Initial Reports, Volume 199 Ms 199-102 Chapter 2, Table T3. Age estimates of radiolarian datum events. Notes: FO = first morphotypic occurrence, LO = last morphotypic occurrence. -> = an evolutionary transition. * = Cande and Kent, 1995. The age for the morphotypic first occurrence of Diartus petterssoni (base RN7) is a demonstrably diachronous event (Johnson and Nigrini, 1985). Brackets = approximately synchronous events. Bold = taxa that define the base of radiolarian zones. The assigned numerical ages should be used with caution because they are approximations only. For the Paleogene record, a combination of data from Sanfilippo and Nigrini (1995, 1996) and an integrated compilation chart (unpublished) based on published data from DSDP/ODP Leg 1-135 have been used to approximate the ages of zonal boundaries. (It is expected that results from Leg 199 will greatly improve the accuracy of these ages. See "Leg 199 Summary" this volume.) References: 1 = Johnson et al., 1989; 2 = Shackleton et al, 1995; 3 = Lazarus et al., 1995; 4 = Sanfilippo and Nigrini, 1996; 5 = Sanfilippo and Nigrini, 1995; 6 = Sanfilippo and Nigrini, unpublished data (an integrated compilation based on published DSDP/ODP Legs 1-135); 7 = Nishimura, 1992; 8 = Hollis, 1993; 9. Nigrini and Sanfilippo, 2001. Epoch/Age (Ma) Standard tropical zonation Code number Event Age* (Ma) Reference Pleistocene B. invaginata RN17 FO Buccinosphaera invaginata 0.18 1 C. tuberosa RN16 LO Stylatractus universus 0.42 2 S. universus RN15 FO Collosphaera tuberosa 0.61 2 A. ypsilon RN14 LO Pterocorys campanula 0.80 3 FO Pterocorys hertwigii 0.75 3 LO Anthocyrtidium angulare 1.12 2 A. angulare RN13 FO Lamprocyrtis nigriniae 1.55 3 LO Lamprocyrtis heteroporos 1.30 3 LO Pterocanium prismatium 1.74 2 late Pliocene P. prismatium RN12 FO Anthocyrtidium angulare 1.80 3 LO Theocorythium vetulum 1.40 3 LO Anthocyrtidium jenghisi FO Cycladophora davisiana FO Lamprocyrtis heteroporos FO Theocorythium trachelium trachelium 1.60 3 LO Stichocorys peregrina 2.74 2 L. audax RN1 Didymocyrtis avita -> D. tetrathalamus LO Phormostichoartus fistula 3.35 3 early Pliocene LO Lychnodictyum audax 3.60 3 LO Phormostichoartus doliolum 3.87 2 P. doliolum RN10 FO Amphirhoplaum ypsilon 4.00 3 Spongaster pentas -> S. tetras tetras 4.10 3 LO Spongaster berminghami 4.70 3 LO Didymocyrtis penultima 4.19 2 S. Peregrina RN9 Didymocyrtis penultima -> D. avita FO Pterocanium prismatium 4.90 3 LO Solenosphaera omnitubus procera 5.30 3 LO Solenosphaera omnitubus omnitubus 5.30 3 late Miocene Spongaster berminghami -> S. pentas LO Siphostichartus corona 5.60 3 FO Pterocorys campanula LO Acrobotrys tritubus 6.00 3 LO Calocycletta (Calocyclior) caepa 6.20 3 LO Stichocorys johnsoni 6.60 3 LO Calocycletta (Calocycletta) cladara Stichocorys delmontensis -> S. peregrina 6.71 2 D. penultima RN8 FO Solenosphaera omnitubus omnitubus 7.30 3 FO Solenosphaera omnitubus procera 7.30 3 Didymocyrtis antepenultima -> D. penultima LO Diartus hughesi 7.70 2 D. antepenultima RN7 LO Dictyocoryne ontongensis FO Acrobotrys tritubus 7.90 3 LO Botryostrobus miralestensis 8.20 3 FO Spongaster