SUBJECT INDEX

A

abundance, planktonic foraminifers, B11:1–21

Actinocyclus ellipticus, vs. depth, B6:7

age models

biogenic opal, B21:2

stable isotope stratigraphy, B3:3

age vs. depth

magnetic polarity, A6:58; A7:88; A8:40; A9:108

sedimentation rates, A6:59; A7:89; A8:41; A9:109

Site 1143, A4:50, 56; B8:33

Site 1144, A5:43, 51; B19:14

Site 1145, A6:32, 36

Site 1146, A7:49, 53; B8:34

Site 1147, A8:17, 21

Site 1148, A9:61, 64

age vs. depth models

sedimentation rates, A4:94; A5:83; B21:6

South China Sea, A1:70

alkalinity

pore water, A4:21; A5:18; A6:13–14; A7:18; A8:8; A9:22

vs. depth, A4:59; A5:57; A6:38; A7:56; A8:23; A9:68

alkenones

stratigraphy, B17:1–17

vs. age, B17:14

alkenones, long-chain

sediments, B18:5

vs. depth, B18:13, 15

alkyl diols

sediments, B18:5

vs. depth, B18:13, 15

alkyl keto-ols

sediments, B18:5

vs. depth, B18:13, 15

Allerød. See Bølling/Allerød level

aluminum. See arsenic/aluminum ratio; barium/aluminum ratio; chromium/aluminum ratio; cobalt/aluminum ratio; magnesium/aluminum ratio; manganese/aluminum ratio; nickel/aluminum ratio; phosphorus/aluminum ratio; potassium/aluminum ratio; rubidium/aluminum ratio; silicon/aluminum ratio; titanium/aluminum ratio; vanadium/aluminum ratio; zirconium/aluminum ratio

aluminum/potassium ratio, nannofossil clay, B12:6

aluminum oxide

nannofossil clay, B12:1–25

sediments, B19:6

vs. age, B12:19–20, 22; B19:19

vs. titanium oxide, B12:18

See also potassium oxide/aluminum oxide ratio; silica/aluminum oxide ratio

ammonium

pore water, A4:21; A5:18; A6:13–14; A7:18; A8:8; A9:22

vs. depth, A4:59; A5:57; A6:38; A7:56; A8:23; A9:68

Andaman Sea, paleoceanography, A1:9

Arabian Sea, monsoon, A1:13

aridification

lithologic units, A9:11

nannofossil clay, B14:2–3

arsenic, clay geochemistry, B12:10

arsenic/aluminum ratio, vs. age, B12:24

Asia E, global climate, A1:1–77

Asian monsoon system, global climate, A1:1–77

astronomical forcing, faunal responses to climate change, B11:8

Atlantic-type carbonate cycle, nannofossil clay, B12:5

atmospheric circulation, evolution, A1:4–7, 45

Australian Plate, collision, A1:4

authigenesis

lithologic units, A5:7–9

siderite, B13:5–6

Azpeitia nodulifer, vs. depth, B6:7

B

barium, green clay, B15:5

barium/aluminum ratio

biomediation, B12:8–10

vs. age, B12:23

Bashi Strait, tectonics, A1:4

basins

evolution, A1:13–14

sediments, A1:7–8

basins, margins, paleoclimatology, A1:14

Bay of Bengal, paleoceanography, A1:9

bicarbonate, vs. depth, A9:51

Big Lost Event, sediments, A1:23

biodegradation, green clay, B15:5–8

Biogenic Bloom Event, mass accumulation rates, B21:3

biogenic material, sediments, A1:8

biohorizons

biostratigraphy, A9:14

summary, A4:90; A5:80; A6:55; A7:82–83; A8:37; A9:98–99

biomarkers, lipids, B18:5–6

biomediation, clay geochemistry, B12:8–10

biostratigraphic datums, planktonic foraminifers, B2:29

biostratigraphy

sedimentation rates, A7:12; A8:7; B2:10–11

Site 1143, A4:11–14

Site 1144, A5:9–11

Site 1145, A6:7–8

Site 1146, A7:10–12

Site 1147, A8:4–5

Site 1148, A9:12–14

bioturbation

lithologic units, A4:8–10; A6:5; A7:6, 8–9; A8:4; A9:7–11

photograph, A4:48; A9:56

sediments, A1:27–28

Bølling/Allerød level, oxygen isotope chronostratigraphy, B2:5

Borneo, subduction, A1:4

Bouma sequence, lithologic units, A4:9–11; A9:8

Brunhes/Matuyama boundary

sediments, A1:21, 23; A4:16; A6:10; A7:13; A8:6; A9:15

stratigraphy, B2:9

bulk density logs

vs. bulk density, A4:76

vs. depth, A4:73–74; A7:69; A9:84–85

vs. porosity logs, A5:70

burrows

lithologic units, A6:5; A7:6, 8; A8:4; A9:7–11

photograph, A6:30

butane, sediments, A9:18, 110–112

C

calcareous sediment, green, photograph, A7:47

calcite

green clay, B15:4

nannofossil clay, B14:2

vs. depth, A5:40; A6:31; A7:44; A9:60; B14:5

calcium

pore water, A4:22; A5:18–19; A6:14; A7:18–19; A8:8; A9:22

vs. depth, A4:59; A5:57; A6:38; A7:56; A8:23; A9:68

vs. magnesium, A4:22, 59; A9:69

calcium oxide

sediments, B19:6

vs. age, B19:19

vs. carbonate carbon, B12:16

calcium oxide–quartz–clay minerals, ternary diagram, B12:17

caliper logs, vs. depth, A4:73–74; A5:68–69; A7:67; A9:80

carbon. See sulfur/carbon ratio

carbon, carbonate, vs. calcium oxide, B12:16

carbon, inorganic, sediments, A4:19, 96–99; A5:15, 85–87; A6:11, 60; A7:15–16, 92–94; A8:7, 42; A9:18–19, 113–115; B16:1–9

carbon, total, sediments, A4:96–99; A5:85–87; A6:60; A7:16, 92–94; A8:42; A9:113–115

carbon, total organic

organic matter, A9:20–21

Rock-Eval pyrolysis, A6:61; A7:95; A9:116

Rock-Eval pyrolysis vs. by difference, A5:54, 88

sediments, A4:19–20, 96–99; A5:85–87; A6:11, 60; A7:92–94; A8:7, 42; A9:19–20, 113–116; B16:1–9

vs. age, B16:7

vs. chlorin, A5:56

vs. depth, A4:58; A5:53; A6:37; A7:55; A8:22; A9:65; B16:5–6

vs. total nitrogen, A5:55

carbon/nitrogen ratio

organic matter, A5:16; A6:12–13; A7:16; A8:7; A9:20–21

sediments, A4:19; A5:85–87; A7:92–94; A9:18, 113–115

vs. depth, A5:53; A6:37; A7:55; A8:22; A9:65

carbon dioxide

evolution, A1:4–7

sediments, A5:14–15

carbon isotopes

chronostratigraphy, B2:11–15

foraminifers, B3:1–8; B4:1–8

Globigerinoides ruber, B2:1–29

methane, B13:4, 15

organic matter, B20:1–13

vs. age, A1:48; B2:24; B3:6; B4:5; B5:6–7; B20:10–11

vs. depth, B2:22; B3:5; B4:6; B5:5

carbon isotopes, methane, vs. methane/(ethane + propane) ratio, B13:13

carbon number predominance, sediments, B18:3, 10

carbon preference index, sediments, B18:3, 10

carbonate compensation depth

foraminifer datums, B9:8–9

nannofossil clay, B12:5

sediments, A1:8

carbonate content

lithologic units, A6:4–5; A7:9

nannofossil clay, B12:1–25

sediments, A4:9–11, 96–99; A5:85–87; A6:60; A7:92–94; A8:42; A9:18–19, 113–115; B16:1–9; B19:5

