Table T4. Ages of planktonic foraminifer datum levels from Leg 182.
 

Event

Zone
(base)

Age
(Ma)

Reference


T Globorotalia flexuosa



0.07


Joyce et al., 1990

B Bolliella calida



0.22


Chaproniere et al., 1994

T Globoquadrina pseudofoliata



0.22


Chaproniere et al., 1994

B Globorotalia flexuosa



0.40


Joyce et al., 1990

B Globorotalia hirsuta



0.45


Pujol and Duprat, 1983

T Globorotalia tosaensis

Pt1b

0.65


Srinivasan and Sinha, 1992

B Globorotalia crassaformis hessi



0.75


Chaproniere et al., 1994

T Pulleniatina finalis



1.40


Chaproniere et al., 1994

T Globigerinoides fistulosus

Pt1a

1.77


Berggren et al., 1995b

T Globigerinoides extremus



1.77


Berggren et al., 1985b

Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary



1.77




B Globorotalia truncatulinoides



2.00


Zijderveld et al., 1991

B Globorotalia truncatulinoides

(SN14)



Jenkins, 1993

T Globorotalia exilis (Atl.)



2.15


Berggren et al., 1985b

T Globorotalia miocenica

Pl6

2.30


Berggren et al., 1995b

T Neogloboquadrina atlantica



2.41


Weaver and Clement, 1987

T Globorotalia puncticulata (Atl.)



2.41


Zijderveld et al., 1991

T Globorotalia pertenuis



2.60


Berggren et al., 1985b

T Dentoglobigerina altispira

Pl5

3.09


Berggren et al., 1995b

T Globorotalia multicamerata



3.09


Berggren et al., 1985b

T Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina

Pl4

3.12


Berggren et al., 1995b

B Sphaeroidinella dehiscens sensu strictu



3.12


Weaver and Clement, 1987

B Globorotalia inflata

(SN13)

(3.20)


Jenkins, 1993; Chaproniere et al., 1995

T Globorotalia sp. cf. G. crassula (N. Atl.)



3.25


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Globorotalia pertenuis



3.33


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Globorotalia miocenica (Atl.)



3.45


Berggren et al., 1985b

T Globorotalia margaritae

Pl3

3.58


Berggren et al., 1995b

T Pulleniatina primalis



3.58


Srinivasan and Sinha, 1992

Pulleniatina trans. sinistral-dextral



3.65


Berggren et al., 1985b

T Pulleniatina spectabilis



3.95


Berggren et al., 1985b

T Globoturborotalita nepenthes

Pl2

4.18


Berggren et al., 1995a

B Globorotalia puncticulata



4.20


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Globorotalia crassaformis



4.50


Weaver and Clement, 1987

T Globigerinoides seiglei



4.50


Chaproniere et al., 1994

T Globorotalia cibaoensis

Pl1b

4.60


Berggren et al., 1995b

B Sphaeroidinella dehiscens sensu lato



4.70


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Globorotalia margaritae



5.20


Srinivasan and Sinha, 1992

Miocene/Pliocene



5.25




T Globorotalia tumida



5.32


Srinivasan and Sinha, 1992

B Globorotalia tumida

Pl1a

5.60


Chaproniere et al., 1994

B Globorotalia sphericomiozea



5.60


Srinivasan and Sinha, 1992

B Globorotalia pliozea



5.60


Srinivasan and Sinha, 1992

B Globorotalia pliozea



5.60


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Globorotalia puncticulata

(SN12)

(5.30)


Jenkins, 1993; Chaproniere et al., 1995

B Globorotalia tumida



5.60


Berggren et al., 1985b

T Globoquadrina dehiscens



5.60


Chaproniere et al., 1994

T Globoquadrina dehiscens



5.80


Berggren et al., 1985b

T Globorotalia lenguaensis

M14

6.00


Chaproniere et al., 1994

B Globorotalia margaritae



6.00


Chaproniere et al., 1994

B Neoglob. acostaensis trans. sinistral-dextral



6.00


Chaproniere et al., 1994

B Globorotalia margaritae



6.20


Srinivasan and Sinha, 1992

B Pulleniatina primalis



6.40


Chaproniere et al., 1994

B Globorotalia menardii form 5



6.40


Chaisson and Leckie, 1993

B Neoglob. acostaensis trans. dextral-sinistral



6.40


Srinivasan and Sinha, 1992

B Neoglob. atlantica trans. dextral-sinistral



6.60


Srinivasan and Sinha, 1992

B Globorotalia conomiozea



6.80


Spiegler and Jansen, 1989

B Globorotalia conomiozea

(SN11)

(7.12)


Jenkins, 1993; Chaproniere et al., 1995

B Globorotalia menardii form 5



7.12


Krijgsman et al., 1994

T Globorotalia menardii form 4



7.20


Krijgsman et al., 1994

B Globorotalia suterae



7.40


Krijgsman et al., 1994

B Globorotalia cibaoensis



7.80


Glacon et al., 1990

B Globorotalia juanai



7.80


Chaisson and Leckie, 1993

B Candeina nitida



8.10


Chaisson and Leckie, 1993

B Glds. extremus/Glt. plesiotumida

M13b

8.30


Berggren et al., 1995b

T Neogloboquadrina continuosa

(SN10)



