APPENDIX

 

Axoprunum bispiculum (Popofsky)

(Pl. P1, fig. 13)

Stylocontarium bispiculum Popofsky, 1912, p. 91, pl. 2, fig. 2; Chen, 1975, p. 454, pl. 21, figs. 1-2.

Axoprunum bispiculum (Popofsky) Takemura, 1992, p. 741, pl. 1, figs. 1-2; Hollis et al., 1997, p. 43, pl. 1, fig. 14.

Axoprunum irregularis Takemura (Pl. P1, figs. 15-16); Takemura, 1992, p. 752, pl. 3, figs. 8-11.

 

Axoprunum pierinae (Clark and Campbell)

(Pl. P1, fig. 14)

Lithatractus pierinae Clark and Campbell, 1942, p. 34, pl. 5, fig. 25.

Axoprunum pieridae (Clark and Campbell), gr., Sanfilippo and Riedel, 1973, p. 488, pl. 1, figs. 6-11; pl. 23, fig. 3; Petrushevskaya, 1975, p. 571; Caulet, 1991, p. 537; Takemura, 1992, p. 742, pl. 6, figs. 3-6; Strong et al., 1995, p. 208, fig. 10c; Crouch and Hollis, 1996, p. 26; Takemura, 1997, p. 112, pl. 1, fig. 1; O'Connor, 1999, pl. 10, fig. 12.

Botryocella pauciperforata O'Connor (Pl. P6, fig. 11); O'Connor, 1999, p. 42, pl. 5, figs. 20a-24.

Botryostrobus kerguelensis Caulet (Pl. P9, fig. 2); Caulet, 1991, p. 535, pl. 3, figs. 6-8.

Ceratocyrtis mashae Bjørklund (Pl. P6, fig. 5); Bjørklund, 1976, p. 1125, pl. 17, figs. 1-8.

Ceratocyrtis robustus? Bjørklund (Pl. P6, figs. 3-4); Bjørklund, 1976, p. 1125, pl. 17, figs. 9-10.

Remarks: Our specimens are very similar to Bjørklund's species, but poor preservation prevents a definite statement.

 

Ceratocyrtis sp. aff. C. stigi (Bjørklund), nov. comb (Pl. P6, fig. 2); aff. Lithomelissa stigi Bjørklund, 1976, p. 1125, pl. 15, figs. 12-17.

 

Ceratocyrtis stigi (Bjørklund), nov. comb

(Pl. P6, fig. 1)

Lithomelissa stigi Bjørklund, 1976, p. 1125, pl. 15, figs. 12-17.

Ceratocyrtis panicula Petrushevskaya, Petrushevskaya and Kozlova, 1972, p. 115.

Lithomelissa sp. C Chen, 1975, p. 458, pl. 11, figs. 4-5.

Lithomelissa sp. Bjørklund, 1976, pl. 15, figs. 9-11.

Ceratocyrtis stigi (Bjørklund), Nigrini and Lombari, 1984, p. N13, pl. 15, fig. 7.

 

Cornutella profunda Ehrenberg gr.

(Pl. P6, figs. 13-15)

Cornutella clathrata s.s. profunda Ehrenberg, 1854b, pl. 35BIV, fig. 24.

Cornutella verrucosa Ehrenberg, 1872a, p. 287; Ehrenberg, 1872b, pl. 9, fig. 16.

Cornutella profunda Ehrenberg, 1858, p. 31; Riedel, 1958, p. 232, pl. 3, figs. 1-2; Petrushevskaya, 1975, p. 587, pl. 13, figs. 32-33.

Corythospyris fiscella Goll gr. (Pl. P8, figs. 1-4); Goll, 1978, p. 178, pl. 5, figs. 1-21; Abelmann, 1990, p. 695, pl. 4, figs. 4a, 4b, 7.

Corythospyris jubata Goll (Pl. P8, fig. 5); Goll, 1978, p. 177, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7-17.

Cyrtolagena laguncula Haeckel (Pl. P7, fig. 14); Haeckel, 1878, p. 1451, pl. 75, fig. 10; Petrushevskaya, 1975, p. 583, pl. 14, figs. 3-4.

Dendrospyris stabilis Goll (Pl. P8, figs. 7-8); Goll, 1968, p. 1422-1423, pl. 173, figs. 16-18.

Dictyophimus archipilium Petrushevskaya (Pl. P7, fig. 10); Petrushevskaya, 1975, p. 583, pl. 25, figs. 1-2.