vs. age, B12:19, 23; B16:7–8; B19:21

vs. depth, A5:53; A6:37; A7:55, 69; A8:22; A9:51, 65, 84–85; B9:21; B16:5–6

carbonate cycles. See Atlantic-type carbonate cycle

carbonates

sedimentation, A1:34–35

ternary diagram, B12:17

vs. age, A1:73

vs. depth, A4:57, 78

Cavolinia, lithologic units, A7:6

Cenozoic

stratigraphy, A1:50

tectonics, A1:4

chalcophile elements, clay geochemistry, B12:10

Changjiang River, paleoclimatology, A1:6–7

chemical index of alteration

nannofossil clay, B12:6; B19:7–8

vs. age, B19:20

China, monsoon stages, A1:49

chloride

pore water, A4:20; A5:17–18; A6:13; A7:17–18; A8:8; A9:21–22; B13:3, 11

vs. depth, A4:59; A5:57; A6:38; A7:56; A8:23; A9:68

chlorin

organic carbon, A5:16–17

sediments, A5:89–91

vs. depth, A5:56

vs. total organic carbon, A5:56

chlorite

green clay, B15:4, 14

nannofossil clay, B14:2

paleoclimatic cyclicity, B22:3–4

paleoclimatology, B19:6–7

reflectance, B22:9

sediments, B19:5

vs. age, B19:18

vs. depth, A5:40; A6:31; A7:44; A9:60; B14:5–6

See also kaolinite/chlorite ratio; smectite/(illite + chlorite) ratio

chlorite/quartz ratio

nannofossil clay, B14:2

vs. depth, B14:7

chlorite–smectite mixed minerals, green clay, B15:4, 14

Chondrites

lithologic units, A4:9–10; A7:9; A9:8–11

sediments, A1:27

chromium/aluminum ratio, nannofossil clay, B12:6–7

chronostratigraphy

nannofossils, B10:16–17

oxygen isotopes, B2:4–10

sedimentation rates, A5:13

Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, stable isotope stratigraphy, B3:1–8; B15:16; B17:15

clasts, mud, lithologic units, A9:8–9

clasts, rip-up, photograph, A9:57

clay

lithologic units, A4:8–10; A5:6–9; A6:4–7; A7:5–9; A8:3–4; A9:6–11

vs. depth, A9:51; B9:21

clay, carbonate-rich

lightness, A7:80; A8:35; A9:93–96

lithologic units, A6:5–7; A7:6; A8:4

clay, green

autocorrelogram of interval between clay layers, B15:17

bulk density, B15:18–19

clay mineralogy, B15:4

depths and ages, B15:18

diagenetic origin, B15:5–8

geochemistry, B15:4–5, 22

grain size, B15:4

lithologic units, A6:5; A7:6; A8:3–4; A9:9–11

paleoenvironment, A1:30–31; B15:1–23

photograph, A4:46

spatial and temporal distribution, B15:5, 15

vs. depth, A4:45; A7:45; A8:15; A9:52

clay, nannofossil

geochemistry, B12:1–25

lithologic units, A7:5–9; A9:8–11

mineralogy, B14:1–10

photograph, A9:54

clay fraction, siliciclastics, B19:8–9

clay mineralogy

green clay, B15:4

paleoclimatic cyclicity, B22:1–10

reflectance, B22:9

sediments, B19:5

See also calcium oxide–quartz–clay minerals

clay minerals

lithologic units, A9:11

ternary diagram, B12:17

climate, evolution, A1:4–7

climate change, faunal responses, B11:8

coarse fraction

sediments, B16:9

vs. age, B16:7

vs. depth, B11:14; B16:5–6

cobalt, clay geochemistry, B12:10

cobalt/aluminum ratio, vs. age, B12:24

coccolithophores, alkenone stratigraphy, B17:1–17

coccoliths, vs. depth, A5:44

coercivity

hysteresis, B1:3–4

vs. depth, B1:8

coercivity ratio, vs. depth, B1:8

coercivity remanence

hysteresis, B1:3–4

vs. depth, B1:8

coercivity remanence/coercivity ratio

hysteresis, B1:3–4

vs. depth, B1:8

cold water. See warm/cold water ratio

collision, Philippine Sea Plate, A1:4

color changes

lithologic units, A7:5–9; A9:6–11

photograph, A9:56

See also lightness; reflectance

composite depths

Site 1143, A4:84

Site 1144, A5:77

Site 1145, A6:51

Site 1146, A7:76–77

Site 1147, A8:33

Site 1148, A9:91

composite section

Site 1143, A4:6–7

Site 1144, A5:4–6

Site 1145, A6:3–4

Site 1146, A7:4–5

Site 1147, A8:2–3

Site 1148, A9:5

compressional wave velocity

sediments, A4:25–26; A5:21; A6:16

vs. depth, A4:67; A6:44; A7:60; A8:29; A9:75

vs. velocity logs, A4:76

See also velocity logs

concretions

authigenic siderite, B13:1–15

lithologic units, A9:6–7, 10–11

continental slope, paleoenvironment, A1:29–37

convoluted bedding, lithologic units, A9:8

cooling, alkenone stratigraphy, B17:1–17

coral reefs, tectonics, A1:4

coring, summary, A1:76–77

coring penetration, vs. age, A1:66

correlation

composite section, A4:6–7

foraminifer datums, B9:6–7

gamma-ray attenuation bulk density, A4:38–40; A5:33–35; A7:35–38; A8:13; A9:41–45

gamma rays, A5:30–32; A7:31–34; A8:12; A9:36–40

magnetic susceptibility, A4:32–34; A5:5, 27–29; A6:3–4; A7:4, 27–30; A8:3, 11; A9:5, 31–35

