus tympaniformis

55.33
1

B Camplyosphaera eodela
CP8b
55.5
1

B Discoaster multiradiatus
CP8a
56.2
1

B Discoaster okadai

56.8
1

B Discoaster nobilis
CP7
56.9
1

B Heliolithus riedelii

57.3
1

T Heliolithus kleinpellii

56.6
8

B Discoaster mohlerii
CP6
57.5
1

B Sphenolithus anarrhopus

58.4
1

T Chiasmolithus danicus

57.5
9

B Heliolithus kleinpellii
CP5
58.4
1

B Heliolithus cantabriae

58.2
8

T Fasciculithus pileatus

58.6
8

T Cruciplacolithus tenuis

58.6
9

B Fasciculithus spp.

59.2
8

B Sphenolithus primus

60.6
1

B Chiasmolithus bidens

60.7
1

B Ellipsolithus macellus
CP3
62.2
1

B Chiasmolithus danicus
CP2
63.8
1

B Cruciplacolithus tenuis
CP1b
64.5
1

B Cruciplacolithus primus

64.8
1

B Biantholithus sparsus

65.0
1

T Cretaceous taxa
CP1a
65.0
1

Tertiary/Cretaceous boundary

65.0

B Micula prinsii

66.0
10

B Nephrolithus frequens (low latitude)

67.2
10

B Micula murus

68.5
10

T Reinhardtites levis

69.4
10

T Quadrum trifidum

71.3
10

Maastrichtian/Campanian boundary

71.3

T Tranolithus phacelosus

71.6
10

T Aspidolithus parcus

74.6
10

T Eiffellithus eximius

75.3
10

T Lithastrinus grillii

75.1
10

B Quadrum trifidum

76.1
10

B Quadrum sissinghii

77.1
10

B Ceratolithoides aculeus

78.5
10

T Bukryaster hayii

79.8
10

T Marthasterites furcatus

80.6
10

B Ceratolithoides verbeekii

82.0
10

B Aspidolithus parcus constrictus

83.5
10

Campanian/Santonian boundary

83.5

B Calculites obscurus

83.8
10

B Lucianorhabdus cayeuxii

84.8
10

T Lithastrinus septenarius

84.9
10

B Lithastrinus grillii

85.8
10

Santonian/Coniacian boundary

85.8

B Reinhardtites anthophorus

85.8
10

B Micula decussata

87.2
10

Coniacian/Turonian boundary

89.0

B Marthasterites furcatus

89.3
10

B Lucianorhabdus maleformis

91.0
10

B Eiffellithus eximius

91.0
10

B Quadrum gartnerii

93.5
10

Cenomanian/Turonian boundary

93.5

T Corollithion kennedyi

93.9
10

T Rhagodiscus asper

93.9
10

T Axopodorhabdus albianus

93.9
10

T Microstaurus chiastius

94.4
10

B Microrhabdulus decoratus

95.2
10

B Lithraphidites acutus

95.2
10

B Corollithion kennedyi

97.4
10

Albian/Cenomanian boundary

98.9

T Hayesites albiensis

99.0
10

T Rucinolithus irregularis

99.0
10

B Eiffellithus turriseiffelii

101.7
10

B Eiffelithus spp. (small)

103.8
10

B Axopodorhabdus albianus

106.5
10

B Tranolithus phacelosus

106.5
10

B Cribrosphaerella ehrenbergii (sensu Erba)

110.3
10

Aptian/Albian boundary

112.2

B Prediscosphaera columnata (<5 um)

