Table T5. Summary of biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental interpretations, Site 1198. (See table notes. Continued on next page.)

Table T5. Summary of biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental interpretations, Site 1198.

Hole, core,
section (cm) Depth
(mbsf) Zone Age
(Ma) Foraminiferal assemblages Comments on core catcher samples,
>63 µm-fraction Paleowater
depth
(m) Depositional
setting Lithologic
unit

PF

ONBF

LBF

Pres

194-

1198A-1H-CC, 8-13 4.95 N23 0.08-0.26 A A, Div T G Coarse: DHM and pteropods; fines mostly debris >200 Hemipelagic IA

1198A-2H-CC, 13-18 14.52 N23 0.26-0.45 Dom C, Div
G Coarse: DPM and pteropods; fines mostly PF >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-3H-CC, 11-16 23.78 N22? 0.46-1.7 A A, Div T G Fines dominate; PF, pteropods, DHM, reworked fragments common >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-4H-CC, 16-21 33.87 N22 0.46-1.7 Dom C, Div
G Fines dominate; PF, pteropods, DHM, reworked fragments common >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-5H-CC, 21-26 43.38 N22 0.46-1.7 A A, Div
G Fines dominate; PF, pteropods, DHM, reworked fragments common >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-6H-CC, 15-20 52.24 N22 0.46-1.7 Dom C, Div
G Fines dominate; PF, pteropods, DHM, reworked fragments common >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-7H-CC, 12-17 62.37 N22 0.46-1.7 Dom C, Div
M PF dominate; minor neritics in fines >200 Hemipelagic IB

1198A-8H-CC, 23-28 71.34 N22 0.46-1.7 Dom C
G PF dominate; minor neritics in fines >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-9H-CC, 23-28 81.49 N22 0.46-1.7 Dom C, Div
G PF dominate; minor neritics in fines >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-10H-CC, 17-22 89.86 N22 0.46-1.7 Dom C, Div
G PF dominate; minor neritics in fines; minor reworked glauconite/pyrite >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-11H-CC, 5-10 100.26 N21-N22 1.7-2 Dom R
G Very small PF dominate; echinoid material common >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-12H-CC, 21-26 109.77 N21-N22 1.7-2 Dom C, Div
G Very small PF dominate medium and fine fractions; minor reworked PF and ONBF >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-13H-CC, 18-23 119.32 N21-N22 1.7-2 Dom C, Div
M Very small PF dominate; minor reworked PF and ONBF >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-14H-CC, 11-16 128.78 N21-N22 2-2.5 Dom C, Div

Very small PF dominate; minor reworked PF and ONBF >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-15H-CC, 36-41 137.98 N21 2-2.5 Dom R
G Very small PF dominate; abundant infilled grains >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-16H-CC, 33-38 148.02 N21 2-2.5 Dom R
G Very small PF dominate; some infilled grains and pieces of pyrite >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-17H-CC, 21-24 157.24 N21 2-2.5 Dom R
G Very small PF dominate; some infilled grains and pieces of pyrite >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-18H-CC, 14-19 166.89 N21 2.6-3.7 Dom R
G Very small PF dominate; some infilled grains and pieces of pyrite >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-19H-CC, 19-21 176.38 N21 2.8-3.7 Dom A
G PF overwhelmingly dominate, minor other debris >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-20H-CC, 18-23 185.96 N20-N21 2.8-3.7 Dom A
G PF overwhelmingly dominate, minor other debris >200 Hemipelagic

1198A-21H-CC, 31-34 195.02 N20 2.8-3.7 Dom R
G PF overwhelmingly dominate, commonly pyrite or phosphate filled >200 Hemipelagic

1198B-1R-CC, 13-15 199.43 N18-N19 3.8-5.6 A C A G PF dominate, neritic material common, abundant LBF >200 Proximal periplatform IIA

1198A-22H-CC, 15-20 202.96 N19? 5.6-7.5 Dom R A G PF dominate, neritic material common, abundant LBF >200 Proximal periplatform

1198B-2R-1, 40-42 205.60 N18-N19
A R C G PF about equal to neritic debris >200 Proximal periplatform

1198A-23X-CC, 5-10 205.79 N19?
Dom R A G PF dominate, neritic material common, abundant LBF >200 Proximal periplatform

1198B-3R-1, 0-5 214.80 N17-N20
A
A P-M Bimodal: diverse LBF in neritic silt/fine sand >200 Proximal periplatform

1198B-4R-1, 53-55 224.93

A P Lithified: LBF in neritic silt/fine sand >200 Proximal periplatform

1198B-5R-1, 27-32 234.27

A P Lepidocyclina grainstone/packstone >200 Proximal periplatform IIB

1198B-6R-1, 10-12 243.70 N17? 5.6-11.9 A R A P-M Lepidocyclina/PF grainstone/packstone >200 Proximal periplatform