reflectance, A4:41–43; A5:36–38; A7:39–42; A8:14; A9:46–50

correlation between Site 1146 and Site 1148, B9:19

Cretaceous–Paleocene sequence, topography, A1:3–4

crust, oceanic, plate tectonics, A1:4

cyclic sedimentation, clay geochemistry, B12:10–11

Cyclotella spp., vs. depth, B6:7

D

Dansgaard–Oeschger Events

interstadials, B2:6–10

paleoceanography, A1:9

turbidite, A4:11

deep resistivity logs, vs. depth, A5:68–69; A7:67; A9:80

demagnetization

overprints, A4:15–17; A6:35

sediments, A5:12–13

demagnetization, alternating-field sediments, A4:52; A5:49

density. See bulk density logs

density, bulk

green clay, B15:20–21

paleoceanographic proxies, A1:13

sediments, A4:23–24; A5:20–21; A6:15–16

vs. bulk density logs, A4:76

vs. depth, A1:55–56, 58, 60–62, 64–65; A5:58; A6:39; A7:59; A9:72

density, core log, vs. depth, A5:72

density, dry, vs. depth, A5:62; A6:42; A7:61; A8:27; A9:73

density, gamma-ray attenuation bulk

correlation, A4:38–40; A5:33–35; A6:23–24; A7:35–38; A8:13; A9:41–45

vs. moisture and density bulk density, A4:62; A5:61

density, grain

sediments, A4:23–24; A5:20–21; A6:15–16

vs. depth, A4:60; A5:62; A6:42; A7:61; A8:27; A9:73

density, log bulk, vs. depth, A5:72

density, moisture and density bulk

vs. gamma-ray attenuation bulk density, A4:62; A5:61; A8:26

vs. thermal conductivity, A4:69

density logs. See bulk density logs

detrital component elements, vs. benthic foraminifer elements, B12:22

diagenesis

geochemistry, B12:24

green clay, B15:5–8

lithologic units, A5:7–9

pore water, A6:13–14

diatom abundance, vs. depth, B6:8–9

diatoms

biostratigraphy, B6:1–9

lithologic units, A6:5; A7:6

zonation, B6:6

dinoflagellates

abundance, B7:24–25

biostratigraphy, B7:1–29

comparison, B7:8–9

range chart, B7:26–27

zonation, B7:5–9

dissolution

foraminifer datums, B9:7–8

lithologic units, A7:9

vs. depth, B11:14

dolomite

lithologic units, A7:8–9; A9:10

vs. depth, A5:40; A6:31; A7:44

E

Earth's orbit, evolution, A1:4–7

East China Sea Shelf, paleoceanography, A1:8–10

Eocene, paleoclimatology, A1:6–7

eolian transport, sediments, A1:13

Equatorial Warm Current, paleoclimatology, A1:14

erosion, uplifts, A1:11

ethane

carbon isotopes, B13:15

sediments, A5:14–15; A7:14–15, 90–91; A9:17–18, 110–112; B13:4

vs. depth, B13:12

See also methane/ethane ratio; methane/(ethane + propane) ratio

ethene, sediments, A9:18, 110–112

ethyl ketones, sediments, B18:5, 9

F

fatty acids, long-chain, sediments, B18:4, 9

faults, lithologic units, A9:10–11

faults, normal, photograph, A9:58

ferromagnetism, magnetic susceptibility, B1:2–3, 6

flaser bedding, photograph, A9:59

foraminifer datums

distribution, B8:42–43; B9:24, 26; B21:9

geochronology, B11:3–4

zonation, B9:5–6, 14

foraminiferal fragmentation, vs. depth, A5:45; A6:33; B11:14

foraminifers

lithologic units, A5:8–9; A7:5–9; A8:3–4; A9:8

paleoenvironment, A1:30–31

vs. depth, A5:45

foraminifers, benthic

biomediation, B12:9, 19, 22–23

biostratigraphy, A4:14; A5:10–11; A6:8; A7:11; A8:5; A9:14

stable isotope stratigraphy, B3:1–8; B4:1–8; B5:1–12

vs. depth, A5:45

foraminifers, cold water, abundance vs. depth, B11:16

foraminifers, deep water, abundance vs. depth, B11:17

foraminifers, planktonic

biostratigraphy, A4:13–14; A5:10; A6:7–8; A7:10–11; A8:5; A9:13–14; B8:1–43; B9:1–26

checklist, A4:93; A5:82; A6:57; A7:86–87; A8:39; A9:105–107

cyclic abundance spectrum, B11:19

distribution, B8:38–41

first and last occurrences, B8:35

middle Pleistocene, B11:1–21

monsoon, A1:12

stable isotope stratigraphy, B2:1–29; B4:1–8; B5:1–12; B19:14–15, 18–21

zonation, B8:3–7

See also pteropods/planktonic foraminifers ratio

foraminifers, warm water, abundance vs. depth, B11:15

forcing, precession, A1:11

Formation MicroScanner imagery

resistivity, A5:73; A7:71; A9:86

turbidite, A4:80

vs. lightness, A4:79

fractures, lithologic units, A9:10–11

G

gamma-ray logs

vs. depth, A1:74; A4:75, 77–78; A5:68–69, 71; A7:68, 70; A9:81–83

vs. gamma rays, A4:77

gamma rays, correlation, A5:30–32; A6:21–22; A7:31–34; A8:12; A9:36–40

paleoceanographic proxies, A1:13

sediments, A4:25

vs. depth, A4:35–37, 65; A5:56, 59; A6:41; A7:58; A8:25; A9:71

vs. gamma-ray logs, A4:77

gas hydrates, geochemistry, B13:5–6

gases, headspace, geochemistry, B13:4

gases, sediments, A9:17–18

Gauss/Matuyama boundary, sediments, A6:9

geochemistry

changes in time, B12:4–5

sediments, B12:1–25

geochemistry, inorganic

Site 1143, A4:20–23

Site 1144, A5:17–19

Site 1145, A6:13–15

Site 1146, A7:17–19

Site 1147, A8:7–9

Site 1148, A9:21–23

upper Pliocene, B12:25

geochemistry, organic

Site 1143, A4:18–20

Site 1144, A5:13–17

Site 1145, A6:11–13

Site 1146, A7:14–17

Site 1147, A8:7

Site 1148, A9:16–21

geochronology, foraminifer datums, B11:3–4

geothermal gradient

hydrocarbons, A1:32

sediments, A6:17; A7:22; A9:26

glaciation

alkenone stratigraphy, B17:1–17

clay geochemistry, B12:5–7

foraminifer datums, B11:4–5

oxygen isotopes, B4:1–8

paleoceanography, A1:9

paleoclimatology, B19:7–8

stratigraphy, B2:6–14

glauconite, green clay, B15:4

glauconitization, green clay, B15:4–8

global climate, Asian monsoon system, A1:1–77

Globigerina bulloides, vs. age, A1:48

Globigerinoides ruber, stable isotope stratigraphy, B2:1–29; B3:1–8; B19:14–15, 18–21

Globorotalia inflata. See Globorotalia menardii/Globorotalia inflata ratio

Globorotalia menardii/Globorotalia inflata ratio, vs. depth, A5:45

grain size

coercivity remanence/coercivity ratio, B1:4

green clay, B15:4, 20–21

sediments, B19:4–5

siliciclastics, B19:8–9

standard deviation values vs. grain size class, B19:17

volume percent of each grain size class of interglacial and glacial samples, B19:16

