Table T3. Ages of diatom bioevents.
Zone
|
Reference
|
Top
(Ma) |
Base
(Ma) |
Definition
of zone base
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Thalassiosira lentiginosa c | 1 | 0.00 | 0.18 | H. karstenii LCO |
Thalassiosira lentiginosa b | 1 | 0.18 | 0.42 | H. karstenii FCO |
Thalassiosira lentiginosa a | 1 | 0.42 | 0.65 | A. ingens LO |
Actinocyclus ingens c | 1 | 0.65 | 1.07 | T. elliptipora FCO |
Actinocyclus ingens b | 1 | 1.07 | 1.30 | F. barronii LO |
Actinocyclus ingens a | 1 | 1.30 | 1.80 | P. barboi LO |
Proboscia barboi | 1 | 1.77 | 2.00 | T. kolbei LO, (F. matuyamae FO 2.1 Ma for northern sites) |
Thalassiosira kolbei / Fragilariopsis matuyamae | 1 | 2.00(2.10) | 2.50 | F. matuyamae FCO, T. vulnifica LO |
Thalassiosira vulnifica | 1 | 2.50 | 2.63 | F. interfrigidaria LO, T. insigna LO |
Thalassiosira insigna | 2 | 2.63 | 3.26 | T. vulnifica FO |
Fragilariopsis interfrigidaria | 2 | 3.26 | 3.80 | F. interfrigidaria FO |
Fragilariopsis barronii | 2 | 3.80 | 4.44 | F. barronii FO, T. complicata FO |
Thalassiosira inura | 2 | 4.44 | 4.92 | T. inura FO |
Thalassiosira oestrupii | 2 | 4.92 | 5.56 | T. oestrupii FO |
Fragilariopsis reinholdii | 2 | 5.56 | 8.10 | F. reinholdii FO |
Actinocyclus ingens var. ovalis | 2 | 8.10 | 8.68 | C. intersectus FO, A. ingens var. ovalis FO |
Thalassiosira torokina | 2 | 8.68 | 9.01 | T. torokina FO |
Asteromphalus kennettii | 2 | 9.01 | 10.23 | A. kennettii FO |
Denticulopsis hustedtii | 2 | 10.23 | 10.63 | D. dimorpha LO |
Denticulopsis dimorpha | 2 | 10.63 | 11.67 | N. denticuloides LO |
Denticulopsis dimorpha / Nitzschia denticuloides | 2 | 11.67 | 12.20 | D. dimorpha FO |
Denticulopsis praedimorpha | 2 | 12.20 | 12.84 | D. praedimorpha FO |
Nitzschia denticuloides | 2 | 12.84 | 13.51 | N. grossepunctata LO, N. denticuloides FO |
Denticulopsis hustedtii / Nitzschia grossepunctata | 2 | 13.51 | 14.17 | D. hustedtii FO |
Actinocyclus ingens var. nodus | 2 | 14.17 | 14.38 | A. ingens var. nodus FO |
Nitzschia grossepunctata | 2 | 14.38 | 15.38 | N. grossepunctata FO |
Actinocyclus ingens / Denticulopsis maccollumii | 2 | 15.38 | 16.20 | A. ingens FO |
Denticulopsis maccollumii | 2 | 16.20 | 16.75 | D. maccollumii FO |
Crucidenticula kanayae | 2 | 16.75 | 17.72 | C. kanayae FO |
Thalassiosira fraga | 2 | 17.72 | 20.79 | T. fraga FO |
Thalassiosira spumellaroides | 2 | 20.79 | 22.58 | T. spumellaroides FO |
Rocella gelida | 2 | 22.58 | 26.50 | R. gelida FO |
Lisitzinia ornata | 2 | 26.50 | 27.95 | L. ornata FO |
Azpeitia gombosi | 2 | 27.95 | 28.35 | A. gombosi FO |
Rocella vigilans | 2 | 28.35 | 30.24 | R. vigilans (small) FO |
Cavitatus jouseanus | 2 | 30.24 | 30.62 | C. jouseanus FO |
Rhizosolenia gravida / oligocaenica | 2 | 30.62 | 33.22 | R. oligocaenica FO |
Notes: 1 = Gersonde and Bárcena (1998), 2 = Shipboard Scientific Party (1999a). LCO = last consistent occurrence, FCO = first consistent occurrence, LO = last occurrence, FO = first occurrence.