1198B-7R-1, 69-71 253.99

A P Lithified: Lepidocyclina rudstone/grainstone >200 Proximal periplatform

1198B-8R-1, 19-21 263.09

A P Lithified: rhodoliths, RA fragments, coral, and robust LBF >200 Proximal periplatform

1198B-10R-1, 98-100 283.18 N16-N17? 9-11.9 A R A P-M Lithified: Lepidocyclina rudstone/grainstone >200 Proximal periplatform

1198B-11R-1, 93-95 292.73 N16? 9-11.9 A
A P Lithified: Lepidocyclina rudstone/grainstone >200 Proximal periplatform

1198B-12R-1, 96-98 302.36

A P Lithified: rhodoliths, RA fragments, coral, robust LBF, some black/green clasts >200 Proximal periplatform

1198B-13R-1, 0-2 311.00 N16 9-11.9 A R A P-M Medium sands, include PF, diverse LBF, and bryozoan debris >200 Proximal periplatform

1198B-14R-1, 0-5 320.60

A P-M Lithified: rhodoliths, RA fragments, coral, robust LBF, some black/green clasts >200 Proximal periplatform

1198B-15R-1, 24-26 330.54

A P-M Lithified medium grainstone, includes PF, diverse LBF and bryozoan debris >200 Proximal periplatform

1198B-16R-1, 41-46 340.31 N12-N15 11.9-13.6

A P-M Partly lithified, PF and neritic debris (bryozoans and LBF) >200 Proximal periplatform IIC

1198B-17R-2, 95-97 351.19
11.9-13.6 A C
VP Partly lithified, PF and neritic debris >200 Distal periplatform

1198B-18R-CC, 15-17 363.57 N13 11.9-13.6 A A A VP Glauconitized neritic debris with common planktonics and ONBF >200 Distal periplatform

1198B-19R-2, 61-63 370.24 N10-N12 13.6-18.2 A C A VP PF and neritic debris, poorly preserved, also partly lithified into larger clasts >200 Distal periplatform

1198B-20R-CC, 19-23 381.88 N10-N12? 13.6-18.2 A

VP Partly lithified PF and neritic debris >200 Distal periplatform

1198B-21R-3, 86-88 391.44 N9? 13.6-18.2 Dom R R VP PF dominate, neritic debris secondary; mostly medium sands >200 Distal periplatform

1198B-22R-CC, 17-19 407.48
13.6-18.2 C

P Very fine neritic debris, minor identifiable components include PF >200 Distal periplatform IIIA

1198B-23R-CC, 16-18 415.84 N8-N9 13.6-18.2 A C
P PF, ONBF, sponge spicules, and very fine neritic debris >200 Distal periplatform

1198B-24R-7, 64-66 425.89 N8-N9 13.6-18.2 A
R P PF dominate; abundant reworked clasts, LBF, PF, ONBF, pyrite >200 Distal periplatform

1198B-25R-CC, 20-22 436.28
13.6-18.2 C
R P Fine debris: planktonic, neritic, glauconite >200 distal periplatform

1198B-26R-5, 70--71 442.70
13.6-18.2 C R R P Fine debris: planktonic, neritic, sponge spicules common >200 Distal periplatform

1198B-27R-7, 142-144 455.18
13.6-18.2 R R Rjuv P Fine debris: planktonic and neritic, minor coarser component, dispersed fine pyrite >200 Distal periplatform

1198B-28R-CC, 21-23 463.77
13.6-18.2

Fine debris: nothing recognizable >200 Distal periplatform IIIB

1198B-29R-1, 117-119 466.07
13.6-18.2 R

Fine debris: planktonic and neritic, minor coarser component, dispersed fine pyrite >200 Distal periplatform

1198B-30R-CC, 18-20 484.48
13.6-18.2 R R R P Fine debris: planktonic and neritic, minor coarser component >200 Distal periplatform

1198B-31R-5, 27-29 489.89
18.2-18.5 R

Fine debris: planktonic and neritic, minor coarser component, abundant black grains >200 Distal periplatform

1198B-32R-CC, 24-29 501.23

R

Fine debris: planktonic and neritic, minor coarser component >200 Distal periplatform

1198B-33R-2, 114-116 505.97

A
Red algal crusts and large, very flat Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) sp. <150 Deep shelf IV