vs. age, B19:15

grain size, mean, vs. age, B19:21

Great Asian Bank, paleoceanography, A1:8–10

Great Australian Bank, paleoceanography, A1:8–10

Greenland ice core GISP2, oxygen isotopes, B2:23

gypsum, paleoclimatology, A1:6–7

H

halite, paleoclimatology, A1:6–7

haptophyte algae, sediments, B18:5

heat flow, sediments, A4:26; A5:22; A6:17; A7:22; A9:26

Heinrich events, stratigraphy, B2:6–10

hemipelagic material

paleoenvironment, A1:30–31

sediments, A1:8

hiatuses, stratigraphy, B2:9–10

Himalayan–Tibetan orography, evolution, A1:4–7

Himalayan–Tibetan Plateau Complex, evolution, A1:5–7

Holocene

oxygen isotope chronostratigraphy, B2:5

See also Miocene–Holocene interval

Holocene/Preboreal summer monsoon maximum, paleoceanography, A1:9

humic material, carbon isotopes, B20:6–7, 13

hydrocarbons

geothermal gradient, A1:32

sediments, A5:14–15; A7:14–15; A9:17–18

vs. depth, A9:66

hydrocarbons, headspace, vs. depth, A7:54

hydrocarbons, volatile, sediments, A4:18

hydrogen index

organic matter, A5:16; A9:20–21

sediments, A5:88; A6:61; A7:95; A9:116

vs. oxygen index, A9:67

hydrogen isotopes, pore water, B13:11

hysteresis, saturation magnetization, B1:3–4

I

illite

nannofossil clay, B14:2

paleoclimatic cyclicity, B22:3–4

paleoclimatology, B19:6–7

reflectance, B22:9

sediments, B19:5

vs. age, B19:18

vs. depth, A5:40; A6:31; A7:44; A9:60; B14:5–6

See also smectite–illite mixed minerals; smectite/(illite + chlorite) ratio

illite/quartz ratio

nannofossil clay, B14:2

vs. depth, B14:7

impedance, acoustical

reflectors, A2:3

vs. seismic stratigraphy, A2:16, 21, 29, 35

iron, ferric, green clay, B15:4–5, 20–21

iron oxide

clay geochemistry, B12:10

sediments, B19:6

vs. age, B12:24; B19:19

iron sulfide

green clay, B15:4–7

lithologic units, A9:6–7

vs. depth, A7:45; A8:15; A9:52

iron sulfide, dispersed, vs. depth, A5:41

J

Jaramillo Subchron, sediments, A1:23; A6:10; A7:13; A8:6; A9:15

K

kaolinite

lithologic units, A7:10

nannofossil clay, B14:2

paleoclimatic cyclicity, B22:3–4

paleoclimatology, B19:7

reflectance, B22:9

sediments, B19:5

vs. age, B19:18

vs. depth, A7:44; A9:60; B14:5–6

kaolinite/chlorite ratio

nannofossil clay, B14:2

vs. depth, B14:7

kaolinite/quartz ratio, vs. depth, B14:7

kerogen, sediments, A4:96–99

Kuroshio Current

paleoceanography, A1:9

paleoclimatology, A1:14

L

laminations

lithologic units, A4:10; A9:8

photograph, A9:59

Laschamp Event, sediments, A1:19

Last Glacial Maximum

oxygen isotope chronostratigraphy, B2:5

paleoceanography, A1:8–10

leaf wax, sediments, B18:4

lightness

carbonate-rich clay, A6:6–7; A7:80; A8:35; A9:93–96; B9:21

lithologic units, A7:9

vs. age, B19:21

vs. depth, A4:41–43, 66; A6:27, 43; A7:43, 62; A8:15; A9:51, 53

vs. Formation MicroScanner imagery, A4:79

See also reflectance

lipids, biomarkers, B18:5–6

lipids, marine and terrigenous, sediments, B18:1–16

lithium

pore water, A4:22–23; A5:19; A6:14; A7:19; A8:8–9; A9:23; B13:3, 11

vs. depth, A4:59; A5:57; A6:38; A7:56; A8:23; A9:68

lithologic units

Site 1143, A4:8–11

Site 1144, A5:6–9

Site 1145, A6:4

Site 1146, A7:5–10

Site 1147, A8:3–4

Site 1148, A9:5–11

Unit I, A4:8–10; A5:6–7; A6:4–7; A7:5–7; A8:3–4; A9:6–7

Unit II, A7:7–8; A9:7

Unit III, A7:8–9; A9:8

Unit IV, A9:8

Unit V, A9:8–9

Unit VI, A9:9–10

Unit VII, A9:10–11

vs. age, A1:66

lithology

paleoenvironment, A1:30–31

vs. depth, A1:55–56, 58, 60, 62, 64–65; A4:44; A5:39; A6:27; A7:43; A8:15; A9:52

lithostratigraphy

Site 1143, A4:8–11

Site 1144, A5:6–9

Site 1145, A6:4–7

Site 1146, A7:5–10

Site 1147, A8:3–4

Site 1148, A9:5–12; B9:22

Liyue Bank, sediments, A1:7–8

Luzon Arc, tectonics, A1:4

M

magnesium

pore water, A4:22; A5:18; A6:14; A7:18–19; A8:8; A9:22

vs. calcium, A4:22, 59; A9:69

vs. depth, A4:59; A5:57; A6:38; A7:56; A8:23; A9:68

magnesium/aluminum ratio, nannofossil clay, B12:6–7

magnesium oxide

sediments, B19:6

vs. age, B19:19

magnetic anomalies, plate tectonics, A1:4

magnetic declination

sediments, A4:51

vs. depth, A4:53–54; A5:47–48; A6:34; A7:50–52; A8:18–20; A9:62–63

magnetic field, vs. depth, A5:70; A7:70; A9:82–83

magnetic inclination, vs. depth, A4:53–55; A5:47–48; A6:34; A7:50–52; A8:18–20; A9:62–63

magnetic intensity, vs. depth, A5:46

magnetic intensity/magnetic susceptibility ratio, vs. depth, A5:50

magnetic polarity

age vs. depth, A6:58; A7:88; A8:40; A9:108

remanent magnetization, A5:11–13

magnetic properties, sediments, B1:1–8

magnetic reversals, remanent magnetization, A5:11–13

magnetic susceptibility

correlation, A4:32–34; A5:5, 27–29; A6:3, 19–20; A7:27–30; A8:3, 11; A9:5, 31–35

paleoceanographic proxies, A1:13

sediments, A4:25; B1:2–3

vs. depth, A1:55–56, 58, 60, 62, 64–65; A4:64; A5:46, 60; A6:40; A7:57; A8:24

See also magnetic intensity/magnetic susceptibility ratio

magnetic susceptibility logs, vs. depth, A1:75; A5:72; A7:67, 69; A9:80, 84–85

magnetization, normalized, sediments, A5:12–13

major elements

sediments, B19:6

vs. age, B12:20–21; B19:19

manganese, clay geochemistry, B12:10

manganese/aluminum ratio

clay geochemistry, B12:10

vs. age, B12:24

marine isotope stages

foraminifers, B9:8–9

oxygen isotope chronostratigraphy, B2:5–10; B19:14–15, 18–21

position, B11:20

marine isotope Stages 2–5, oxygen isotope chronostratigraphy, B2:5–8

marine isotope Stages 6–11, oxygen isotope chronostratigraphy, B2:8–9

marine isotope Stages 12–25, oxygen isotope chronostratigraphy, B2:9

marine isotope Stages 26–(?)34, oxygen isotope chronostratigraphy, B2:9–10

"maritime continent," paleoceanography, A1:8–10

mass accumulation rates

age vs. depth models, A5:83

biogenic opal, B21:2–3

planktonic foraminifers, B8:7–8

sedimentation, A1:37–38

Site 1143, A4:17–18

Site 1144, A5:13

Site 1145, A6:10

Site 1146, A7:13–14

Site 1147, A8:7

Site 1148, A9:16

vs. age, B8:36–37; B16:8; B19:14; B21:7

vs. depth, A1:6, 55–56, 58, 60, 62, 64–65; A9:70; B1:6

vs. linear sedimentation rates, A4:56; A5:51; A6:36; A7:53; A8:21; A9:64

mass accumulation rates, carbonate

vs. age, B21:7

vs. linear sedimentation rates, A1:71–72

mass accumulation rates, total

vs. age, A1:71–72

vs. linear sedimentation rates, A1:71–72

mass flows, lithologic units, A9:11

Matuyama Chron. See Brunhes/Matuyama boundary; Gauss/Matuyama boundary

medium resistivity logs, vs. depth, A4:74, 78; A5:68–69; A7:67; A9:80

Mekong River, sediments, A1:8

methane

carbon isotopes, B13:4, 15

sediments, A1:24–25, 29; A4:18; A5:14–15, 84; A7:14–15, 90–91; A9:17–18, 110–112; B13:4

vs. depth, A1:69; A5:52; B13:12

methane/ethane ratio

sediments, A5:14–15; A7:14–15, 90–91; B13:4

vs. depth, A7:54; A9:66

methane/(ethane + propane) ratio, vs. carbon isotopes of methane, B13:13

methyl ketones, sediments, B18:5, 9

microalgae, sediments, B18:3–5

microfaults, lithologic units, A4:10

microtektites, stratigraphy, B2:9

Mid-Pleistocene Revolution, foraminifer datums, B11:4–5

millenial variations

monsoon, A1:12

stratigraphy, B2:6–7

Mindanao Warm Current, paleoclimatology, A1:14

mineralogy, bulk

green clay, B15:20–21

lithologic units, A5:7–9

sediments, B19:5

vs. depth, A5:40; A7:44; A9:60

mineralogy, nannofossil clay, B14:1–10

Miocene

biostratigraphy, A7:10–12; A9:12–14

mass accumulation rates, B8:7–8

nannofossil biostratigraphy, B10:7–8

paleoclimatology, A1:7, 15–18

planktonic foraminifer distribution, B9:23

planktonic foraminifer ranges, B9:16

planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, B8:1–43; B9:1–26

sedimentation rates, A7:14; A9:16; B10:10

zonal boundaries, B9:25

See also Oligocene/Miocene boundary; Oligocene–Miocene interval; Oligocene–Miocene transition