Dictyophimus craticula Ehrenberg (Pl. P7, fig. 9); Sanfilippo and Riedel, 1973, p. 609, pl. 19, fig. 1; pl. 33, fig. 11.

Dictyophimus sp. aff. D. archipilium Petrushevskaya (Pl. P7, fig. 11); aff. Petrushevskaya, 1975, p. 583, pl. 25, figs. 1-2.

Dictyoprora physothorax Caulet (Pl. P10, figs. 9-10); Caulet, 1991, p. 535, pl. 3, fig. 11.

Drymyomma? elegans Jørgensen gr. (Pl. P2, figs. 4-5); Bjørklund, 1976, p. 1132, pl. 3, figs. 1-4.

Eucyrtidium spinosum Takemura (Pl. P7, fig. 5); Takemura, 1992, p. 746, pl. 5, figs. 5-8.

 

Eucyrtidium punctatum (Ehrenberg)

(Pl. P7, fig. 6)

Lithocampe punctata Ehrenberg, 1844, p. 84.

Eucyrtidium punctatum (Ehrenberg), Ehrenberg, 1847, p. 43; Ehrenberg, 1854c, pl. 22, fig. 24.

Artostrobus zitteli Vinassa de Regny, 1900, p. 586, pl. 3, fig. 19.

Eucyrtidium punctatum (Ehrenberg) group, Chen, 1975, p. 495, pl. 15, fig. 8; Sanfilippo et al., 1973, p. 221, pl. 5, figs. 15-16.

Eucyrtidium punctatum (Ehrenberg) group, Weaver et al., 1976, p. 581, pl. 4, figs. 1-2; pl. 8, figs. 4-6.

Eucyrtidium punctatum Caulet, 1986, p. 852, pl. 5, fig. 9.

 

Eurystomoskevos petrushevskaae Caulet

(Pl. P7, fig. 13)

Diplocyclas sp. A Petrushevskaya and Kozlova, 1972, p. 541, pl. 33, figs. 14-16; Petrushevskaya, 1975, p. 587, pl. 24, fig. 4.

Eurystomoskevos petrushevskaae Caulet, 1991, p. 536, pl. 3, figs. 14-15.

Lithomelissa gelasinus O'Connor (Pl. P5, fig. 4); O'Connor, 1997, p. 69, pl. 2, figs. 3-6; pl. 6, figs. 6-9, text-fig. 4; Hollis et al., 1997, p. 52, pl. 3, figs. 15-16; O'Connor, 2000, p. 206, pl. 1, figs. 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b.

Lithomelissa sp. aff. Lithomelissa ehrenbergi Bütschli (Pl. P5, fig. 5); aff. Bütschli, 1882, p. 519, fig. 21.

Lithomelissa dupliphysa Caulet (Pl. P5, fig. 1); Caulet, 1991, p. 534, pl. 2, fig. 4.

Lithomelissa tricornis Chen (Pl. P5, fig. 3); Chen, 1975, p. 458, pl. 8, figs. 6-7; Abelmann, 1990, p. 695, pl. 5, fig. 3; Takemura, 1992, p. 744, pl. 2, figs. 11-12; Hollis et al., 1997, p. 53.

Lophocyrtis (Apoplanius) klydus? Sanfilippo and Caulet (Pl. P7, fig. 8); Sanfilippo and Caulet, 1998, p. 12, pl. 3a, figs. 11-12; pl. 3b, figs. 10-11; pl. 5, figs. 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 8, 10, 11.

Lophophaena capito Ehrenberg (Pl. P6, fig. 6); Ehrenberg, 1873, p. 242; 1875, pl. 8, fig. 6; Crouch and Hollis, 1996, p. 26.

 

Lychnocanoma conica (Clark and Campbell)

(Pl. P7, fig. 1)

Lychnocanoma conicum Clark and Campbell, 1942, p. 71, pl. 9, fig. 38.

Lychnocanella conica Petrushevskaya, 1975, p. 583, pl. 12, figs. 2, 11-15.

Lychnocanoma conica Abelmann, 1990, p. 697, pl. 6, fig. 8; pl. 7, fig. 1a, 1b.

Lychnocanoma sp. cf. Lychnocanoma babylonis (Clark and Campbell) (Pl. P7, fig. 2); cf. Dictyophimus babylonis Clark and Campbell, 1942, p. 67, pl. 9, figs. 32, 36.

Lychnocanoma babylonis (Clark and Campbell).

 

Lychnocanoma tripodium (Ehrenberg)

(Pl. P7, fig. 3)

Lychnocanium tripodium Ehrenberg, 1875, pl. 7, fig. 2.

