Figure F17. Depths vs. concentration profiles for (A) Ca²⁺ excess, (B) Mg²⁺ excess, (C) Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺, (D) Sr²⁺ excess, and (E) SO₄^2-/Cl^-. Because of the increase in salinity, excess concentration was calculated as (M/Cl^- - a) × Cl^-, where M = Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, or Sr²⁺, and a = M/Cl^- of standard seawater (i.e., International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean). The values were taken from Gieskes et al. (1991).