112.5
10

T Assipetra intracretacea

113.0
10

B Hayesites albiensis

114.0
10

T Micrantholithus hoschulzii

114.2
10

T Nannoconus st. steinmanii

114.2
10

B Braarudosphaera africana

118.2
10

B Stoverius achylosum

118.2
10

B Eprolithus floralis

119.0
10

B Rhagodiscus angustus

119.9
10

T nannoconid paracme

120.5
10

Barremian/Aptian boundary

121.0

B Rucinolithus irregularis

121.1
10

B Flabellites oblongus

121.1
10

Event	Zone (Base)	Age (Ma)	Reference
B Acme Emiliania huxleyi		0.085	2
B Emiliania huxleyi	CN15	0.248	2
T Pseudoemiliania lacunosa	CN14b	0.408	2
B Gephyrocapsa parallela		0.94	2
Reentrance Gephyrocapsa spp. (medium)	CN14a?	0.97	2
T Gephyrocapsa spp. (large)		1.18	2
B Gephyrocapsa spp. (large)		1.40	2
T Helicosphaera sellii		1.41	2
T Calcidiscus macintyrei		1.65	2
B Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica	CN13b?	1.71	2
Pleistocene/Pliocene boundary		1.71
T Discoaster brouweri	CN13a	1.95	2
B Acme Discoaster triradiatus		2.00	2
T Discoaster pentaradiatus	CN12d	2.36	2
T Discoaster surculus	CN12c	2.51	2
T Discoaster tamalis	CN12b	2.82	2
T Sphenolithus spp.	CN12a	3.62	2
T Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus	CN12a	3.83	2
T Amaurolithus spp.	CN11	4.50	2
T Ceratolithus acutus		5.04	3
B Ceratolithus rugosus	CN10c	5.05	2
B Ceratolithus acutus	CN10b	5.09	2
T Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus		5.23	2
Pliocene/Miocene boundary		5.30
T Discoaster quinqueramus	CN10a	5.6	1
T Amaurolithus amplificus		5.9	1
B Amaurolithus amplificus		6.6	1
T Paracme R. pseudoumbilicus		6.8	4
B Amaurolithus primus	CN9b	7.2	1
T Discoaster loeblichii		7.4	1
T Minylitha convalis		7.8	1
B Discoaster berggrenii	CN9a	8.6	1
B Discoaster loeblichii		8.7	1
B Paracme R. pseudoumbilicus		8.8	4
T Discoaster bollii		9.1	1
T Catinaster calyculus		9.36	3
T Discoaster hamatus	CN8a	9.4	1
B Minylitha convallis		9.5	1
B Discoaster neohamatus		9.6	4
B Discoaster hamatus	CN7	10.7	1
T Coccolithus miopelagicus		11.0	3
B Catinaster coalitus	CN6	11.3	1
T Discoaster kugleri		11.5	1
B Discoaster kugleri		11.8	1
T Coronocyclus nitescens		12.1	4
B Calcidiscus macintyrei >11um		12.3	4
B Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus		13.2	1
T Calcidiscus premacintyrei		12.7	4
T Discoaster signus		12.7	4
Tc Cyclicargolithus floridanus		13.2	4
T Sphenolithus heteromorphus	CN5a	13.6	1
T Helicosphaera ampliaperta	CN4	15.6	1
B Discoaster signus		16.2	4
T Abundant Discoaster deflandrei		16.2	4
B Calcidiscus premacintyrei		17.4	5
B Sphenolithus heteromorphus	CN3	18.2	1
T Sphenolithus belemnos		18.3	1
B Sphenolithus belemnos	CN2	19.2	1
T Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus		23.1	1
T Triquetrorhabdulus serratus		23.2	1
T Sphenolithus umbrellus		23.6	1
T Sphenolithus capricornutus		23.7	1
B Discoaster druggi	CN1c	23.3	6
T Sphenolithus delphix		23.8	1
Miocene/Oligocene boundary		23.8
T Dictyococcites bisectus	CN1c	23.9	1
B Sphenolithus delphix		24.3	1
T Zygrhablithus bijugatus		24.5	1
T Sphenolithus ciperoensis	CN1a	24.75	1
T Sphenolithus distentus	CP19b	27.5	1
T Sphenolithus predistentus		27.5	1
T Sphenolithus pseudoradians		29.1	1
B Sphenolithus ciperoensis	CP19a	29.9	1
B Sphenolithus distentus	CP18	31.5-33.1	1
T Reticulofenestra umbilicus	CP17	32.3	1
T Coccolithus formosus	CP16c	32.8	1
T Chiasmolithus oamaruensis		33.7	1
Oligocene/Eocene boundary		33.7
T Discoaster saipanensis	CP16a	34.2	1
T Discoaster barbadiensis	CP16a	34.3	1
T Cribrocentrum reticulatum		35.0	1
B Isthmolithus recurvus		36.0	1
T Calcidiscus protoannulus		36.8	7
B Chiasmolithus oamaruensis	CP15	37.0	1
T Chiasmolithus grandis	CP15	37.1	1
B Dictyococcites bisecta		38.0	1
T Chiasmolithus solitus	CP14b	40.4	1
B Dictyococcites hesslandii		41.8	7
T Nannotetrina fulgens		43.1	1
T Blackites gladius		43.4	1
B Reticulofenestra umbilicus	CP14a	43.7	1
T Chiasmolithus gigas	CP13c	44.5	1
