Figure F8. Comparison of the benthic foraminifer 18O record (Cheng et al., this volume) and the records of biologically influenced element parameters: Ba/Al ratio, P/Al ratio, and CaCO3 content. Stratigraphy and oxygen isotope stages (OIS) from Tian et al. (this volume). Shaded areas indicate interglacial periods. Average shale data are from Wedepohl (1971, 1991). C. wuellerst. = Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi.