Table T14. Biomarker carbon number ranges and relative abundances in samples from Hole 1213B and their putative biological source(s) and process of formation with references.

Biomarker class components (code)	Range	Relative abundance					Putative biological source(s)/process of formation	References
		8R-1, 47 cm	8R-1, 63 cm	8R-1, 96 cm	15R-1, 9 cm	19R-1, 112 cm
n-Alkyl compounds:
Lower alkanes with OEP	C13-C19	+++	+++	++	++	+++	Algae, bacteria, cyanobacteria	Han et al., 1968; Gelpi et al., 1970; Brassell et al., 1978
Higher alkanes with OEP	C23-C33	++	++	+	+	ND	Vascular plants	Eglinton and Hamilton, 1963; Simoneit, 1978
Branched compounds:
Monomethylalkanes (MA)	C14-C17	+	+	++	+	++	Bacteria, cyanobacteria	Shiea et al., 1990; Dachs et al., 1998; Köster et al., 1999
Acyclic isoprenoids:
TMTD, TMPD	C16, C18	+++	+++	++	++	++	Photoautotrophs	Didyk et al., 1978; Volkman and Maxwell, 1986
Pristane (PR)	C19	++	+	+	+	++	Photoautotrophs	Didyk et al., 1978; Goossens et al., 1984
Phytane (PH)	C20	+++	++	++	+	+	Photoautotrophs, methanogens	Didyk et al., 1978; Brassell et al., 1981
Hexamethyltetracosane (HMTC)	C20	++	ND	++	ND	ND	Methanogenic bacteria
Steroids:
4- and 5-sterenes	C27-C29	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	Eukaryotes/sterol dehydration	Mackenzie et al., 1982; Peakman and Maxwell, 1988
4,22- and 5,22-steradienes	C29	++	++	++	+++	+	Eukaryotes/sterol dehydration	Rullkötter et al., 1984; Farrimond et al., 1986b
3,5- steradienes	C27-C29	ND	+	ND	ND	ND	Eukaryotes/sterene rearrangement	Brassell et al., 1984; Peakman and Maxwell, 1988
A-ring monoaromatic	C27-C29	+	++	+	++	+	Eukaryotes/sterol aromatization	Hussler et al., 1981; Brassell et al., 1984
B-ring monoaromatic anthra-	C27-C29	+	+	+	ND	ND	Eukaryotes/sterol aromatization	Hussler and Albrecht, 1983; Rullkötter and Welte, 1983
Triterpenoids:
17(H),21(H)-hopanes	C27, C29-C31	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	Prokaryotes	Ourisson et al., 1979, 1987; Rohmer et al., 1992
17(H),21(H)-hopanes	C27, C29-C31	++	++	++	+	+	Prokaryotes	Ourisson et al., 1979, 1987; Rohmer et al., 1992
17(H),21(H)-methylhopanes	C30-C33	++	ND	++	ND	ND	Cyanobacteria, methylotrophs	Ourisson et al., 1987; Summons and Jahnke, 1990
Hopanes > C32	C33	+++	+	+	ND	ND	Bacteria, methylotrophs	Ourisson et al., 1979, 1987; Rohmer et al., 1992
Hop-17(21)-enes	C27, C29-C31	+++	++	++	+++	++	Bacteria, anaerobic phototrophs	Brassell and Eglinton, 1983; Rohmer et al., 1984
Methylhopenes	C27	++	ND	++	ND	ND	Cyanobacteria, methylotrophs	Ourisson et al., 1987; Summons and Jahnke, 1990
Aromatic hopanoid	C27	ND	+	+	ND	ND	bacteria/aromatization	Greiner et al., 1976, 1977
Neohop-13(18)-enes	C27, C29, C3	++	++	++	ND	+	Bacteria, anaerobic phototrophs	Brassell and Eglinton, 1983; Howard et al., 1984
Fernenes	C30	++	++	+	+++	++	Bacteria, anaerobic phototrophs	Brassell and Eglinton, 1983; Howard et al., 1984
triterpene (dammaradiene?)C30		ND	+++	ND	ND	++	Bacteria?	Brassell, 1984; Rullkötter et al., 1984
Ketones and ethers:
Alkan-2-ones	C13-C23	+	+	+	+	+	Algae, bacteria/oxidation	Brassell et al., 1980
Alkadienones	C37-C39	ND	ND	++	ND	ND	Haptophyte algae	Brassell et al., 1986; Farrimond et al., 1986b; Marlowe et al., 1990
TMTD-2-one	C18	+	++	+	+	+	Photoautotrophs; oxidation	Simoneit, 1973
5(H)- and 5(H)-stanones	C27-C29	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	Eukaryotes/sterol oxidation	Gagosian and Smith, 1979; Robinson et al., 1984
4-methylstanones	C28-C30	++	+	++	++	+++	Dinoflagellates	Gagosian and Smith, 1979; Robinson et al., 1984
4-stenones	C27-C29	++	++	+++	++	++	Eukaryotes/sterol oxidation	Edmunds et al., 1980; Brassell et al., 1987
4,22-stenones	C27-C29	++	+++	++.	++	++	Eukaryotes/sterol oxidation	Edmunds et al., 1980; Brassell et al., 1987
4-methyl-22-sterones	C28-C31	+	+	+	+	++	Dinoflagellates	Gagosian and Smith, 1979; Robinson et al., 1984
Hopanones	C27, C29-C31	++	++	NA	++	++	Bacteria, algae/predation, oxidation	Dastillung et al., 1980
Methylhopanones	C30-C33	++	+	++	ND	ND	Bacteria, algae/predation, oxidation	Dastillung et al., 1980
Methylmethylhopanyl ether	C32	++	+	+++	ND	ND	Bacteria	Dastillung et al., 1980; Rohmer et al., 1992
Other biomarkers:
-, -, -, -tocopherols	C27-C29	++	++	++	+	+	Photoautotrophs	Brassell et al., 1983; Goossens et al., 1984
Sterol ethers	C27-C29, C9	ND	ND	ND	+++	ND	Unknown	Boon and de Leeuw, 1979; Brassell et al., 1980

Notes: TMTD = 2,6,10-trimethyltridecane, TMPD = 2,6,10-trimethylpentadecane. +, ++, +++ = approximate relative abundances corresponding to major, minor, and trace amounts. ND = not detected. NA = not analyzed. OEP = odd/even preference.