berminghami 8.30 3 Didymocyrtis laticonus -> D. antepenultima Diartus petterssoni -> D. hughesi 8.77 2 D. petterssoni RN6 Lithopera neotera -> L. bacca 8.80 3 LO Stichocorys wolffii 8.80 3 LO Cyrtocapsella japonica 9.80 3 LO Lithopera thornburgi middle Miocene LO Cyrtocapsella cornuta 12.1 3.00 LO Cyrtocapsella tetrapera 12.10 3 LO Carpocanopsis cristata 10.60 3 FO Phormostichoartus doliolum 8.80 3 LO Dorcadospyris alata 13.60 3 LO Liriospyris parkerae FO Cyrtocapsella japonica Calocycletta virginis -> C. cladara FO Diartus petterssoni [11.95] 2 D. alata RN5 LO Carpocanopsis bramlettei 14.70 3 Lithopera renzae -> L. neotera 12.10 3 Didymocyrtis mammifera -> D. laticonus FO Lithopera thornburgi FO Phormostichoartus corbula FO Dictyocoryne ontongensis LO Calocycletta costata 15.00 3 LO Didymocyrtis tubaria LO Didymocyrtis violina FO Lithopera renzae middle Miocene D. alata RN5 LO Dorcadospyris forcipata Dorcadospyris dentata -> D. alata 15.68 2 C. Costata RN4 LO Eucyrtidium diaphanes Liriospyris stauropora -> L. parkerae Carpocanopsis favosa LO Didymocyrtis prismatica LO Carpocanopsis cingulata FO Carpocanopsis cristata LO Lychnocanoma elongata early Miocene FO Calocycletta costata 17.03 4 S. wolffii RN3 FO Didymocyrtis mammifera FO Calocycletta caepa FO Dorcadospyris dentata FO Liriospyris stauropora LO Dorcadopsyris ateuchus FO Siphostichartus corona FO Stichocorys wolffii 17.92 4 S. delmontensis RN2 FO Didymocyrtis tubaria FO Didymocyrtis violina FO Stichocorys delmontensis FO Carpocanopsis bramlettei LO Theocyrtis annosa 20.53 4 C. tetrapera RN1 LO Calocycletta serrata LO Calocycletta robusta FO Carpocanopsis favosa FO Cyrtocapsella cornuta FO Calocycletta serrata FO Calocycletta virginis FO Botryostrobus miralestensis FO Cyrtocapsella tetrapera 23.62 5 late Oligocene L. elongata RP22 LO Artophormis gracilis 23.94 6 FO Eucyrtidium diaphanes 23.94 6 LO Dorcadospyris papilio FO Carpocanopsis cingulata FO Lychnocanoma elongata 24.60 6 D. atuechus RP21 FO Dorcadospyris forcipata LO Lychnocanomma trifolium FO Calocycletta robusta LO Dorcadospyris circulus 5 FO Dorcadospyris papilio LO Lithocyclia angusta Tristylospyris triceros -> D. ateuchus ~28.8 7 early Oligocene T. tuberosa RP20 FO Theocyrtis annosa LO Theocyrtis tuberosa FO Dorcadospyris circulus 5 LO Lithocyclia crux FO Lychnocanoma trifolium FO Didymocyrtis prismatica LO Dorcadospyris pseudopapilio Centrobotrys petrushevskayae -> C. thermophila FO Lychnodictyum audax Centrobotrys gravida -> C. petrushevskayae FO Dorcadospyris pseudopapilio FO Lithocyclia crux Artophormis barbadensis -> A. gracilis FO Centrobotrys gravida LO Dictyoprora pirum FO Phormostichoartus fistula LO Cryptocarpium ornatum LO Dictyoprora mongolfieri LO Lychnocanoma amphitrite Lithocyclia aristotelis -> L. angusta ~32.8 7 C. ornatum RP19 LO Dictyoprora armadillo LO Lophocyrtis jacchia LO Calocyclas turris LO Thyrsocyrtis bromia LO Thyrsocyrtis rhizodon late Eocene LO Cryptocarpium azyx LO Thyrsocyrtis lochites LO Calocyclas bandyca LO Calocyclas hispida LO Lychnocanoma bellum LO Podocyrtis papalis LO Thyrsocyrtis tetracantha ~34.9 7 C. bandyca