Figure F1. Schematic view of the cross section across the northeast Japan arc. Old (>120 Ma) Pacific plate is subducting nearly normal to the trench axis at 9-10 cm/yr. The top plate boundary reaches a depth of ~50 km beneath the eastern coastline. The volcanic front (VF) is ~100 km above the plate boundary. The Japan Sea is a backarc marginal sea. The horizontal stress field is east-west compression at present. The 1994 event ruptured from the shallow end to the deep end of the seismogenic zone.

Figure F1. Schematic view of the cross section across the northeast Japan arc. Old (>120 Ma) Pacific plate is subducting nearly normal to the trench axis at 9-10 cm/yr. The top plate boundary reaches a depth of ~50 km beneath the eastern coastline. The volcanic front (VF) is ~100 km above the plate boundary. The Japan Sea is a backarc marginal sea. The horizontal stress field is east-west compression at present. The 1994 event ruptured from the shallow end to the deep end of the seismogenic zone.