Lychnocanoma tripodium (Ehrenberg), in Haeckel, 1887, p. 1229.

Perichlamydium limbatum Ehrenberg (Pl. P4, fig. 3); Ehrenberg, 1854b, pl. 22, fig. 20; Haeckel, 1887, p. 514; Petrushevskaya, 1975, p. 575, pl. 6, fig. 11; pl. 39, figs. 1-4.

Plannapus hornibrooki O'Connor (Pl. P10, fig. 12); O'Connor, 1999, p. 7, pl. 1, figs. 7a-10; pl. 5, figs. 8a-11, text-fig. 2; O'Connor, 2000, p. 207, pl. 1, figs. 10a, 10b-11a, 11b.

Plannapus mauricei O'Connor (Pl. P10, fig. 13); O'Connor, 1999, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 11-14; pl. 5, figs. 12a-15; O'Connor, 2000, p. 208, pl. 1, figs. 12a, 12b-13a, 13b.

 

Genus PRUNOPYLE Stöhr

Remarks: Spumellarians with pylomes, a well-developed cortical shell, and internal spiral or spongy structures ("prunoids") were first clearly described by Stöhr (1880) from Sicily. His drawings, however, do not clearly match any known material from more recent studies either of the Mediterranean region or the Antarctic. Stöhr also did not leave behind any type material for reanalysis. Thus, his genus concepts cannot be used with any degree of confidence. Dreyer (1889) described several prunoid species and genera, working with the same set of Challenger expedition materials used by Haeckel. As these materials are still available for restudy, it seems best to use this publication for determining the priority of generic concepts. Dreyer's family level concepts were the artificial ones introduced by Haeckel, and partly in consequence, he included many distantly related forms in his analysis. He also considered that any larger than average cortical shell pore was the same homologous structure—a pylome. Thus, his new genera often would now be assigned to widely different families. Dreyer's type species for the genus Prunopyle appears, on examination of the illustration and text description, to actually be a stylosphaerid, thus not suitable for prunoid taxa, as defined here. Although the distinction between Dreyer's genera that do refer to prunoid morphologies is not yet fully clear, the closest match to our material is his genus Larcopyle, and we tentatively assign our material to it.

 

Prunopyle? fragilis (Stöhr)

(Pl. P3, fig. 13)

Ommatodiscus fragilis Stöhr, 1880, p. 116, pl. 6, fig. 10.

Lithocarpium fragilis (Stöhr), Petrushevskaya, 1975, p. 572, pl. 4, figs. 2-4.

Prunopyle frakesi Chen, 1975, p. 454, pl. 10, figs. 1-3.

Prunopyle sp. B gr. Abelmann, 1990, p. 693, pl. 4, fig. 3a, 3b.

Prunopyle fragilis (Stöhr), Crouch and Hollis, 1996, p. 26; Hollis et al., 1997, p. 47, pl. 2, figs. 28-29; O'Connor, 1999, pl. 8, fig. 8.

Prunopyle? hayesi Chen (Pl. P3, fig. 9); Chen, 1975, p. 454, pl. 9, figs. 4-5.

 

Prunopyle? polyacantha Clark and Campbell gr.

(Pl. P3, figs. 11, 12)

Larnacantha polyacantha Campbell and Clark, 1944 p. 30, pl. 5, fig. 4; Caulet, 1991, p. 539; Crouch and Hollis, 1996, p. 26.

Lithocarpium polyacantha (Campbell and Clark), Petrushevskaya, 1975 (in part), p. 572, pl. 3, figs. 6-8, fig. 9 (not pl. 29, fig. 6); Abelmann, 1990, p. 694, pl. 4, fig. 2; O'Connor, 1993, p. 37, pl. 2, figs. 12-13.

Prunopyle? titan Clark and Campbell (Pl. P3, fig. 14); Prunopyle titan Campbell and Clark, 1944a, p. 20, pl. 3, figs. 1-3; Caulet, 1986, p. 853; Abelmann, 1990, p. 693, fig. 16.

Prunopyle cf. titan Clark and Campbell; O'Connor, 1993, p. 33, pl. 1, figs. 16-17, pl. 10, fig. 1; Crouch and Hollis, 1996, p. 26; Hollis et al., 1997, p. 49, pl. 2, figs. 31-32; O'Connor, 1999, pl. 1, fig. 9.

Prunopyle? trypopyrena Caulet (Pl. P3, fig. 10); Caulet, 1991, p. 533, pl. 1, figs. 5-7.

 

Pseudodictyophimus gracilipes (Bailey) gr.

(Pl. P7, fig. 12)

Dictyophimus gracilipes Bailey, 1856, p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 8.

Pseudodictyophimus gracilipes (Bailey), Petrushevskaya, 1971, p. 93, figs. 47-49; 1975, p. 592, pl. 11, fig. 17; Caulet, 1986, p. 853.

Pterosyringium hamata O'Connor (Pl. P5, fig. 2); O'Connor, 1999, p. 27, pl. 4, figs. 16-21b; pl. 7, figs. 20a-23.

 

Siphocampe acephala (Ehrenberg) gr.

(Pl. P9, figs. 14-17)

Eucyrtidium elegans Ehrenberg, 1854b, pl. 36, fig. 17; 1875, pl. 11, fig. 12.

Siphocampe acephala (Ehrenberg) gr., Hollis et al., 1997, p. 54, pl. 4, figs. 8-20.

Siphocampe cf. acephala (Ehrenberg), Nigrini, 1977, p. 254, pl. 3, fig. 5.

Siphocampe missilis O'Connor, 1994, p. 340, pl. 1, figs. 7, 9, 12; pl. 3, figs. 8-12; O'Connor, 1999, p. 36, pl. 9, fig. 41.

 

Siphocampe arachnea (Ehrenberg) gr.

(Pl. P9, figs. 12-13)

Eucyrtidium lineatum arachneum Ehrenberg, 1861, p. 229.

Lithomitra arachnea (Ehrenberg), Riedel, 1958, p. 242, pl. 4, figs. 7-8.

Siphocampe arachnea (Ehrenberg) gr., Nigrini, 1977, p. 255; Caulet, 1991, p. 539.

 

Siphocampe nodosaria (Haeckel)

(Pl. P9, fig. 11)

Lithomitra nodosaria Haeckel, 1887, p. 1484, pl. 9, fig. 1.

Siphocampe arachnea Abelmann, 1990, p. 698, pl. 8, fig. 4a, 4b.

Siphocampe imbricata Caulet, 1991, p. 539, pl. 3, fig. 13.

Siphocampe nodosaria Hollis et al., 1997, p. 55, pl. 4, figs. 28-32.

Siphocampe? elizabethae sensu Hollis (Pl. P9, fig. 18); Hollis et al., 1997, p. 55, pl. 4, fig. 27.

Spirocyrtis greeni O'Connor (Pl. P9, fig. 1); O'Connor, 1999, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 15-20b; pl. 5, figs. 16a-19.

Spongodiscus sp. aff. Spongodiscus maculatus Clark and Campbell (Pl. P4, fig. 1); aff. Clark and Campbell, 1942, emend. Blueford, 1988, p. 254, pl. 7, figs. 6-7.

Spongopyle osculosa Dreyer (Pl. P4, fig. 2); Dreyer, 1889, p. 42, pl. 11, figs. 99-100; Abelmann, 1990, p. 693, pl. 3, fig. 11.

Stylodictya aculeata Jørgensen (Pl. P4, fig. 6); Jørgensen, 1905, p. 119, pl. 10, fig. 41; Petrushevskaya, 1967, p. 35, pl. 17, figs. 1-3; Abelmann, 1990, p. 693, pl. 3, fig. 9.

Stylodictya ocellata? Ehrenberg (Pl. P4, fig. 5); Ehrenberg, 1873, p. 258; Ehrenberg, 1875, pl. 23, fig. 7.

Stylodictya validispina Jørgensen (Pl. P4, fig. 7); Jørgensen, 1905, p. 119, pl. 10, fig. 40; Petrushevskaya, 1967, p. 33, fig. 17, IV-V; Abelmann, 1990, p. 693, pl., 3, fig. 10.

 

Stylosphaera radiosa Ehrenberg gr.

(Pl. P1, figs. 6-8)

Stylosphaera radiosa Ehrenberg, 1854a, p. 256; Ehrenberg, 1875, pl. 24, fig. 5.

Druppatractus? agostinelli Carnevale, 1908, p. 20, pl. 3, fig. 10.

Amphisphaera radiosa (Ehrenberg) group Petrushevskaya, 1975, p. 570, pl. 2, figs. 18-20.

Stylosphaera coronata coronata Ehrenberg, Chen, 1975, p. 455, pl. 5, figs. 1-2.

 

Tripodiscinus clavipes (Clark and Campbell)

(Pl. P6, fig. 9)

Tripilidium clavipes Clark and Campbell, 1942, p. 64, pl. 9, fig. 29.

Tripodiscinus clavipes Hollis et al., 1997, p. 53, pl. 3, figs. 28-29.