Miocene, lower

dinoflagellate biostratigraphy, B7:1–29

green clay layers, B7:1–29

lithologic units, A7:8–9; A9:9–10

sedimentation, A1:34–35

siderite concretions, B13:5

Miocene, middle

lithologic units, A7:7–9; A9:7–8

sedimentation, A1:35

Miocene, upper

biogenic opal, B21:1–12

lithologic units, A4:8–10; A9:6–7

nannofossils, A4:11–13

sediment mineralogy, B14:1–10

sedimentation, A1:35–36

Miocene/Pliocene boundary

foraminifer datums, B9:6

nannofossils, B10:9

Miocene–Holocene interval, summary, A1:15–18

Miocene–Pleistocene interval, summary, A1:22–25

Miocene–Pliocene interval, reticulofenestrids, A1:12

mixed-layer clays, vs. depth, A9:60

monsoon

evolution, A1:4–7, 45, 51; B2:23

global climate, A1:1–77

millenial-scale variability, A1:12

nannofossil clay, B12:4–11

Neogene, A1:12

paleoceanographic proxies, A1:13

stages, A1:49

monsoon, summer, evolution, A1:10

monsoon, winter, evolution, A1:10–11

Monterey carbon positive excursion, stable isotope stratigraphy, B5:2

mottling

carbonate-rich clay, A6:6–7

lithologic units, A4:9–10; A5:7–9; A8:4

mudline, lithologic units, A6:4

muscovite, iron-rich, green clay, B15:14

N

n-alcohols, long-chain

sediments, B18:4, 9

vs. depth, B18:11–12

n-alkanes, long-chain

sediments, B18:3, 9–10

vs. depth, B18:11–12

n-fatty acids, long-chain, vs. depth, B18:11–12

nannofossil events, depths and ages, B10:23–24

nannofossils

abundance around NP25/NN1 zonal boundary, B10:19

chronostratigraphy, B10:16–17

lithologic units, A4:8–10; A5:6–9; A7:5–9; A8:3–4; A9:6–11; B10:1–24

paleoenvironment, A1:30–31

photograph, A9:59

vs. depth, A5:41, 44; A8:16

zonal correlation, B10:18

nannofossils, calcareous

biostratigraphy, A4:11–13; A5:9–10; A6:7; A7:10; A8:4–5; A9:12

checklist, A4:91–92; A5:81; A6:56; A7:84–85; A8:38; A9:100–104

Nansha Terrain, tectonics, A1:4

Neogene

alkenone stratigraphy, B17:1–17

diatoms, B6:1–9

monsoon, A1:12

paleoclimatology, A1:7

sediments, A1:24–25

stable isotope stratigraphy, B3:3; B4:1–8; B5:1–12

neotectonics, green clay, B15:16

nickel

clay geochemistry, B12:10

green clay, B15:6–7

nickel/aluminum ratio, vs. age, B12:24

nitrogen. See carbon/nitrogen ratio

nitrogen, total

sediments, A4:96–99; A5:85–87; A6:60; A7:92–94; A8:7, 42; A9:19–20, 113–115

vs. total organic carbon, A5:55

North Atlantic climate change, paleoceanography, A1:9

O

Oeschger Events. See Dansgaard–Oeschger Events

Olduvai Subchron, sediments, A1:23; A6:9; A7:13; A9:15

Oligocene

biostratigraphy, A9:12–14

dinoflagellate biostratigraphy, B7:1–29

paleoclimatology, A1:6–7

planktonic foraminifer distribution, B9:15

planktonic foraminifer ranges, B9:17

planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, B9:1–26

sedimentation, A1:33–34

sedimentation rates, A9:16; B10:10

unconformities, B9:18

Oligocene, lower

lithologic units, A9:10–11

nannofossil biostratigraphy, B10:5–7

Oligocene, upper, lithologic units, A9:9–10

Oligocene/Miocene boundary

dinoflagellates, B7:7–8

nannofossil biostratigraphy, B10:6–7

nannofossil marker species, B10:20

sedimentation, A1:34

Oligocene–Miocene interval, paleoceanography, B9:8–9

Oligocene–Miocene transition, unconformities, B10:10

ooze, bluish green pyrite-rich nannofossil, lithologic units, A7:8

ooze, clayey nannofossil, lithologic units, A7:5–9

ooze, foraminifer, lithologic units, A4:8–10

ooze, lithologic units, A6:4–5

ooze, nannofossil, lithologic units, A9:8

opal, biogenic

mass accumulation rates, B21:2–3, 7

upper Miocene–Quaternary, B21:1–12

vs. age, B21:7

opal, sediments, A1:8

organic matter

carbon isotopes, B20:1–13

carbon/nitrogen ratio, A5:16; A6:12–13; A7:16; A9:20–21

green clay, B15:5–8

paleoenvironment, A1:31

overprints, magnetization, A4:17

oxygen index

organic matter, A5:16

sediments, A5:88; A6:61; A7:95; A9:116

vs. hydrogen index, A9:67

oxygen isotope stage boundary 2/1, organic carbon, A5:15

oxygen isotope stage boundary 6/5e, organic carbon, A5:15

oxygen isotopes

biomediation, B12:9

chronostratigraphy, B2:4–10

foraminifers, B3:1–8; B4:1–8

Globigerinoides ruber, B2:1–29

pore water, B13:4

vs. age, B2:23–24; B3:6; B4:5; B5:6–7; B11:14, 18; B12:19, 22–23; B15:16; B17:15; B19:14–15

vs. depth, B2:21; B3:5; B4:6; B5:5; B9:21; B13:11

paleoceanographic proxies, monsoon, A1:13

paleoceanography

Oligocene–Miocene, B9:8–9

sediments, A1:8–10

Paleocene, paleoclimatology, A1:6–7

paleoclimatic cyclicity, Pleistocene, B22:1–10

paleoclimatology

alkenone stratigraphy, B17:1–17

biomarkers, B18:5–6

bulk and clay mineralogy, B19:6–9

comparison of Northern and Southern South China Sea, B11:8

evolution, A1:4–7, 51

planktonic foraminifers, B11:1–21

Quaternary, B2:13–15

paleoenvironment, sedimentation, A1:29–37; B15:1–23

Paleogene. See Cretaceous–Paleocene sequence

paleomagnetism

Site 1143, A4:15–17

Site 1144, A5:11–13

Site 1145, A6:8–10

Site 1146, A7:12–13

Site 1147, A8:5–6

Site 1148, A9:15

paleoproductivity

mass accumulation rates, B21:3

sediments, B18:5–6

See also productivity

Paralia sulcata, vs. depth, B6:7

paramagnetic minerals, magnetic susceptibility, B1:2–3

Pearl River, sediments, A1:8; B19:6

Pearl River Mouth Basin

sediments, A1:7–8

stratigraphy, A1:50

pellets, fecal, photograph, A6:28

pentane, sediments, A9:18, 110–112

petroleum, organic matter, A9:20–21

pH

pore water, A4:21; A5:18; A6:13–14; A7:18; A8:8; A9:22

vs. depth, A7:56

Philippine Sea Plate, collision, A1:4

phosphate

pore water, A4:21; A5:18; A6:13–14; A7:18; A8:8; A9:22

vs. depth, A4:59; A5:57; A6:38; A7:56; A8:23; A9:68

phosphorus, authigenic, green clay, B15:4–5, 20–21

phosphorus, detrital, green clay, B15:4–5

phosphorus, iron-bound, green clay, B15:4–5, 20–21

phosphorus, organic-bound, green clay, B15:4–5

phosphorus/aluminum ratio

biomediation, B12:9–10

vs. age, B12:23

photoelectric effect logs, vs. depth, A1:75; A4:78; A5:72; A7:69; A9:84–85

physical properties

Site 1143, A4:23–26

Site 1144, A5:19–22

Site 1145, A6:15–17

Site 1146, A7:19–22

Site 1147, A8:9

Site 1148, A9:23–26

physical properties unit interval 1, sediments, A7:20; A9:24

physical properties unit interval 2, sediments, A7:20; A9:24

physical properties unit interval 3, sediments, A7:20–21; A9:24–25

physical properties unit interval 4, sediments, A7:21; A9:25

physical properties unit interval 5, sediments, A7:21–22; A9:25

physical properties unit interval 6, sediments, A9:25

physical properties unit interval 7, sediments, A9:25

physical properties unit interval 8, sediments, A9:25

plagioclase

green clay, B15:4

lithologic units, A9:11

nannofossil clay, B14:2

vs. depth, A5:40; A6:31; A7:44; A9:60; B14:5–6

Planolites, lithologic units, A9:8–11

plate tectonics, seafloor spreading, A1:4

plateaus, evolution, A1:5–7

Pleistocene

biostratigraphy, A5:9–11; A8:4–5; A9:12–14

green clay layers, B15:1–23

lithologic units, A4:8–10; A5:6–9; A7:5–7; A8:3–4; A9:6–7

nannofossil biostratigraphy, B10:9–10

paleoclimatic cyclicity, B22:1–10

sediment mineralogy, B14:1–10

sedimentation, A1:36–37

sedimentation rates, A5:13; A7:14; A9:16; B10:10

sediments, A1:18–20; B19:1–21

stable isotope stratigraphy, B2:13–15

See also Mid-Pleistocene Revolution; Miocene– Holocene interval; Miocene–Pleistocene interval; Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary

