Table T4. Estimated ages of calcareous nannofossil events used during Leg 186, based on the time scales of Cande and Kent (1995) and Berggren et al. (1995).
 
Event
Zone
(base)
Age
(Ma)
Reference
FO acme Emiliania huxleyi
0.085 1
LO Helicosphaera inversa
0.155 2
FO Emiliania huxleyi CN15 0.248 2
LO Pseudoemiliania lacunosa CN14b 0.408 2
FO Helicosphaera inversa
0.505 2
LO Reticulofenestra asanoi
0.88 3
FO Gephyrocapsa parallela CN14a 0.94 3
FO Reticulofenestra asanoi
1.17 3
LO Helicosphaera sellii
1.26 3
LO Calcidiscus macintyrei
1.64 3
FO Gephyrocapsa oceanica
1.64 3
FO Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica CN13b 1.71 4

Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary
1.745 2
LO Discoaster brouweri CN13a 1.95 3
LO Discoaster pentaradiatus CN12d 2.36 3
LO Discoaster surculus CN12c 2.51 3
LO Discoaster tamalis CN12b 2.82 2
LO Sphenolithus spp. CN12a 3.62 5
LO Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus CN12a 3.83 3
LO Amaurolithus spp. CN11 4.50 6
FO Ceratolithus rugosus CN10c 5.046 7
FO Ceratolithus acutus CN10b 5.089 7
LO Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus
5.231 7

Miocene/Pliocene boundary
5.3
LO Discoaster quinqueramus CN10a 5.537 7
LO Amaurolithus amplificus
5.993 7
FO Amaurolithus amplificus
6.840 7
LO paracme R. pseudoumbilicus
7.100 7
FO Amaurolithus spp. CN9b 7.392 7
FO Discoaster berggrenii CN9a 8.281 7
FO Discoaster loeblichii CN8b 8.7 8
FO paracme R. pseudoumbilicus
8.788 7
LO Discoaster hamatus CN8a 9.635 7
LO Catinaster calyculus
9.641 7
FO Discoaster neohamatus
10.450 7
FO Discoaster hamatus CN7 10.476 7
FO Catinaster calyculus
10.705 7
FO Catinaster coalitus CN6 10.794 7
LO Coccolithus miopelagicus
10.941 7
LO Discoaster kugleri
11.520 7
FO Discoaster kugleri CN5b 11.831 7
LO Cyclicargolithus floridanus
13.2 9
LO Sphenolithus heteromorphus CN5a 13.523 7
LO Helicosphaera ampliaperta CN4 15.6 8
LO abundant Discoaster deflandrei
16.2 9
FO Sphenolithus heteromorphus CN3 18.2 8
LO Sphenolithus belemnos
18.3 8
FO Sphenolithus belemnos CN2 19.2 8
FO Discoaster druggii CN1c 23.3 10
LO Sphenolithus capricornutus
23.7 8

Oligocene/Miocene boundary
23.8
LO Sphenolithus delphix
23.8 8
LO Reticulofenestra bisecta CN1a 23.9 8

Notes: FO = first occurrence, LO = last occurrence. References are as follows: 1 = Thierstein et al. (1977); 2 = modified from Takayama and Sato (1987), Sato et al. (1991), Takayama (1993), and Kameo et al. (1995); 3 = Wei (1993); 4 = Berger et al. (1994); 5 = Backman and Schackleton (1983); 6 = Backman et al. (1990); 7 = Backman and Raffi (1997); 8 = Berggren et al. (1995); 9 = Raffi and Flores (1995).