Table T5. Summary of biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental interpretations, Site 1196.

Core, section,
interval (cm) 		Depth
(mbsf) 		Age
(Ma) 		Foraminferal
assemblages 		Comments
Depositional
setting 		Lithologic
unit
RLBF MLBF Sm
mil
Paleowater depth (m)
<10
<30
<60
<100
194-











1196A-1R-1, 1-4 0.01 3.2-0 A
C PF date of top; robust Amphistegina/Operculina X


Shallow platform IA
1196A-1R-1, 112-114 1.12
A

Rhodoliths/coral in Amphistegina, red algal and bryozoan fragments
X

Open platform
1196A-2R-1, 78-80 10.38
A

Rhodoliths/coral in Amphistegina and red algal fragments
X

Open platform
1196A-3R-1, 34-36 19.24
A

Rhodoliths/coral in Amphistegina and red algal fragments
X

Open platform
1196A-4R-1, 102-105 29.52
A

Rhodoliths/coral in Amphistegina and red algal fragments
X

Open platform
1196A-5R-2, 84-89 40.54
A R
Rhodoliths/coral in Amphistegina and red algal fragments
X

Open platform
1196A-6R-1, 140-142 48.90
A

Rhodoliths/coral in Amphistegina and red algal fragments
X

Open platform
1196A-7R-2, 105-108 59.36
A

Rhodoliths/coral in Amphistegina and red algal fragments
X

Open platform
1196A-8R-1, 24-27 66.74
A

Rhodoliths/coral in Amphistegina and red algal fragments
X

Open platform
1196A-9R-2, 73-75 78.25
A

Rhodoliths/coral in Amphistegina and red algal fragments, LBF molds
X

Open platform
1196A-10R-1, 132-134 87.12
c

Rhodoliths/coral in Amphistegina and red algal fragments, LBF molds
?

Open platform
1196A-11R-1, 88-90 96.28
c

Rhodoliths with abundant red algal fragments



Open platform
1196A-12R-1, 130-132 106.30
c

Rhodoliths with abundant red algal fragments, flat LBF molds


? Open platform
1196A-13R-2, 148-150 117.68
c

Abundant red algal fragments, flat LBF molds


? Uncertain IB
1196A-14R-2, 25-27 125.95
c

Abundant red algal fragments, mixed LBF molds
? ?
Uncertain
1196A-15R-1, 36-38 134.26
a

Coral skeletal boundstone with flat LBF molds
X

Reef? IC
1196A-16R-1, 74-76 144.24
a

Abundant red algal fragments, flat LBF molds
X

Reef?
1196A-17R-1, 26-28 153.36
A

Enigmatic fossils, possibly large Miogypsina; common Lepidocyclina
X

Reef?
1196A-18R-3, 119-121 166.85
a

Rhodoliths with abundant red algal fragments, intermediate LBF molds
? ?
Uncertain ID
1196A-19R-3, 60-62 175.80
a

Abundant red algal fragments, exposure surfaces
? ?
Uncertain
1196A-20R-1, 111-113 183.01 15.2-13.3
A A Fine grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and organic common X


Shallow platform IIA
1196A-21R-1, 104-107 192.54 15.2-13.3
A A Fine grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and organic common X


Shallow platform
1196A-22R-1, 44-46 201.54 15.2-13.3


Fine grainstone, difficult to tell fine components; coral, bivalves present



Shallow platform
1196A-23R-1, 0-5 210.70 15.2-13.3 C A A Fine grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and organic common X


Shallow platform
1196A-24R-1, 25-28 220.55 15.2-13.3
A A Fine grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and organic common X


Shallow platform
1196A-25R-1, 78-80 230.68 15.2-13.3
C A Fine grainstone, miliolid, soritid, gastropod and bivalve X


Shallow platform
1196A-26R-1, 24-26 239.84 15.2-13.3
A A Fine grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and organic common X