Jenkins, 1993

B Neogloboquadrina humerosa



8.50


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Neogloboquadrina pachyderma



9.20


Berggren, 1992

T Neogloboquadrina nympha



10.10


Berggren, 1992

T Neogloboquadrina nympha

(SN9)



Jenkins, 1993

B Neogloboquadrina acostaensis

M13

10.90


Berggren et al., 1995b

B Neogloboquadrina acostaensis



10.90


Miller et al., 1991

T Neogloboquadrina mayeri

M12

11.40


Miller et al., 1994

T Neogloboquadrina mayeri

(SN8)



Jenkins, 1993

B Globoturborotalita nepenthes

M11

11.80


Blow, 1979

B Globoturborotalita nepenthes



11.80


Miller et al., 1994

T Globorotalia panda



11.80


Berggren, 1993

T Globorotalia fohsi robusta

M10

11.90


Berggren et al., 1985b

T Globorotalia praescitula



11.90


Berggren, 1992

T Globorotalia fohsi lobata



12.10


Wright and Miller, 1992

B Neogloboquadrina mayeri

(SN7)

(12.10)


Jenkins, 1993; Chaproniere et al., 1995

B Globorotalia fohsi robusta

M9b

12.30


Berggren, 1992

T Tenuitella clemenciae



12.30


Li et al., 1992

T Tenuitella minutissima



12.30


Li et al., 1992

T Tenuitella pseudoedita



12.30


Li et al., 1992

T Tenuitella selleyi



12.30


Li et al., 1992

B Globorotalia fohsi lobata

M9a

12.50


Wright and Miller, 1992

B Globorotalia fohsi sensu stricto

M8

12.70


Wright and Miller, 1992

B Globorotalia praefohsi



12.70


Wright and Miller, 1992

B Neogloboquadrina nympha



13.40


Berggren, 1992

T Globorotalia peripheroronda



14.60


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Globorotalia peripheroacuta

M7

14.80


Berggren et al., 1995a

T Praeorbulina sicana



14.80


Berggren et al., 1985b

T Praeorbulina glomerosa sensu stricto



14.80


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Orbulina suturalis

M6

15.10


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Orbulina suturalis

(SN6)



Jenkins, 1993

T Globorotalia miozea



15.90


Berggren, 1992

B Praeorbulina circularis



16.00


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Praeorbulina glomerosa

M5b

16.10


Berggren et al., 1995a

B Praeorbulina glomerosa

(SN5)



Jenkins, 1993

B Globigerinoies diminutus



16.10


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Praeorbulina curva



16.30


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Praeorbulina sicana

M5

16.40


Berggren et al., 1985b

T Globorotalia incognita



16.40


Berggren, 1992

B Globorotalia birnageae

M4b

16.70


Berggren et al., 1995a

B Globorotalia miozea



16.70


Berggren, 1992

B Globorotalia birnageae



16.70


Berggren et al., 1985b

T Catapsydrax dissimilis

M4

17.30


Berggren et al., 1985b

T Globorotalia zealandica



17.30


Li et al., 1992

T Globorotalia semivera



17.30


Berggren et al., 1985b

T Globoquadrina dehiscens forma spinosa



17.90


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Globorotalia praescitula



18.50


Miller et al., 1994

B Globorotalia insueta

M3

18.80


Berggren et al., 1995a

B Globigerinoides trilobus

(SN4)



Jenkins, 1993

B Globigerinoides altiaperturus



20.50


Montanari et al., 1991

B Globoturborotalita connecta

(SN3)

(20.9)


Jenkins, 1993; Chaproniere et al., 1995

T Tenuitella munda



21.40


Li et al., 1992

T Globorotalia kugleri

M2

21.50


Montanari et al., 1991

B Globorotalia incognita



21.60


Berggren, 1992

T Globoturborotalita angulisuturalis



21.60


Berggren et al., 1985b

T Globorotalia pseudokugleri



21.60


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Globoquadrina dehiscens forma spinosa



22.20


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Globoturborotalita woodi

(SN2)

(22.6)


Jenkins, 1993; Chaproniere et al., 1995

T Globoquadrina globularis



22.80


Berggren et al., 1985b

B Globoquadrina dehiscens

M1b

23.20


Berggren et al., 1985a

B Globoquadrina dehiscens

(SN1)



Jenkins, 1993; Chaproniere et al., 1995

B Globorotalia kugleri

M1

23.80


Berggren et al., 1985a

B Globorotalia mendacis



23.80


Berggren et al., 1985a

Oligocene/Miocene boundary



23.80




T Globigerina euapertura



23.80


Berggren, 1992

T Tenuitella gemma



24.30


Li et al., 1992

FCO Globigerinoides primordius



24.30


Berggren et al., 1985a

B Globorotalia pseudokugleri



25.90


Leckie et al., 1993

B Globigerinoides primordius



26.70


Leckie et al., 1993

T Paragloborotalia opima opima

P22

27.10


Berggren et al., 1985a

T Globigerina labiacrassata



27.10


Berggren, 1992

LCO Chiloguembelina cubensis

P21b

28.50


Li et al., 1992

T Chiloguembelina cubensis

(SP15)



