A total of ~700 samples collected from 170 to 850 mcd at Site 1148 were examined for planktonic foraminifers. Sample spacing varies from 10 to 50 cm and is mostly between 30 and 40 cm unless core recovery was poor.
Samples were processed with standard techniques. Residue >63 µm was collected and separated into two fractions using a 150-µm sieve. The >150-µm fraction was examined using the species concept of Blow (1979), Kennett and Srinivasan (1983), and Bolli and Saunders (1985). The P- and N-zonation scheme developed by Blow (1979) and modified by Berggren et al. (1995) was adopted, and ages for species datums were mainly adopted from Berggren et al. (1995) and Chaisson and Pearson (1997), as summarized in Wang, Prell, Blum, et al. (2000) (Fig. F2). Species ranges that were found to be shorter at Site 1148 than in the open ocean are considered local ranges. Table T1 and Figure F3 list the observation results, and Figures F4 and F5 summarize the stratigraphic range of most species at Site 1148.