Funding for this project came from Joint Oceanographic Institute, Inc.-U.S. Science Advisory Committee and the National Science Foundation (EAR-9814604 and EAR-0120727). The authors also wish to thank Debbie Thomas for technical assistance and Joe Carter, Drew Coleman, Jerry Dickens, Dick Kroon, and Micah Nicolo for reviews. This research used samples and/or data provided by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). ODP is funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under management of Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI).