APPENDIX

Plates P1, P2, P3, and P4 figure some key diatom marker species as well as other typical diatoms found in Hole 1140A.

Actinocyclus curvatulus Janisch in Schmidt

Actinocyclus ingens Rattray (Pl. P1, fig. 6)

Actinocyclus karstenii Van Heurck

Actinocyclus ochotensis Jousé

Actinocyclus octonarius Ehrenberg (Pl. P3, fig. 2)

Actinocyclus oculatus Jousé

Actinocyclus thumii Hanna

Actinoptychus bipunctatus Lohman (Pl. P1, fig. 4)

Actinoptychus senarius (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg; Hendey

Araniscus lewisianus (Greville) Komura (Pl. P1, fig. 15)

Asterolampra insignis Schmidt

Asterolampra marylandica Ehrenberg

Asteromphalus concavus Harwood and Maruyama

Asteromphalus inaequabilis Gersonde

Asteromphalus oligocenicus Schrader and Fenner (Pl. P4, fig. 1)

Asteromphalus symmetricus Schrader and Fenner

Azpeitia endoi Kanaya (Pl. P3, fig. 5)

Azpeitia tabularis (Grunow) Fryxell and Sims

Biddulphia deodora Hanna and Grant

Cavitatus jouseanus (Sheshukova-Poretzkaya) Williams (Pl. P2, fig.1)

Cestodiscus pulchellus Greville

Corethron criophilum Castracane

Coscinodiscus asteromphalus Ehrenberg (Pl. P3, fig. 3)

Coscinodiscus decrescens Grunow (Pl. P3, fig. 1)

Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenberg (Pl. P1, fig. 1)

Coscinodiscus monicae Grunow

Coscinodiscus rhombicus Castracane (Pl. P2, fig. 11)

Craspedodiscus coscinodiscus Ehrenberg

Crucidenticula ikebei Akiba and Yanagisawa

Crucidenticula kanayae Akiba and Yanagisawa

Crucidenticula nicobarica (Grunow) Akiba and Yanagisawa (Pl. P1, fig. 13)

Crucidenticula punctata (Schrader) Akiba and Yanagisawa

Dactyliozolen antarcticus Castracane (Pl. P1, fig. 2)

Denticulopsis hustedtii Simonsen and Kanaya (Pl. P1, figs. 10, 11)

Denticulopsis lauta (Bailey) Simonsen

Denticulopsis maccollumii Simonsen (Pl. P1, fig. 9)

Denticulopsis punctata Schrader

Dimerogramma fossile (Grunow) Cleve and Moller

Ethmodiscus rex Wallich

Eucampia antarctica (Castracane) Mangin

Goniothecium decoratum Brun

Hemiaulus sp. aff. H. giganteus Ehrenberg (Pl. P2, fig. 12)

Hemiaulus altus Hajós

Hemiaulus danicus Grunow

Hemiaulus inaequilaterus Gombos (Pl. P2, fig. 7)

Hemiaulus incisus Hajós

Hemiaulus polycystinorum Ehrenberg (Pl. P2, fig. 4)

Hemiaulus polymorphus Grunow

Hemiaulus pungens Grunow (Pl. P2, figs. 5, 6)

Hemiaulus spp.

Remarks: Original description of genus is from Ehrenberg, 1884. Valves are elliptical with long thin processes, linking by apical spines. Valve face is curved, merging with the deep mantles. Simple round pores or large elliptical to rectangular holes are closed by complex cribra. One rimoportula is usually present in a central of offset position, but is sometimes absent. Copulae are more finely areolate than the valves, split with pointed ends. Specimens identifiable to this genus but not to the species level were all indentified as Hemiaulus sp. in this paper.

Nitzschia barronii Gersonde

Nitzschia denticuloides Schrader

Nitzschia grossepunctata Schrader

Nitzschia kerguelensis (O'Meara) Hasle (Pl. P1, fig. 14)

Opephora gemmata (Grunow) Hustedt

Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Kützing (Pl. P1, fig. 5)

Pseudorocella barbadensis Deflandre (Pl. P4, fig. 7)

Pseudotriceratium chenevieri (Meister) Gleser (Pl. P4, fig. 8)

Pyxilla johnsoniana (Grevelle) Hendey

Rhaphoneis cocconeides Schrader

Rhaphoneis elongata (Schrader) Andrews

Rhizosolenia spp.