Shallow platform
1196A-27R-1, 23-25 249.43 15.2-13.3
A A Fine grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and organic common X


Shallow platform
1196A-28R-1, 11-13 258.91 15.2-13.3
A A Fine grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and organic common X


Shallow platform
1196A-30R-1, 0-3 278.00 15.2-13.3
A A Fine grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and organic common X


Shallow platform
1196A-31R-1, 20-22 287.80 15.2-13.3
A A Fine grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and organic common X


Shallow platform
1196A-32R-1, 18-20 297.48 15.2-13.3
A A Fine grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and organic common X


Shallow platform
1196A-33R-2, 72-74 309.08 15.2-13.3
A A Medium grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and organic common X


Shallow platform
1196A-34R-1, 40-44 317.00 18.2-13.6


Nannofossil sample and date





1196A-34R-1, 115-117 317.75 15.2-13.3
A A Medium grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and organic common X


Shallow platform
1196A-35R-1, 38-40 326.68 15.2-13.3
A A Medium grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and organic common X


Shallow platform
1196A-36R-1, 41-43 336.31


A Strange diagenesis; rhodolith, coral, bryozoan, miliolids
X

Uncertain IIB
1196A-37R-1, 70-72 346.20



Very sucrosic dolomite, little to be seen in hand specimen



Uncertain
1196A-38R-1, 22-24 355.32



Dolomitized: red algae and bryozoans recognizable



Open platform
1196A-39R-1, 0-2 364.70
A

Small rhodoliths in a robust Lepidocyclina grainstone
X

Open platform
1196A-41R-1, 0-3 383.90
A

Small rhodoliths in a robust Lepidocyclina grainstone
X

Open platform
1196A-42R-1, 14-16 393.64
A

Rhodolith/red algal with mixed LBF

X
Open platform
1196A-43R-1, 0-5 403.10



Sucrosic; only red algal fabric still evident



Open platform
1196A-44R-1, 107-109 413.75
a

Sucrosic; flat Lepidocyclina/Operculina-type molds

?
Open platform IIIA
1196A-48R-1, 147-150 452.57
a

Sucrosic; very large, very flat Lepidocyclina/Operculina-type molds


? Open platform
1196A-50R-1, 64-66 471.04
a

Sucrosic; very large, very flat Lepidocyclina/Operculina-type molds


? Open platform IIIB
1196A-51R-4, 56-58 484.93
a

Sucrosic; flat Lepidocyclina/Operculina-type molds

?
Open platform
1196A-52R-6, 46-48 497.60

c c Sucrosic with fine grainstone fabric; red algal and alveolinid debris ?


Shallow platform
1196A-53R-4, 122-124 504.92
a

Sucrosic with fine grainstone fabric; red algal and alveolinid debris ?


Shallow platform
1196A-54R-1, 127-129 510.17

c c Sucrosic with fine grainstone fabric; red algal and soritid debris; few molds ?


Shallow platform
1196A-55R-1, 141-143 519.91

c c Sucrosic with fine grainstone fabric; red algal and soritid debris; few molds ?


Shallow platform
1196A-56R-2, 47-49 529.75



Sucrosic with fine grainstone fabric; red algal and soritid debris; few molds ?


Shallow platform
1196A-57R-3, 30-32 540.93
a

Red algal crusts/fragments; coral and robust LBF molds
?

Open platform IIIC
1196A-58R-1, 127-132 548.57
a

Red algal crusts/fragments; coral and robust LBF molds
?

Open platform
1196A-59R-1, 112-115 558.02
a

Red algal crusts/fragments; coral and robust LBF molds
?

Open platform
1196A-60R-1, 78-80 567.38
a

Red algal crusts/fragments; coral and robust LBF molds
?

Open platform
1196A-61R-2, 46-48 578.13
a

Red algal crusts/fragments; coral and robust LBF molds
?