1198B-34R-4, 78-80 518.00

Volcanic basement ?
V

Hole, core, section (cm)	Depth (mbsf)	Zone	Age (Ma)	Foraminiferal assemblages	Comments on core catcher samples, >63 µm-fraction	Paleowater depth (m)	Depositional setting	Lithologic unit
PF	ONBF	LBF	Pres
194-
1198A-1H-CC, 8-13	4.95	N23	0.08-0.26	A	A, Div	T	G	Coarse: DHM and pteropods; fines mostly debris	>200	Hemipelagic	IA
1198A-2H-CC, 13-18	14.52	N23	0.26-0.45	Dom	C, Div		G	Coarse: DPM and pteropods; fines mostly PF	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-3H-CC, 11-16	23.78	N22?	0.46-1.7	A	A, Div	T	G	Fines dominate; PF, pteropods, DHM, reworked fragments common	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-4H-CC, 16-21	33.87	N22	0.46-1.7	Dom	C, Div		G	Fines dominate; PF, pteropods, DHM, reworked fragments common	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-5H-CC, 21-26	43.38	N22	0.46-1.7	A	A, Div		G	Fines dominate; PF, pteropods, DHM, reworked fragments common	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-6H-CC, 15-20	52.24	N22	0.46-1.7	Dom	C, Div		G	Fines dominate; PF, pteropods, DHM, reworked fragments common	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-7H-CC, 12-17	62.37	N22	0.46-1.7	Dom	C, Div		M	PF dominate; minor neritics in fines	>200	Hemipelagic	IB
1198A-8H-CC, 23-28	71.34	N22	0.46-1.7	Dom	C		G	PF dominate; minor neritics in fines	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-9H-CC, 23-28	81.49	N22	0.46-1.7	Dom	C, Div		G	PF dominate; minor neritics in fines	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-10H-CC, 17-22	89.86	N22	0.46-1.7	Dom	C, Div		G	PF dominate; minor neritics in fines; minor reworked glauconite/pyrite	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-11H-CC, 5-10	100.26	N21-N22	1.7-2	Dom	R		G	Very small PF dominate; echinoid material common	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-12H-CC, 21-26	109.77	N21-N22	1.7-2	Dom	C, Div		G	Very small PF dominate medium and fine fractions; minor reworked PF and ONBF	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-13H-CC, 18-23	119.32	N21-N22	1.7-2	Dom	C, Div		M	Very small PF dominate; minor reworked PF and ONBF	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-14H-CC, 11-16	128.78	N21-N22	2-2.5	Dom	C, Div			Very small PF dominate; minor reworked PF and ONBF	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-15H-CC, 36-41	137.98	N21	2-2.5	Dom	R		G	Very small PF dominate; abundant infilled grains	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-16H-CC, 33-38	148.02	N21	2-2.5	Dom	R		G	Very small PF dominate; some infilled grains and pieces of pyrite	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-17H-CC, 21-24	157.24	N21	2-2.5	Dom	R		G	Very small PF dominate; some infilled grains and pieces of pyrite	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-18H-CC, 14-19	166.89	N21	2.6-3.7	Dom	R		G	Very small PF dominate; some infilled grains and pieces of pyrite	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-19H-CC, 19-21	176.38	N21	2.8-3.7	Dom	A		G	PF overwhelmingly dominate, minor other debris	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-20H-CC, 18-23	185.96	N20-N21	2.8-3.7	Dom	A		G	PF overwhelmingly dominate, minor other debris	>200	Hemipelagic
1198A-21H-CC, 31-34	195.02	N20	2.8-3.7	Dom	R		G	PF overwhelmingly dominate, commonly pyrite or phosphate filled	>200	Hemipelagic
1198B-1R-CC, 13-15	199.43	N18-N19	3.8-5.6	A	C	A	G	PF dominate, neritic material common, abundant LBF	>200	Proximal periplatform	IIA
1198A-22H-CC, 15-20	202.96	N19?	5.6-7.5	Dom	R	A	G	PF dominate, neritic material common, abundant LBF	>200	Proximal periplatform
1198B-2R-1, 40-42	205.60	N18-N19		A	R	C	G	PF about equal to neritic debris	>200	Proximal periplatform
1198A-23X-CC, 5-10	205.79	N19?		Dom	R	A	G	PF dominate, neritic material common, abundant LBF	>200	Proximal periplatform
1198B-3R-1, 0-5	214.80	N17-N20		A		A	P-M	Bimodal: diverse LBF in neritic silt/fine sand	>200	Proximal periplatform
1198B-4R-1, 53-55	224.93					A	P	Lithified: LBF in neritic silt/fine sand	>200	Proximal periplatform
1198B-5R-1, 27-32	234.27					A	P	Lepidocyclina grainstone/packstone	>200	Proximal periplatform	IIB
1198B-6R-1, 10-12	243.70	N17?	5.6-11.9	A	R	A	P-M	Lepidocyclina/PF grainstone/packstone	>200	Proximal periplatform
1198B-7R-1, 69-71	253.99					A	P	Lithified: Lepidocyclina rudstone/grainstone	>200	Proximal periplatform
1198B-8R-1, 19-21	263.09					A	P	Lithified: rhodoliths, RA fragments, coral, and robust LBF	>200	Proximal periplatform
1198B-10R-1, 98-100	283.18	N16-N17?	9-11.9	A	R	A	P-M	Lithified: Lepidocyclina rudstone/grainstone	>200	Proximal periplatform
1198B-11R-1, 93-95	292.73	N16?	9-11.9	A		A	P	Lithified: Lepidocyclina rudstone/grainstone	>200	Proximal periplatform
1198B-12R-1, 96-98	302.36					A	P	Lithified: rhodoliths, RA fragments, coral, robust LBF, some black/green clasts	>200	Proximal periplatform
1198B-13R-1, 0-2	311.00	N16	9-11.9	A	R	A	P-M	Medium sands, include PF, diverse LBF, and bryozoan debris	>200	Proximal periplatform
1198B-14R-1, 0-5	320.60					A	P-M	Lithified: rhodoliths, RA fragments, coral, robust LBF, some black/green clasts	>200	Proximal periplatform
1198B-15R-1, 24-26	330.54					A	P-M	Lithified medium grainstone, includes PF, diverse LBF and bryozoan debris	>200	Proximal periplatform
1198B-16R-1, 41-46	340.31	N12-N15	11.9-13.6			A	P-M	Partly lithified, PF and neritic debris (bryozoans and LBF)	>200	Proximal periplatform	IIC
1198B-17R-2, 95-97	351.19		11.9-13.6	A	C		VP	Partly lithified, PF and neritic debris	>200	Distal periplatform
1198B-18R-CC, 15-17	363.57	N13	11.9-13.6	A	A	A	VP	Glauconitized neritic debris with common planktonics and ONBF	>200	Distal periplatform
1198B-19R-2, 61-63	370.24	N10-N12	13.6-18.2	A	C	A	VP	PF and neritic debris, poorly preserved, also partly lithified into larger clasts	>200	Distal periplatform
1198B-20R-CC, 19-23	381.88	N10-N12?	13.6-18.2	A			VP	Partly lithified PF and neritic debris	>200	Distal periplatform
1198B-21R-3, 86-88	391.44	N9?	13.6-18.2	Dom	R	R	VP	PF dominate, neritic debris secondary; mostly medium sands	>200	Distal periplatform
1198B-22R-CC, 17-19	407.48		13.6-18.2	C			P	Very fine neritic debris, minor identifiable components include PF	>200	Distal periplatform	IIIA
1198B-23R-CC, 16-18	415.84	N8-N9	13.6-18.2	A	C		P	PF, ONBF, sponge spicules, and very fine neritic debris	>200	Distal periplatform
1198B-24R-7, 64-66	425.89	N8-N9	13.6-18.2	A		R	P	PF dominate; abundant reworked clasts, LBF, PF, ONBF, pyrite	>200	Distal periplatform
1198B-25R-CC, 20-22	436.28		13.6-18.2	C		R	P	Fine debris: planktonic, neritic, glauconite	>200	distal periplatform
1198B-26R-5, 70--71	442.70		13.6-18.2	C	R	R	P	Fine debris: planktonic, neritic, sponge spicules common	>200	Distal periplatform
1198B-27R-7, 142-144	455.18		13.6-18.2	R	R	Rjuv	P	Fine debris: planktonic and neritic, minor coarser component, dispersed fine pyrite	>200	Distal periplatform
1198B-28R-CC, 21-23	463.77		13.6-18.2					Fine debris: nothing recognizable	>200	Distal periplatform	IIIB
1198B-29R-1, 117-119	466.07		13.6-18.2	R				Fine debris: planktonic and neritic, minor coarser component, dispersed fine pyrite	>200	Distal periplatform
1198B-30R-CC, 18-20	484.48		13.6-18.2	R	R	R	P	Fine debris: planktonic and neritic, minor coarser component	>200	Distal periplatform
1198B-31R-5, 27-29	489.89		18.2-18.5	R				Fine debris: planktonic and neritic, minor coarser component, abundant black grains	>200	Distal periplatform
1198B-32R-CC, 24-29	501.23			R				Fine debris: planktonic and neritic, minor coarser component	>200	Distal periplatform
1198B-33R-2, 114-116	505.97					A		Red algal crusts and large, very flat Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) sp.	<150	Deep shelf	IV
1198B-34R-4, 78-80	518.00							Volcanic basement	?		V

Notes: Based on microscopic analysis of biogenic sediment constituents >63 µm, particularly benthic foraminifers, from core catcher samples. Foraminiferal assemblages: PF = planktonic foraminifers, ONBF = outer neritic to upper bathyal benthic foraminifers, LBF = larger benthic foraminifers, Pres = preservation; A = abundant, Div = diverse, T = trace, G = good, Dom = dominant, C = common, M = moderate, R = rare, P = poor, juv = juvenile. Comments: DHM = deep hardbottom macrofauna, RA = red alga, fines = silt to fine sand. Paleowater depth: ? = uncertain.