Measurements of physical properties at Site 1134 followed the procedures outlined in "Physical Properties" in the "Explanatory Notes" chapter. These included nondestructive measurements of P-wave velocity (every 4 cm; Table T9, also in ASCII format), GRA bulk density (every 4 cm; Table T10, also in ASCII format), magnetic susceptibility (MS) (every 8 cm; Table T11, also in ASCII format), and NGR (every 16 cm; Table T12, also in ASCII format) using the MST. The P-wave logger (PWL) was activated only on APC cores. Thermal conductivity was measured in unconsolidated sediment at a frequency of one per core (Table T13, also in ASCII format), with three samples analyzed on the core after the deployment of the Adara tool. A minimum of two discrete P-wave velocity measurements were made on the working half of the split cores (Table T14, also in ASCII format), and the measurement frequency was increased to five per section after the PWL was turned off. Standard index properties (Table T15, also in ASCII format) and undrained shear strength (only in unconsolidated sediments) (Table T16, also in ASCII format) were measured at a frequency of one per section. Difficulties occurred with the pycnometer used for determination of dry volume for index properties measurements (see "Index Properties" in "Physical Properties" in the "Explanatory Notes" chapters).
The following sections describe the variations in sediment physical properties and their relationships to lithology and downhole logging measurements. Variations in MS are described in "Paleomagnetism".
Sediment physical properties measurements at Site 1134 closely reflect lithologic variations observed in the recovered sediments and provide essential data for core-log correlation. (Fig. F15). An offset was seen between the discrete bulk density measurements and the GRA densiometry measurements of the MST in the upper 145 mbsf of the sedimentary section. This offset was corrected using the equation of Boyce (1976), as described in "Index Properties" in "Physical Properties" in the "Explanatory Notes" chapter. Incomplete core recovery below 150 mbsf limited investigation of petrophysical properties within the lower parts of the sedimentary section (Fig. F15).
Physical properties data can be divided into four units on the basis of trends in measured parameters. Physical properties Unit (PP Unit) 1 (0-33 mbsf) is characterized by a decrease in porosity (50%-30%) and an increase in both bulk density (1.7-2.0 g/cm3) and P-wave velocity (1.6-1.8 km/s) (Fig. F15). These trends are most likely caused by lithostatic compaction. The lower boundary of PP Unit 1 is identified by a spike in NGR (30 cps), bulk density (2.2 g/cm3), and a decrease in P-wave velocity (Fig. F15). Physical properties Unit 1 correlates well to lithostratigraphic Unit I, which consists primarily of nannofossil ooze and changes abruptly to an unlithified wackestone at 33 mbsf (see "Lithostratigraphy").
Physical Properties Unit 2 (33-66 mbsf) is identified by high variability in P-wave velocity, bulk density, porosity, and NGR. There are two identifiable spikes in NGR and bulk density (33 and 52 mbsf) (Fig. F15) that correspond well to soft-sediment deformation interpreted as slumps (see "Explanatory Notes"). The lower boundary of PP Unit 2 is identified by an increase in porosity (30%-44%) and a decrease in P-wave velocity (1.75-1.7 km/s), bulk density (2.1-1.9 g/cm3), and NGR (24.5 cps) (Fig. F15). This corresponds to the boundary between litho-stratigraphic Units II and III (see "Lithostratigraphy").
Physical properties Unit 3 (66-145 mbsf) is characterized by low variability in P-wave velocity, bulk density, porosity, and NGR (Fig. F15). P-wave velocity, bulk density, and NGR trend to lower values. The decreased bulk density values and P-wave velocities are typical of the calcareous nannofossil ooze and calcareous nannofossil foraminiferal ooze found in this unit. The lower boundary for this unit is marked by an increase in NGR (2-7 cps) and an increase in the variability in bulk density and P-wave velocity and corresponds to the boundary between lithostratigraphic Units III and IV (see "Lithostratigraphy").
Physical properties Unit 4 (145-368 mbsf) is characterized by high variability in P-wave velocity, bulk density, and porosity, with generally low values of NGR resulting from the lithologic alternation of foraminiferal chalk and wackestones/packstones (see "Lithostratigraphy"). Low recovery precludes recognition of further physical properties units lower in the sedimentary section.
Clear correlations appear between physical properties and downhole logging data, especially between bulk density measurements. Unfortunately, the length of pipe necessary for hole stability precludes analysis of the first 110 mbsf of downhole logging data. GRA density values are well correlated to downhole density logs, although with increasing depth in the sequence, GRA densities become less than in situ densities (Fig. F16). Discrete P-wave velocities are also generally lower than downhole sonic logs (Fig. F16). These differences are due to the fact that discrete P-wave velocities and GRA bulk densities were not measured under in situ pressure conditions. NGR data measured on cores show similar patterns to the downhole NGR log even within the interval logged in pipe (Fig. F16).
Undrained peak and residual shear strength were measured on unconsolidated sediments from 0 to 66 mbsf (Fig. F17), and values varied between 4 and 75 kPa. Shear strength at Site 1134 is relatively constant from 0 to 33 mbsf and increases throughout the rest of the measured section.
Thermal conductivity at Site 1134 was measured from 0 to 155 mbsf, and values range from 0.9 to 1.4 W/(m·K) (Fig. F18). Thermal conductivity values increase through PP Unit 1 and 2 and decrease through PP Unit 3. These data correlate well to changes in bulk density (Fig. F18), confirming the importance of bulk density on thermal conductivity (see "Lithostratigraphy").
One Adara formation temperature determination was made at Site 1134. The mudline temperature was 9.30°C ± 0.012°C, and the formation temperature at 33 mbsf was 9.67°C ± 0.014°C. The values are similar to those measured at Site 1126, which is located at a similar water depth.