Open platform
1196A-62R-1, 42-47 586.22
a

Red algal crusts/fragments; flat Lepidocyclina/Operculina-type molds

?
Open platform
1196A-63R-2, 132-134 598.31
a

Red algal crusts/fragments; coral and flat Lepidocyclina-type molds

?
Open platform
1196A-64R-3, 145-150 609.50
a

Red algal crusts/fragments; Amphistegina-type molds
?

Open platform
1196A-65R-5, 30-33 620.95
a

Red algal crusts/fragments; Amphistegina-type molds
?

Open platform
1196A-66R-4, 106-108 629.78
A

Bryozoan, red algae, Operculina grainstone, dispersed pyrite grains
?

Open platform IV
1196A-67R-2, 90-93 635.98
A

Bryozoan, red algae, Operculina grainstone, dispersed pyrite grains
?

Open platform
1196A-68R-1, 4-5 643.44



Dark sandstone



Deltaic? V
1196A-70R-1 663.93 24.6-24.2


Muddy interval; nannofossils sample and date



Deltaic?
1196A-70R-CC, 14-16 667.20



Dark sandstone



Deltaic?
1196B-1R-3, 37-40 3.29
A

Rhodoliths/coral in red algal/Amphistegina grainstone X


Shallow platform
1196B-2R-1, 37-39 10.07
C

Rhodoliths in red algal/Amphistegina grainstone
X

Shallow platform
1196B-3R-1, 0-3 19.40



Rhodolith/red algae, highly recrystallized



Shallow platform
1196B-4R-1, 120-122 30.00
A

Rhodoliths/coral in a red algal/LBF grainstone
X

Shallow platform
1196B-5R-1, 100-102 39.20
A C
Rhodoliths/coral in a red algal/LBF grainstone
X

Shallow platform
1196B-6R-1, 107-110 48.27
A

Rhodoliths/coral in Amphistegina and red algal fragments
X

Shallow platform
1196B-7R-2, 110-112 59.40
C

Rhodolith/red algal, highly recrystallized; Amphistegina
X

Shallow platform
1196B-8R-1, 25-27 66.45



Rhodolith/red algae/coral, highly recrystallized



Open platform?
1196B-9R-2, 77-80 78.07



Rhodolith/red algae/coral, highly recrystallized



Open platform?
1196B-10R-1, 110-113 85.90
c

Rhodolith/red algal highly recrystallized; intermediate LBF molds
X

Shallow platform
1196B-11R-1, 16-19 94.66
a

Rhodoliths in a red algal matrix, intermediate LBF molds
X

Open platform?
1196B-12R-1, 24-27 104.34
c

Rhodoliths/coral in a red algae, flat LBF molds

X
Open platform?
1196B-13Z-2, 40-43 111.79
C

Large rhodoliths, branching reds, red algal grainstone, intermediate LBF
X

Open platform?
1196B-14Z-2, 51-54 116.66
C

Rhodoliths in red algal grainstone; borings, intermediate LBF
X

Open platform?
1196B-15Z-1, 120-123 118.10
C

Rhodoliths in red algal grainstone; borings, intermediate LBF
X

Open platform?
1196B-16Z-1, 135-138 119.55
r

Branching red algae in red algal grainstone, small/intermediate LBF molds ? X

Uncertain













1196B-17Z-1, 54-60 123.44
r

Branching red algae in red algal grainstone, few LBF molds ? X

Uncertain IB
1196B-18Z-2, 48-51 125.34
c

Branching red algae in red algal grainstone, intermediate LBF molds ? X

Uncertain













1196B-20Z-1, 61-64 130.91
C

Very few identifiable fragments, a few LBF and echinoid fragments



Reef? IC
1196B-22Z-1, 54-57 140.24
A

Coral and intermediate rhodoliths in red algal/Amphistegina grainstone
X

Reef?
1196B-24Z-1, 7-10 145.07
a

Very vuggy, very abundant foraminifer molds, intermediate
X

Reef?













1196B-25Z-1, 52-54 150.22
A R
Coral, large rhodoliths in robust LBF/red algal grainstone X


Uncertain ID
1196B-27Z-1, 46-49 159.56
a

Highly recrystallized, abundant flat LBF molds

X
Uncertain
1196B-28Z-1, 39-41 164.19
a

Branching red algae, flat/intermediate LBF molds

X
Uncertain
1196B-29Z-2, 88-93 170.81
a

Highly recrystallized, abundant flat LBF molds

X
Uncertain
1196B-30Z-2, 52-55 174.46
a

Highly recrystallized, abundant mixed LBF molds
X

Uncertain
1196B-31Z-1, 120-123 178.40
c

Branching red algae, flat/intermediate LBF molds
X

Uncertain
1196B-32Z-1, 27-29 180.47
c

Branching red algae, flat/intermediate LBF molds
X

Uncertain
1196B-33Z-1, 79-81 185.69 15.2-13.3
A A Fine grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and organic common X


Shallow platform IIA
1196B-35Z-1, 3-6 194.33 15.2-13.3 R A A No obvious organics; Marginopora, Cyclorbiculina, Miogypsina, bivalve molds X


Shallow platform
1196B-36Z-1, 9-11 199.09 15.2-13.3


Gastropods, miliolids, soritids, organic abundant X


Shallow platform
1196B-39Z-1, 50-53 213.60 15.2-13.3
A A Coral with miliolid/red algal grainstone infill X


Shallow platform
1196B-40Z-1, 2-3 217.80 18.2-13.6


Nannofossil sample X


Shallow platform
1196B-40Z-1, 22-24 218.02 15.2-13.3 A A A Coral in miliolid/red algal grainstone; also Amphistegina hauerina X


Shallow platform
1196B-41Z-1, 19-21 218.99 15.2-13.3

A Coral, Cyclorbiculina and bivalves in fine matrix X


Shallow platform
1196B-42Z-1, 11-13 223.61 15.2-13.3
A A Bivalve-rich in fine algal/miliolid grainstone X


Shallow platform
1196B-44Z-1, 10-12 233.00 15.2-13.3
A A Fine grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and bivalves common X


Shallow platform
1196B-45Z-1, 35-38 234.65 15.2-13.3
A A Poorly lithified foraminifers and algal grainstone X


Shallow platform
1196B-46Z-1, 21-24 238.01 15.2-13.3
A A Fine grainstone, miliolid, very large Marginopora and bivalves X


Shallow platform
1196B-47Z-1, 29-32 242.79 15.2-13.3 A A A Fine grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and bivalves X


Shallow platform
1196B-48Z-1, 27-30 247.47 15.2-13.3
A A Fine grainstone, miliolid, Flosculinella abundant, soritids and bivalves X


Shallow platform
1196B-49Z-1, 30-37 251.50 15.2-13.3
A A Bivalves, red algae in fine foraminifer grainstone; Austrotillina and Miogypsina X


Shallow platform
1196B-50Z-1, 23-25 256.13 15.2-13.3
A A Fine red algal/miliolid matrix, molluscan molds and soritids X


Shallow platform
1196B-51Z-1, 0-5 260.60 15.2-13.3
A A Fine red algal/miliolid matrix, molluscan molds and soritids X


Shallow platform

Notes: Based primarily on analysis of larger benthic foraminifers from core catcher samples. Foraminifer assemblages: RLBF = rotalline larger benthic foraminifers, MLBF = milioline larger benthic foraminifers, Sm mil = smaller miliolids; A = abundant, C = common, R = rare; lower case symbols = abundance of molds of larger foraminiferal shells. Comments: PF = planktonic foraminifers. Paleowater depth: shaded zone = the lower limit of precision for the paleowater depth estimate, ? = uncertain. Age range based on planktonic foraminifers for part of Sample 1196-1R-1, 1-4 cm ; ages based on nannofossils for Samples 194-1196A-34R-1, 40-44 cm, and 70R-1, 133 cm, and 194-1196B-40Z-1, 2 cm.