RP18 LO Thyrsocyrtis triacantha FO Theocyrtis tuberosa LO Eusyringium fistuligerum LO Podocyrtis goetheana FO Calocyclas bandyca ~36.4 7 C. azyx RP17 LO Podocyrtis chalara FO Lychnocanoma amphitrite Calocyclas hispida -> Calocyclas turris middle Eocene FO Cryptocarpium azyx ~37.7 7 P. goetheana RP16 LO Spongatractus pachystylus FO Thyrsocyrtis bromia FO Thyrsocyrtis tetracantha FO Dictyoprora pirum LO Theocotylissa ficus LO Sethochytris triconiscus FO Dictyorprora armadillo FO Podocyrtis goetheana ~38.8 7 P. chalara RP15 LO Podocyrtis trachodes LO Phormocyrtis striata striata FO Tristylospyris triceros Podocyrtis mitra -> P. chalara ~39.5 7 P. mitra RP14 FO Cryptocarpium ornatum LO Podocyrtis ampla LO Eusyringium lagena FO Artophormis barbadensis FO Thyrsocyrtis lochites FO Sethochytris triconiscus LO Podocyrtis fasciolata LO Podocyrtis helenae Podocyrtis sinuosa -> P. mitra ~42.8 7 P. ampla RP13 FO Podocyrtis trachodes LO Podocyrtis dorus Eusyringium lagena -> E. fistuligerum FO Podocyrtis fasciolata FO Podocyrtis helenae LO Theocotyle venezuelensis Podocyrtis phyxis -> P. ampla ~44.5 7 T. triacantha RP12 FO Eusyringium fistuligerum LO Theocotyle nigriniae LO Theocotyle conica Podocyrtis diamesa -> P. phyxis LO Theocorys anaclasta LO Lamptonium fabaeforme constrictum LO Lamptonium fabaeforme chaunothroax LO Thyrsocyrtis hirsuta LO Thyrsocyrtis robusta Thyrsocyrtis tensa -> T. triacantha FO Eusyringium lagena ~47.5 7 D. mongolfieri RP11 LO Lamptonium fabaeforme fabaeforme FO Podocyrtis dorus Theocotyle cryptocephala -> T. conica LO Calocycloma castum FO Dictyoprora mongolfieri ~48.5 7 middle Eocene T. cryptocephala RP10 Podocyrtis acalles -> P. sinuosa FO Thyrsocyrtis robusta FO Theocotyle venezuelensis LO Buryella clinata Theocotyle nigriniae -> T. cryptocephala ~49.0 7 early Eocene P. striata striata RP9 Spongatractis bablis -> S. pachystylus LO Lamptonium sanfilippoae FO Thyrsocyrtis rhizodon FO Podocyrtis diamesa early Eocene FO Lamptonium fabaeforme constrictum Phormocyrtis striata exquisita -> P. striata striata FO Podocyrtis acalles LO Phormocyrtis cubensis FO Lychnocanoma bellum FO Theocorys anaclasta ~50.3 7 B. clinata RP8 LO Pterocodon (?) ampla LO Bekomma bidartensis LO Buryella tetradica LO Thyrsocyrtis tarsipes FO Lithocyclia ocellus gp. FO Thyrsocyrtis tensa Theocotylissa alpha -> T. ficus FO Calocyclas hispida FO Spongatractus balbis FO Lamptonium sanfilippoae FO Theocotyle nigriniae FO Thyrsocyrtis hirsuta Pterocodon (?) anticlinata -> Buryella clinata ~52.85 7 B. bidartensis RP7 FO Theocotylissa alpha FO Lamptonium fabaeforme chaunothorax FO Pterodocon (->) anteclinata FO Lophocyrtis jacchia FO Calocycloma castum Lamptonium pennatum -> L. fabaeforme fabaeforme FO Podocyrtis papalis LO Bekomma campechensis late Paleocene FO Bekomma bidartensis ~56.9 7 B. campechensis RP6 FO Phormocyrtis cubensis LO Buryella pentadica FO Pterocodon (->) ampla FO Bekomma campechensis ~60.2 8 RP5 FO Buryella tetradica ~60.9 9 early Paleocene RP4 FO Buryella foremanae ~62.8 9 RP3 FO Stichomitra granulata ~63.9 9 RP2 FO Amphisphaera kina ~64.6 9 RP1 FO Amphisphaera aotea ~65.1 9