Remarks: Original description of genus is from Ehrenberg, 1841. Valves are asymmetrical, conelike, drawn out into a "spine," often with shoulders at the base. Areolae are small, round to quadrate, and arranged in vertical rows, often indistinct when viewed from the outside because each areola is closed externally by a delicate plate penetrated by one to several slits or pores. Specimens identifiable to this genus but not to the species level were all indentified as Rhizosolenia sp. in this paper.

Riedelia claviger (Schmidt) Schrader and Fenner

Rocella gelida (Mann) Bukry

Rocella praenitida Schrader and Fenner, in Kim et Barron (Pl. P4, fig. 5)

Rocella vigilans var. "a" (<40 µm) (Schmidt) Fenner see var. "a" of Harwood and Maryuma (Pl. P4, fig. 6)

Rouxia granda Schrader in Schrader and Fenner

Rouxia spp.

Remarks: Original description of genus is from Brun and Heribaud, 1893. Valves are kidney shaped with broadly rounded apices. Valve surface is slightly convex with a central depression. The raphe bars are well developed with a rectangular, narrow central area. Two rudimentary raphes are present. Transapical ribs are present. Specimens identifiable to this genus but not to the species level were all indentified as Rouxia sp. in this paper.

Sceptroneis aff. mayenica Ehrenberg

Sceptroneis mayenica Fenner in Schrader and Fenner (Pl. P2, fig. 8)

Sceptroneis praecaducea Hajós and Stradner

Sceptroneis propinqua Schrader and Fenner

Sceptroneis spp.

Remarks: Original description of genus is from Ehrenberg, 1844. Valves are elongate and slightly curved, with a broad, slightly capitate head-pole and a narrow base-pole; swollen in the central part. Valve mantle is sharply turned down, virtually at a right angle to the flat valve face. Striae are uniseriate, oriented at right angles to a rather indistinct central sternum. Areolae are large, round, or elliptical, containing perforate rotae across their external apertures. Specimens identifiable to this genus but not to the species level were all indentified as Sceptroneis sp. in this paper.

Stephanogonia hanzawae Kanaya (Pl. P1, fig. 12)

Stephanopyxis sp. (1-spire) (Greville and Arnott) Ralfs in Pritchard

Stephanopyxis barbadensis Greville (Pl. P4, fig. 4)

Stephanopyxis eoceanica Hajós

Stephanopyxis spinosissima Grunow

Stephanopyxis turris group (Greville and Arnott) Ralfs in Pritchard (Pl. P1, figs. 7, 8; Pl. P2, figs. 2, 3; Pl. P4, figs. 2, 3)

Stephanopyxis turris var. trispinosus (Greville and Arnott) Ralfs in Pritchard (Pl. P2, figs. 9, 10)

Stictodiscus sp. cf. S. kittonianus Greville

Thalassionema schraderi Akiba

Thalassiosira spp.

Remarks: Original description of genus is from Cleve, 1873. Valve are circular, with a flat valve face and short downturned mantles or sometimes almost watchglasslike. Areolae are usually loculate, arranged in radial rows, tangential rows, or arcs, varying in size and prominence. The areolae are open to the outside by circular foramina, sometimes with fingerlike projections; internally they are occluded by slightly raised cribra. Valve mantle is plain or with spines of varied form; mantle edge is often very prominently ribbed and rimmed. Fultoportulae are present in a ring around the valve mantle opening externally by short tubes. Specimens identifiable to this genus but not to the species level were all identified as Thalassiosira sp. in this paper. (Pl. P3, fig. 4)

Thalassiothrix longissima Cleve and Grunow

Triceratium cruciforme Schmidt

Triceratium inelegans Greville

Triceratium macroporum Hajós (Pl. P1, fig. 3)

Triceratium pileus Ehrenberg

Triceratium schulzii Jousé

Triceratium spp.

Remarks: Original description of genus is from Ehrenberg, 1841. Valves are triangular or sometimes square, shallow, and often ornamented with simple or branched spines. Valve face is flat or slightly convex; mantles are very shallow. Areolae are loculate, opening externally via large foramina, the bases of the locules are formed by a continuous sheet of silica with rows of pores radiating from a central annulus. Margin of valves face is raised, with a single row of stalked or spathulate collared tubes, which are the exits on rimoportulae. Specimens identifiable to this genus but not to the species level were all identified as Triceratium sp. in this paper.

Xanthiopyxis oblonga Ehrenberg