Pleistocene, middle, paleoclimatology, B11:1–21

Pliocene

biogenic opal, B21:1–12

biostratigraphy, A7:10–12; A9:12–14

lithologic units, A4:8–10; A9:6–7

nannofossil biostratigraphy, B10:8–9

nannofossils, A4:11–13

sediment mineralogy, B14:1–10

sedimentation, A1:36–37

sedimentation rates, A7:14; A9:16; B10:10

sediments, A1:21; B12:1–25

See also Miocene–Holocene interval; Miocene–Pleistocene interval; Miocene/Pliocene boundary; Miocene–Pliocene interval

Pliocene, upper

biostratigraphy, A6:7–8

diatoms, B6:1–9

green clay layers, B15:1–23

inorganic geochemistry, B12:25

lithologic units, A6:4–7; A7:5–7

Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary

biostratigraphy, A9:14

nannofossil biostratigraphy, B10:9

nannofossils, A4:12

paleoclimatology, A1:15–18

pore water

geochemistry, A1:31–32; A4:100; A5:92–93; A6:62; A7:96; A8:42; A9:117; B13:1–15

salinity, B13:5–6

porosity

green clay, B15:20–21

sediments, A4:23–24; A5:20–21; A6:15–16

vs. depth, A1:56, 58, 60, 62, 64–65; A4:63; A5:62; A6:42; A7:61; A8:27; A9:73

porosity logs

vs. bulk density logs, A5:70

vs. depth, A4:73–74; A5:68–69; A7:67, 70; A9:80, 82–83

potassium

pore water, A4:21–22; A5:18; A6:14; A7:18–19; A8:8; A9:23

vs. depth, A4:59; A5:57; A6:38; A7:56; A8:23; A9:68

See also aluminum/potassium ratio

potassium/aluminum ratio

nannofossil clay, B12:6–7

vs. age, B12:21

potassium feldspar, green clay, B15:4

potassium logs, vs. depth, A4:75; A5:71; A7:68; A9:81

potassium oxide

nannofossil clay, B12:5

sediments, B19:6

vs. age, B12:20; B19:19

See also silica/potassium oxide ratio

potassium oxide/aluminum oxide ratio

sediments, B19:6

vs. age, B19:20

Preboreal summer monsoon maximum. See Holocene/Preboreal summer monsoon maximum

precession, forcing, A1:11

preservation

planktonic foraminifers, B9:4–5

vs. depth, A8:16

production index, sediments, A5:88; A6:61; A7:95; A9:116

productivity

biomediation, B12:8–10

diatoms, B6:1–9

See also paleoproductivity

propane

carbon isotopes, B13:15

sediments, A7:90–91; A9:17–18, 110–112; B13:4

vs. depth, B13:12

See also methane/(ethane + propane) ratio

provenance

nannofossil clay, B12:6–7

sediments, B19:6

Pseudoemiliania lacunosa, vs. depth, A5:44

pteropods, lithologic units, A6:5; A7:5–9

pteropods/planktonic foraminifers ratio, vs. depth, A5:45; A6:33

pyrite

green clay, B15:4–7

lithologic units, A5:7–9; A6:5; A7:6, 8; A8:4; A9:6–7, 10–11

photograph, A6:28; A7:47

vs. depth, A7:45; A8:15; A9:52

pyrite, macrocrystalline, vs. depth, A5:41

Q

quartz

chemical index of alteration, B19:7–8

green clay, B15:4

lithologic units, A8:3–4; A9:6–7, 11

nannofossil clay, B14:2

paleoclimatology, B19:6–7

sediments, B19:5

vs. age, B19:18, 21

vs. depth, A5:40; A6:31; A7:44; A9:60; B14:5–6

See also calcium oxide–quartz–clay minerals; chlorite/quartz ratio; illite/quartz ratio; kaolinite/quartz ratio; smectite/quartz ratio

Quaternary

biogenic opal, B21:1–12

biostratigraphy, A6:7–8; A7:10–12

diatoms, B6:1–9

lithologic units, A6:4–7

nannofossils, A4:11–13

paleoceanography, A1:9

paleoclimatology, B2:13–15

sediments, A1:20–22

See also Miocene–Holocene interval

R

radiolarians, lithologic units, A6:4; A7:6

red parameter, vs. depth, A6:27; A7:43; A8:15; A9:51; B9:21

Red River, sediments, A1:8

Red River fault zone, tectonics, A1:4

redox, clay geochemistry, B12:10, 24

reduction

green clay, B15:5–8

pore water, A6:13–14

Reed Bank

sediments, A1:7–8

See also Liyue Bank

reflectance

clay mineralogy, B22:9

correlation, A4:41–43; A5:36–38; A6:25–26; A7:39–42; A8:14; A9:46–50; B22:9

intervals of lighter colored sediments, A6:53

paleoceanographic proxies, A1:13

sediments, A4:25; A5:21; A6:16

vs. depth, A1:55–56, 58, 60, 62, 64–65; A4:66; A5:63; A6:43; A7:62; A8:28; A9:53, 74

See also lightness

reflectors

impedance, A2:3

sediments, A1:7–8; A2:1–37

remanence ratio, vs. depth, B1:7

remanent magnetization, anhysteretic

sediments, B1:3

vs. depth, B1:6

remanent magnetization, natural, sediments, A4:15–17; A5:11–13; A6:8–10; A7:12–13; A8:5–6; A9:15

remanent magnetization, saturation, vs. depth, B1:7

remanent magnetization, saturation/saturation magnetization ratio, vs. depth, B1:7

