Table T3. Ages of diatom bioevents.

Zone
Reference
Top
(Ma)
Base
(Ma)
Definition of zone base
Thalassiosira lentiginosa c 1 0.00 0.18 H. karstenii LCO
Thalassiosira lentiginosa b 1 0.18 0.42 H. karstenii FCO
Thalassiosira lentiginosa a 1 0.42 0.65 A. ingens LO
Actinocyclus ingens c 1 0.65 1.07 T. elliptipora FCO
Actinocyclus ingens b 1 1.07 1.30 F. barronii LO
Actinocyclus ingens a 1 1.30 1.80 P. barboi LO
Proboscia barboi 1 1.77 2.00 T. kolbei LO, (F. matuyamae FO 2.1 Ma for northern sites)
Thalassiosira kolbei / Fragilariopsis matuyamae 1 2.00(2.10) 2.50 F. matuyamae FCO, T. vulnifica LO
Thalassiosira vulnifica 1 2.50 2.63 F. interfrigidaria LO, T. insigna LO
Thalassiosira insigna 2 2.63 3.26 T. vulnifica FO
Fragilariopsis interfrigidaria 2 3.26 3.80 F. interfrigidaria FO
Fragilariopsis barronii 2 3.80 4.44 F. barronii FO, T. complicata FO
Thalassiosira inura 2 4.44 4.92 T. inura FO
Thalassiosira oestrupii 2 4.92 5.56 T. oestrupii FO
Fragilariopsis reinholdii 2 5.56 8.10 F. reinholdii FO
Actinocyclus ingens var. ovalis 2 8.10 8.68 C. intersectus FO, A. ingens var. ovalis FO
Thalassiosira torokina 2 8.68 9.01 T. torokina FO
Asteromphalus kennettii 2 9.01 10.23 A. kennettii FO
Denticulopsis hustedtii 2 10.23 10.63 D. dimorpha LO
Denticulopsis dimorpha 2 10.63 11.67 N. denticuloides LO
Denticulopsis dimorpha / Nitzschia denticuloides 2 11.67 12.20 D. dimorpha FO
Denticulopsis praedimorpha 2 12.20 12.84 D. praedimorpha FO
Nitzschia denticuloides 2 12.84 13.51 N. grossepunctata LO, N. denticuloides FO
Denticulopsis hustedtii / Nitzschia grossepunctata 2 13.51 14.17 D. hustedtii FO
Actinocyclus ingens var. nodus 2 14.17 14.38 A. ingens var. nodus FO
Nitzschia grossepunctata 2 14.38 15.38 N. grossepunctata FO
Actinocyclus ingens / Denticulopsis maccollumii 2 15.38 16.20 A. ingens FO
Denticulopsis maccollumii 2 16.20 16.75 D. maccollumii FO
Crucidenticula kanayae 2 16.75 17.72 C. kanayae FO
Thalassiosira fraga 2 17.72 20.79 T. fraga FO
Thalassiosira spumellaroides 2 20.79 22.58 T. spumellaroides FO
Rocella gelida 2 22.58 26.50 R. gelida FO
Lisitzinia ornata 2 26.50 27.95 L. ornata FO
Azpeitia gombosi 2 27.95 28.35 A. gombosi FO
Rocella vigilans 2 28.35 30.24 R. vigilans (small) FO
Cavitatus jouseanus 2 30.24 30.62 C. jouseanus FO
Rhizosolenia gravida / oligocaenica 2 30.62 33.22 R. oligocaenica FO

Notes: 1 = Gersonde and Bárcena (1998), 2 = Shipboard Scientific Party (1999a). LCO = last consistent occurrence, FCO = first consistent occurrence, LO = last occurrence, FO = first occurrence.