Jenkins, 1993

B Globigerina angulisuturalis

P21

28.50


Blow, 1969

B Globigerinita boweni



28.50


Li et al., 1992

B Globigerina angulisuturalis

P21a

29.40


Leckie et al., 1993

B Tenuitellinata juvenilis



29.70


Li et al., 1992

T Subbotina angiporoides



30.00


Berggren, 1992

T Subbotina angiporoides

(SP14)



Jenkins, 1993

T Turborotalia ampliapertura

P20

30.30


Miller et al., 1993

B Paragloborotalia opima opima



30.60


Berggren et al., 1985a

T Subbotina brevis

(SP13)

(31.5)


Jenkins, 1993; Chaproniere et al., 1995

T Pseudohastigerina spp.

P19

32.00


Miller et al., 1993

B Subbotina brevis

(SP12)

(33.4)


Jenkins, 1993; Chaproniere et al., 1995

B Cassigerinella chipolensis



33.65


Miller et al., 1993

Eocene/Oligocene boundary



33.70




T Hantkenina spp.



33.70


Coccioni et al., 1988

T Turborotalia cerroazulensis

P18

33.80


Coccioni et al., 1988

T Cribrohantkenina inflata

P17

34.00


Coccioni et al., 1988

T Globigerapsis index



34.30


Berggren, 1992

B Turborotalia cunialensis

P16

35.20


Coccioni et al., 1988

T Turborotalia pomeroli



35.30


Premoli-Silva et al., 1988

T Porticulasphaera semiinvoluta



35.30


Premoli-Silva et al., 1988

B Cribrohantkenina inflata



35.50


Coccioni et al., 1988

T Acarinina spp.


37.50-38.50
Nocchi et al., 1986

T Acarinina aculeata

(SP11)

(36.7)


Jenkins, 1993; Chaproniere et al., 1995

T Acarinina collactea



37.70


Berggren et al., 1985a

T Subbotina linaperta



37.70


Berggren, 1992

T Morozovella spinulosa



38.10


Berggren et al., 198a5

B Porticulasphaera semiinvoluta

P15

38.40


Nocchi et al., 1986

T Planorotalites spp.



38.50


Nocchi et al., 1986

T Acarinina primitiva



39.00


Stott and Kennett, 1990

T Subbotina frontosa



39.30


Berggren et al., 1985a

T Globigerinapsis beckmanni

P14

40.10


Berggren et al., 1985a

B Globigerinapsis beckmanni

P13

40.50


Berggren et al., 1985a

T Acarinina bullbrooki



40.50


Berggren et al., 1985a

B Chiloguembelina cubensis

(SP10)

(41.2)


Jenkins, 1993; Chaproniere et al., 1995

B Turborotalia pomeroli



42.40


Berggren et al., 1985a

B Globigerapsis index



42.90


Berggren et al., 1985a

B Globigerapsis index

(SP9)



Jenkins, 1993

B Morozovella lehneri



43.50


Berggren et al., 1985a

T Morozovella aragonensis

P12

43.60


Berggren et al., 1985a

B Globigerinapsis kugleri

P11

45.80


Berggren et al., 1995a

B Turborotalia possagnoensis



46.00


Berggren et al., 1995a

T Morozovella crater

(SP8)

(48.8)


Jenkins, 1993; Chaproniere et al., 1995

B Hantkenina nutalli

P10

49.00


Berggren et al., 1985a

B Planorotalites palmerae

P9

50.40


Berggren et al., 1985a

T Morozovella formosa

P8

50.80


Berggren, 1969

B Acarinina pentacamerata



50.80


Stott and Kennett, 1990

B Morozovella aragonensis

P7

52.30


Berggren et al., 1995a

T Morozovella marginodentata



52.50


Berggren et al., 1995a

T Morozovella lensiformis



52.70


Berggren et al., 1995a

T Subbotina velascoensis



53.50


Berggren et al., 1995a

T Morozovella aequa



53.60


Berggren et al., 1995a

B M. formosa formosa/M. lensiformis

P6b

54.00


Berggren and Miller, 1988

B Morozovella crater

(SP7)

(54.0)


Jenkins, 1993; Chaproniere et al., 1995

B Morozovella lensiformis



54.00


Berggren et al., 1995a

T Morozovella velascoensis

P6

54.70


Berggren et al., 1995a

Paleocene/Eocene boundary



54.70



Notes: T = top, B = base, Atl. = Atlantic, N. Atl. = North Atlantic, trans. = transition, LCO = least common occurrence. Citations mainly from Berggren et al. (1995a, 1995b). Parentheses in "Zone" column indicate zones taken from Jenkins (1993). Parentheses in "Age" column indicate dates taken from Chaproniere et al. (1995).