REFERENCES

Aubele, J.C., Crumpler, L.S., and Elston, W.E., 1988. Vesicle zonation and vertical structure of basalt flows. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 35:349-374.

Cashman, K.V., and Kauahikaua, J.P., 1997. Reevaluation of vesicle distributions in basaltic lava flows. Geology, 25:419-422.

Cashman K.V., Thornber, C.T., Kauahikaua, J.P., 1999. Cooling and crystallization of lava in open channels, and the transition of Pahoehoe lava to a'a. Bull. Volcanol. (Heidelberg), 61:306-323.

Coffin, M.F., Frey, F.A., Wallace, P.J., et al., 1999. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 183 [CD-ROM]. Available from: Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-9547, U.S.A. [HTML version]

Dutton, C.E., 1884. Hawaiian volcanoes, U.S. Geol. Surv. Annu. Rep., 4:75-219.

Hon, K., Kauahikaua, J.P., Denlinger, R., and Mackay, K., 1994. Emplacement and inflation of pahoehoe sheet flows: observations and measurements of active lava flows on Kilauea, Hawaii. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 106:351-370.

Keszthelyi, L., 2000. The brecciated lava flows of the Kerguelen Plateau: what are they? Eos, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 8:S431 (Abstract).

Keszthelyi L., and Denlinger, R.,1996. The initial cooling of pahoehoe flow lobes. Bull. Volcanol., 58:5-18.

Keszthelyi, L., and Thordarson, T., 2000. Rubbly pahoehoe: a previously undescribed but widespread lava type transitional between a'a and pahoehoe. Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Progr., 32:7. (Abstract).

Keszthelyi, L., Thordarson, T., and Self, S., 2001. Rubbly pahoehoe: implications for flood basalt eruptions and their atmospheric effects. Eos, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 82:F1407.

Macdonald, G.A., 1953. Pahoehoe, a'a, and block lava. Am. J. Sci., 251:169-191.

————, 1972. Volcanoes: Englewood Cliffs (Prentice-Hall).

Peterson, D.W., and Tilling, R. I., 1980. Transition of basaltic lava from pahoehoe to aa, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: field observations and key factors. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 7:271-293.

Rowland, S.K., and Walker, G.P.L., 1987. Toothpaste lava: characteristics and origin of a lava structural type transitional between pahoehoe and aa. Bull. Volcanol., 49:631-641.

————, 1990. Pahoehoe and aa in Hawaii: volumetric flow rate controls the lava structure. Bull. Volcanol., 52:615-628.

Self, S., Keszthelyi, L., and Thordarson, T., 1998. The importance of pahoehoe. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci, 26:81-110.

Swanson, D.A., 1973. Pahoehoe flows from 1969-1971 Mauna Ulu eruption, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 84:615-626.

Thordarson, T., and Self, S., 1998. The Roza Member, Columbia River Basalt Group: a gigantic pahoehoe lava flow field formed by endogenous processes? J. Geophys. Res., 103: 27,411-27,445.

Walker, G.P.L., 1989. Spongy pahoehoe in Hawai'i: a study of vesicle-distribution patterns in basalt and their significance. Bull. Volcanol., 51:199-209.

Wentworth, C.K., and Macdonald, G.A., 1953. Structures and forms of basaltic rocks in Hawaii. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull.