|
Event
|
Zone/
subzone (base) |
Age
(Ma) |
Reference
|
|---|---|---|---|
| FO acme Emiliania huxleyi | 0.085 | 1 | |
| LO Helicosphaera inversa | 0.155 | 2 | |
| FO Emiliania huxleyi | CN15 | 0.248 | 2 |
| LO Pseudoemiliania lacunosa | CN14b | 0.408 | 2 |
| FO Helicosphaera inversa | 0.505 | 2 | |
| LO Reticulofenestra asanoi | 0.88 | 3 | |
| FO Gephyrocapsa parallela | CN14a | 0.94 | 3 |
| FO Reticulofenestra asanoi | 1.17 | 3 | |
| LO Helicosphaera sellii | 1.26 | 3 | |
| LO Calcidiscus macintyrei | 1.64 | 3 | |
| FO Gephyrocapsa oceanica | 1.64 | 3 | |
| FO Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica | CN13b | 1.71 | 4 |
| Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary | 1.745 | 2 | |
| LO Discoaster brouweri | CN13a | 1.95 | 3 |
| LO Discoaster pentaradiatus | CN12d | 2.36 | 3 |
| LO Discoaster surculus | CN12c | 2.51 | 3 |
| LO Discoaster tamalis | CN12b | 2.82 | 2 |
| LO Sphenolithus spp. | 3.62 | 5 | |
| LO Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus | CN12a | 3.83 | 3 |
| LO Amaurolithus spp. | CN11 | 4.50 | 6 |
| FO Ceratolithus rugosus | CN10c | 5.046 | 7 |
| FO Ceratolithus acutus | CN10b | 5.089 | 7 |
| LO Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus | 5.231 | 7 | |
| Miocene/Pliocene boundary | 5.3 | ||
| LO Discoaster quinqueramus | CN10a | 5.537 | 7 |
| LO Amaurolithus amplificus | 5.993 | 7 | |
| FO Amaurolithus amplificus | 6.840 | 7 | |
| LO paracme Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus | 7.100 | 7 | |
| FO Amaurolithus spp. | CN9b | 7.392 | 7 |
| FO Discoaster berggrenii | CN9a | 8.281 | 7 |
| FO Discoaster loeblichii | CN8b | 8.7 | 8 |
| FO paracme Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus | 8.788 | 7 | |
| LO Discoaster hamatus | CN8a | 9.635 | 7 |
| LO Catinaster calyculus | 9.641 | 7 | |
| FO Discoaster neohamatus | 10.450 | 7 | |
| FO Discoaster hamatus | CN7 | 10.476 | 7 |
| FO Catinaster calyculus | 10.705 | 7 | |
| FO Catinaster coalitus | CN6 | 10.794 | 7 |
| LO Coccolithus miopelagicus | 10.941 | 7 | |
| LO Discoaster kugleri | 11.520 | 7 | |
| FO Discoaster kugleri | CN5b | 11.831 | 7 |
| LO Cyclicargolithus floridanus | 13.2 | 9 | |
| LO Sphenolithus heteromorphus | CN5a | 13.523 | 7 |
| LO Helicosphaera ampliaperta | CN4 | 15.6 | 8 |
| LO abundant Discoaster deflandrei | 16.2 | 9 | |
| FO Sphenolithus heteromorphus | CN3 | 18.2 | 8 |
| LO Sphenolithus belemnos | 18.3 | 8 | |
| FO Sphenolithus belemnos | CN2 | 19.2 | 8 |
Notes: FO = first occurrence, LO = last occurrence. References: 1 = Thierstein et al. (1977), 2 = modified from Takayama and Sato (1987), Sato et al. (1991), Takayama (1993), and Kameo et al. (1995), 3 = Wei (1993), 4 = Berger et al. (1994), 5 = Backman and Shackleton (1983), 6 = Backman et al. (1990), 7 = Backman and Raffi (1997), 8 = Berggren et al. (1995), 9 = Raffi and Flores (1995), 10 = Berggren et al. (1985).