resistivity, Formation MicroScanner imagery, A5:73; A7:71; A9:86

resistivity logs

vs. depth, A4:73–74; A5:68–69; A7:67; A9:80

See also deep resistivity logs; medium resistivity logs

Reticulofenestra asanoi, vs. depth, A5:44

reticulofenestrids, Miocene/Pliocene sequence, A1:12

reworking, green clay, B15:7–8

rifting, lithologic units, A9:11

rubidium/aluminum ratio

nannofossil clay, B12:7

vs. age, B12:21

runoff

nannofossil clay, B12:7

vs. age, A1:48

Rupelian, dinoflagellates, B7:7–8

S

Sahul Bank, paleoceanography, A1:8–10

salinity

pore water, A4:20; A5:17–18; A6:13; A7:17–18; A8:8; A9:21–22; B13:4–6, 11

vs. depth, A4:59; A5:57; A6:38; A7:56; A8:23; A9:68

sandstone, photograph, A9:59

saturation magnetization

hysteresis, B1:3–4

vs. depth, B1:7

seafloor spreading, plate tectonics, A1:4

sea-level changes

clay geochemistry, B12:7

green clay, B15:16

lithologic units, A9:11

sediment flux, vs. age, A1:48

sedimentation

history, A1:32–37

paleoenvironment, A1:29–37

summary, A1:25–29

sedimentation rates

age vs. depth, A6:59; A7:89; A8:41; A9:109

age vs. depth models, A4:94; A5:83

biogenic opal, B21:3

biostratigraphy, A4:17–18; A6:8; A7:12; A8:7; A9:14; B2:10–11

chronostratigraphy, A5:13

Miocene, B10:10

Oligocene, B10:10

planktonic foraminifers, B8:7–8

Pleistocene, A5:13; B10:10

Pliocene, B10:10

Site 1143, A4:17–18

Site 1144, A5:13; B2:10–11, 25

Site 1145, A6:10

Site 1146, A7:13–14

Site 1147, A8:7

Site 1148, A9:16

vs. depth, B10:21

sedimentation rates, linear

vs. carbonate mass accumulation rates, A1:71–72

vs. mass accumulation rates, A4:56; A5:51; A6:36; A7:53; A8:21; A9:64

vs. total mass accumulation rates, A1:71–72

sediments

basins, A1:7–8

clay and bulk mineralogy, B19:5

geochemistry, B12:1–25

magnetic properties, B1:1–8

mineralogy, B14:1–10

Pleistocene, B19:1–21

stable isotope stratigraphy, B4:1–8

thickness, A4:95

vs. depth, A4:44

seismic profiles

Site 1143, A1:54; A2:12–16

Site 1144, A1:57; A2:18–20

Site 1145, A1:59; A2:22–23

Site 1146, A1:61; A2:24–28

Site 1147, A1:63; A2:31–34

Site 1148, A1:63; A2:30–34

seismic reflection, summary, A2:1–37

seismic stratigraphy

Site 1143, A2:4–5

Site 1144, A2:5–6

Site 1145, A2:6–7

Site 1146, A2:7–8

Site 1147, A2:8–9

Site 1148, A2:8–9

summary, A2:1–37

vs. acoustical impedance, A2:16, 21, 29, 35

shelf basins, tectonics, A1:4

shell fragments, lithologic units, A6:5

siderite, authigenic, concretion geochemistry, B13:1–15

silica

nannofossil clay, B12:1–25

pore water, A1:31–32; A4:21–22; A5:19; A6:14–15; A7:19; A8:8–9; A9:23

sediments, B19:6

vs. age, B12:19–20; B19:19

vs. depth, A1:67; A4:59; A5:57; A6:38; A7:56; A8:23; A9:68

silica, biogenic

lithologic units, A6:5

vs. depth, A9:51

silica, opaline, ternary diagram, B12:17

silica/aluminum oxide ratio

chemical index of alteration, B19:7–8

sediments, B19:6

vs. age, B19:20–21

silica/potassium oxide ratio

sediments, B19:6

vs. age, B19:20

siliceous microfossils, vs. depth, A5:45; A6:33

siliceous organisms, vs. depth, A5:41

siliciclastics

grain size, B19:8–9

lithologic units, A6:5–6

Pleistocene, B19:4–5

silicoflagellates, lithologic units, A6:5; A7:6

silicon/aluminum ratio

nannofossil clay, B12:5

vs. age, B12:20

silt, nodular, lithologic units, A6:6

silt, quartz, lithologic units, A5:6–9

silt fraction, siliciclastics, B19:8–9

Site 849, oxygen isotopes, B15:16

Site 1143, A4:1–103

background and objectives, A4:1–2

biogenic opal, B21:1–12

biostratigraphy, A4:11–14

carbonate and organic carbon, B16:1–9

composite depth, A4:84

composite section, A4:6–7

coring summary, A4:81–83

diatoms, B6:1–9

foraminiferal biostratigraphy, B8:1–43

inorganic geochemistry, A4:20–23

interval length between green clay events, B15:16

lithostratigraphy, A4:8–11

operations, A4:3–6

organic geochemistry, A4:18–20

organic matter carbon isotopes, B20:1–13

paleomagnetism, A4:15–17

physical properties, A4:23–26

sediment geochemistry, B12:1–25

sedimentation and accumulation rates, A4:17–18

seismic stratigraphy, A2:4–5

site description, A4:1–103

splice tie points, A4:85

summary, A1:15–18

wireline logging, A4:26–29

Site 1144, A5:1–97

background and objectives, A5:1–3

biostratigraphy, A5:9–11

composite depths, A5:77

composite section, A5:4–6

coring summary, A5:74–76

high-resolution stable isotope stratigraphy, B2:1–29

inorganic geochemistry, A5:17–19

lithostratigraphy, A5:6–9

magnetic properties, B1:1–8

operations, A5:3–4

organic geochemistry, A5:13–17

organic matter carbon isotopes, B20:1–13

paleomagnetism, A5:11–13

physical properties, A5:19–22

planktonic foraminifers, B11:1–21

sedimentation and accumulation rates, A5:13

sediments, B19:1–21

seismic stratigraphy, A2:5–6

site description, A5:1–97

splice tie points, A5:78

summary, A1:18–20

wireline logging, A5:22–24

Site 1145, A6:1–63

background and objectives, A6:1–2

biostratigraphy, A6:7–8

composite depths, A6:51

composite section, A6:3–4

coring summary, A6:48–50

inorganic geochemistry, A6:13–15

interval length between green clay events, B15:16

lithostratigraphy, A6:4–7

operations, A6:2–3

organic geochemistry, A6:11–13

paleomagnetism, A6:8–10

physical properties, A6:15–17

sedimentation and accumulation rates, A6:10

seismic stratigraphy, A2:6–7

site description, A6:1–63

splice tie points, A6:52

summary, A1:20–22

Site 1146, A7:1–101

background and objectives, A7:1–2

biostratigraphy, A7:10–12

calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B10:1–24

carbonate and organic carbon, B16:1–9

composite depths, A7:76–77

composite section, A7:4–5

coring summary, A7:72–75

foraminiferal biostratigraphy, B8:1–43

inorganic geochemistry, A7:17–19

interval length between green clay events, B15:16

lithostratigraphy, A7:5–10

Miocene–Pleistocene sediment mineralogy, B14:1–10

operations, A7:3–4

organic geochemistry, A7:14–17

organic matter carbon isotopes, B20:1–13

paleomagnetism, A7:12–13

physical properties, A7:19–22

Pleistocene paleoclimatic cyclicity, B22:1–10

pore water geochemistry, B13:1–15

sedimentation and accumulation rates, A7:13–14

seismic stratigraphy, A2:7–8

site description, A7:1–101

splice tie points, A7:78–79

stable isotope stratigraphy, B3:1–8

summary, A1:22–25

wireline logging, A7:22–25

Site 1147, A8:1–43

alkenone stratigraphy, B17:1–17

background and objectives, A8:1

biostratigraphy, A8:4–5

calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B10:1–24

composite depths, A8:33

composite section, A8:2–3

coring summary, A8:31–32

inorganic geochemistry, A8:7–9

lithostratigraphy, A8:3–4

operations, A8:2

organic geochemistry, A8:7

paleomagnetism, A8:5–6

physical properties, A8:9

sedimentation and accumulation rates, A8:7

seismic stratigraphy, A2:8–9

site description, A8:1–43

splice tie points, A8:34

stable isotope stratigraphy, B5:1–12

summary, A1:25–29