B Chiasmolithus gigas	CP13b	46.1	1
B Nannotetrina fulgens	CP13a	47.3	1
T Discoaster lodoensis		47.9	1
B Rhabdosphaera inflata		48.5	1
B Nannotetrina spp.		49.2	8
B Discoaster sublodoensis	CP12	49.7	1
T Tribrachiatus orthostylus		50.6	1
B Discoaster lodoensis	CP10	52.85	1
T Sphenolithus radians		53.1	1
T Tribrachiatus contortus		53.6	1
B Tribrachiatus orthostylus		53.6	1
B Discoaster diastypus	CP9a	53.9	8
T Ericsonia robusta		54.0	8
B Tribrachiatus contortus	CP9a	54.3	1
Eocene/Paleocene boundary		54.5
B Tribrachiatus (Rhomboaster) bramlettei		55.0	8
B Rhomboaster spp.		55.1	8
T Fasciculithus tympaniformis		55.33	1
B Camplyosphaera eodela	CP8b	55.5	1
B Discoaster multiradiatus	CP8a	56.2	1
B Discoaster okadai		56.8	1
B Discoaster nobilis	CP7	56.9	1
B Heliolithus riedelii		57.3	1
T Heliolithus kleinpellii		56.6	8
B Discoaster mohlerii	CP6	57.5	1
B Sphenolithus anarrhopus		58.4	1
T Chiasmolithus danicus		57.5	9
B Heliolithus kleinpellii	CP5	58.4	1
B Heliolithus cantabriae		58.2	8
T Fasciculithus pileatus		58.6	8
T Cruciplacolithus tenuis		58.6	9
B Fasciculithus spp.		59.2	8
B Sphenolithus primus		60.6	1
B Chiasmolithus bidens		60.7	1
B Ellipsolithus macellus	CP3	62.2	1
B Chiasmolithus danicus	CP2	63.8	1
B Cruciplacolithus tenuis	CP1b	64.5	1
B Cruciplacolithus primus		64.8	1
B Biantholithus sparsus		65.0	1
T Cretaceous taxa	CP1a	65.0	1
Tertiary/Cretaceous boundary		65.0
B Micula prinsii		66.0	10
B Nephrolithus frequens (low latitude)		67.2	10
B Micula murus		68.5	10
T Reinhardtites levis		69.4	10
T Quadrum trifidum		71.3	10
Maastrichtian/Campanian boundary		71.3
T Tranolithus phacelosus		71.6	10
T Aspidolithus parcus		74.6	10
T Eiffellithus eximius		75.3	10
T Lithastrinus grillii		75.1	10
B Quadrum trifidum		76.1	10
B Quadrum sissinghii		77.1	10
B Ceratolithoides aculeus		78.5	10
T Bukryaster hayii		79.8	10
T Marthasterites furcatus		80.6	10
B Ceratolithoides verbeekii		82.0	10
B Aspidolithus parcus constrictus		83.5	10
Campanian/Santonian boundary		83.5
B Calculites obscurus		83.8	10
B Lucianorhabdus cayeuxii		84.8	10
T Lithastrinus septenarius		84.9	10
B Lithastrinus grillii		85.8	10
Santonian/Coniacian boundary		85.8
B Reinhardtites anthophorus		85.8	10
B Micula decussata		87.2	10
Coniacian/Turonian boundary		89.0
B Marthasterites furcatus		89.3	10
B Lucianorhabdus maleformis		91.0	10
B Eiffellithus eximius		91.0	10
B Quadrum gartnerii		93.5	10
Cenomanian/Turonian boundary		93.5
T Corollithion kennedyi		93.9	10
T Rhagodiscus asper		93.9	10
T Axopodorhabdus albianus		93.9	10
T Microstaurus chiastius		94.4	10
B Microrhabdulus decoratus		95.2	10
B Lithraphidites acutus		95.2	10
B Corollithion kennedyi		97.4	10
Albian/Cenomanian boundary		98.9
T Hayesites albiensis		99.0	10
T Rucinolithus irregularis		99.0	10
B Eiffellithus turriseiffelii		101.7	10
B Eiffelithus spp. (small)		103.8	10
B Axopodorhabdus albianus		106.5	10
B Tranolithus phacelosus		106.5	10
B Cribrosphaerella ehrenbergii (sensu Erba)		110.3	10
Aptian/Albian boundary		112.2
B Prediscosphaera columnata (<5 um)		112.5	10
T Assipetra intracretacea		113.0	10
B Hayesites albiensis		114.0	10
T Micrantholithus hoschulzii		114.2	10
T Nannoconus st. steinmanii		114.2	10
B Braarudosphaera africana		118.2	10
B Stoverius achylosum		118.2	10
B Eprolithus floralis		119.0	10
B Rhagodiscus angustus		119.9	10
T nannoconid paracme		120.5	10
Barremian/Aptian boundary		121.0
B Rucinolithus irregularis		121.1	10
B Flabellites oblongus		121.1	10

Notes: B = base, T = top. References: 1 = Berggren et al. (1995a); 2 = Sigurdsson, Leckie, Acton, et al. (1997); 3 = Curry, Shackleton, Richter, et al. (1995); 4 = Raffi and Flores, 1995; 5 = Gartner, 1992; 6 = Berggren et al. (1985b); 7 = Backman (1987); 8 = Backman (1986). References 3 through 9 have been calibrated to the time scale of Berggren et al. (1995a, 1995b).