Site 1148, A9:1–122

alkenone stratigraphy, B17:1–17

background and objectives, A9:1–3

biostratigraphy, A9:12–14; B9:20

calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, B10:1–24

composite depths, A9:91

composite section, A9:5

coring summary, A9:87–90

dinoflagellate stratigraphy, B7:1–29

inorganic geochemistry, A9:21–23

interval length between green clay events, B15:16–17

lithostratigraphy, A9:5–12

marine and terrigenous lipids, B18:1–16

operations, A9:3–4

organic geochemistry, A9:16–21

organic matter carbon isotopes, B20:1–13

paleomagnetism, A9:15

physical properties, A9:23–26

planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy, B9:1–26

sedimentation and accumulation rates, A9:16

seismic stratigraphy, A2:8–9

site description, A9:1–122

splice tie points, A9:92

stable isotope stratigraphy, B5:1–12

summary, A1:25–29

wireline logging, A9:26–29

slumps, lithologic units, A4:9; A9:11

smectite

green clay, B15:4

lithologic units, A7:9

nannofossil clay, B14:2

paleoclimatic cyclicity, B22:3–4

paleoclimatology, B19:7

reflectance, B22:9

sediments, B19:5

vs. age, B19:18

vs. depth, A5:40; A6:31; A7:44; A9:60; B14:5–6

See also chlorite–smectite mixed minerals

smectite/(illite + chlorite) ratio

paleoclimatology, B19:7

reflectance, B22:9

sediments, B19:5

vs. age, B19:18

smectite/quartz ratio, vs. depth, B14:7

smectite–illite mixed minerals

green clay, B15:4, 14

paleoclimatic cyclicity, B22:3–4

sodium, pore water, B13:4

sodium oxide

sediments, B19:6

vs. age, B19:19

soft sediment deformation, photograph, A9:57

solar radiation, evolution, A1:4–7

South China Sea

global climate, A1:1–77

green clay layers, B15:1–23

splice tie points

Site 1143, A4:6–7, 85

Site 1144, A5:78

Site 1145, A6:52

Site 1146, A7:78–79

Site 1147, A8:34

Site 1148, A9:92

sponge spicules, lithologic units, A5:8–9; A6:4; A7:6

stable isotope stratigraphy, sediments, B2:1–29; B3:1–8; B4:1–8; B5:1–12

stratification, water column, B11:89

stratigraphy

Cenozoic, A1:50

stable isotopes, B3:1–8

stratigraphy, marine, vs. terrestrial stratigraphy, A1:12–13, 48

stratigraphy, terrestrial, vs. marine stratigraphy, A1:12–13, 48

strontium

clay geochemistry, B12:10

green clay, B15:5

pore water, A4:22–23; A5:19; A6:14; A7:19; A8:8–9; A9:23

vs. depth, A4:59; A5:57; A6:38; A7:56; A8:23; A9:68

subduction, Borneo, A1:4

submillenial-scale variations, stratigraphy, B2:6–7

subtropical fauna, monsoon, A1:12

sulfate

pore water, A1:31–32; A4:21; A5:17–18; A6:13; A7:18; A8:8; A9:22; B13:11

vs. depth, A4:59; A5:57; A6:38; A7:56; A8:23; A9:68

sulfur, total, sediments, A4:19, 96–99; A5:15–16, 85–87; A6:11, 60; A7:16–17, 92–94; A8:7, 42; A9:20, 113–115

sulfur/carbon ratio, sediments, A9:113–115

Sunda Shelf, paleoceanography, A1:8–10

T

Taiwan Island, tectonics, A1:4

tectonics, Asia E, A1:3–4, 47

temperature

alkenone stratigraphy, B17:1–17

sediments, A8:9

vs. depth, A1:68; A4:70–71; A5:65–66; A6:46–47; A7:64–65; A9:77–78

vs. time, A8:30

temperature, sea-surface

foraminifer datums, B11:4–5

paleoceanography, A1:8–9; B17:11

vs. age, B11:18; B17:13, 15

vs. depth, B18:14

tephra, photograph, A9:54

Termination Event I, organic carbon, A5:15

Termination Event II, organic carbon, A5:15

terrigenous material

composition, A6:6

geochemistry, B12:5–8, 20–21

sedimentation, A1:36–37

sediments, A1:8

Tethys, Cretaceous–Paleocene sequence, A1:3–4

Thalassionema nitzschioides, vs. depth, B6:7

thermal conductivity

sediments, A4:26, 101–102; A5:21, 94–96; A6:16–17, 63; A7:22, 97–100; A9:26, 118–120

vs. bulk density, A4:68

vs. depth, A4:67; A5:64; A6:45; A7:63; A9:76

thermocline, foraminifer datums, B11:7

thorium logs, vs. depth, A4:75; A5:71–72; A7:68–69; A9:81, 84–85

Tibetan Plateau, uplift, A1:3–4

titanium/aluminum ratio

nannofossil clay, B12:5

vs. age, B12:21

titanium oxide

nannofossil clay, B12:5–6

sediments, B19:6

vs. age, B12:20, 22; B19:19

vs. aluminum oxide, B12:18

trace elements

clay geochemistry, B12:10

vs. age, B12:20–21

trans-Himalyan volcanic arc, Cretaceous–Paleocene sequence, A1:3–4

transgression, sedimentation, A1:34–35

tropical fauna, monsoon, A1:12

troposphere, evolution, A1:4–7

turbidite

Formation MicroScanner imagery, A4:80

lithologic units, A4:8–10; A9:8

photograph, A4:49

sedimentation rates, A4:17–18

sediments, A4:87–89

turbidite, carbonate, photograph, A9:55

turbidite, foraminifer

lithologic units, A6:6

photograph, A7:46

U

unconformities

foraminifer datums, B9:7–8

Oligocene, B9:18

Oligocene–Miocene transition, B10:10

photograph, A4:47

uplifts

erosion, A1:11

Tibetan Plateau, A1:3–4

Upper Pacific Deep Water, paleoclimatology, B2:13

upper water stratification, foraminifer datums, B11:7

uranium logs, vs. depth, A4:75; A5:71; A7:68; A9:81

Uvigerina peregrina, stable isotope stratigraphy, B3:1–8; B17:15

V

vanadium/aluminum ratio, vs. age, B12:24

velocity logs

vs. compressional wave velocity, A4:76

vs. depth, A1:74; A4:73–74; A5:68–69; A7:67, 70; A9:80, 82–83

Vietnam, climate, A1:10

volcanic ash

green clay, B15:15

lithologic units, A4:9–10; A5:8; A7:7–8; A8:4; A9:7–8

paleoenvironment, A1:30

photograph, A4:48; A6:30; A7:46

sediments, A4:86; A5:79; A6:54; A7:81; A8:36; A9:97

vs. depth, A5:42

volcaniclastics

green clay, B15:5–8, 15

lithologic units, A6:5–6; A7:7; A8:4

W

warm/cold water ratio, vs. depth, B11:14

water/sediment interface, green clay, B15:6–7

water currents, nannofossil clay, B12:7–8

weathering

nannofossil clay, B12:6

uplifts, A1:11

weathering, chemical

nannofossil clay, B14:2–3

paleoclimatology, B19:7

well-log unit interval 1, sediments, A4:28–29; A7:23–24; A9:27–28

well-log unit interval 2, sediments, A4:29; A7:24; A9:28

well-log unit interval 3, sediments, A7:24; A9:28

well-log unit interval 4, sediments, A7:24–25; A9:28

well-log unit interval 5, sediments, A9:28

well-log unit interval 6, sediments, A9:28–29

well-logging, summary, A4:72, 103; A5:67, 97; A7:66, 101; A9:79, 121

Western Pacific Warm Pool

paleoceanography, A1:8

paleoclimatology, A1:14

wind, evolution, A1:45

wireline logging

Site 1143, A4:26–29

Site 1144, A5:22–24

Site 1146, A7:22–25

Site 1148, A9:26–29

wood fragments

carbon isotopes, B20:6, 13

lithologic units, A6:5

photograph, A6:29

X

X-ray diffraction data, lithologic units, A9:11

xenophyophorians, lithologic units, A7:6

Xisha–Zongsha Terrain, tectonics, A1:4

Y

Yangtze River. See Changjiang River

Younger Dryas, oxygen isotope chronostratigraphy, B2:5

Z

zirconium/aluminum ratio, vs. age, B12:21

zonation

diatoms, B6:6

dinoflagellates, B7:5–9, 23

foraminifer datums, B9:5–6

planktonic foraminifers, B8:3–7, 32

Zone A, biostratigraphy, B7:5–7, 9–10, 26–27

Zone B, biostratigraphy, B7:7–8, 10–12, 23, 26, 28

Zoophycos

lithologic units, A4:9–10; A7:8–9; A9:8–11

photograph, A7:48

sediments, A1:27