|
Species event
|
Zone/Subzone (base)
|
Age (Ma)
|
Reference
|
|---|---|---|---|
| LO Truncorotalia tosaensis | PT1b | 0.65 | 1 |
| Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary | 1.81 | 2 | |
| LO Globigerinoides fistulosus | PT1a | 1.88 | 3 |
| FO Truncorotalia truncatulinoides | N22 | 1.92 | 3 |
| LO Globorotalia pseudomiocenica (Indo-Pacific only) | PL6 | 2.30 | 4 |
| LO Globoturborotalia woodi |
|
2.33 | 3 |
| LO Dentoglobigerina altispira | PL5 | 3.11 | 3 |
| LO Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina | PL4 | 3.11 | 3 |
| FO Globigerinelloides fistulosus |
|
3.33 | 1 |
| FO Truncorotalia tosaensis | N21 | 3.35 | 1 |
| LO Pulleniatina primalis |
|
3.65 | 1 |
| LO Globorotalia margaritae | PL3 | 3.85 | 3 |
| FO Globorotalia crassaformis |
|
4.31 | 3 |
| LO Pulleniatina spectabilis |
|
4.33 | 5 |
| LO Globoturborotalita nepenthes | PL2 | 4.39 | 3 |
| LO Globorotalia cibaoensis | PL1b | 4.60 | 4 |
| Miocene/Pliocene boundary | 5.33 | 6 | |
| FO Sphaeroidinella dehiscens s.l. | N19 | 5.54 | 3 |
| FO Globorotalia tumida | N18/PL1a | 5.82 | 3 |
| LO Globorotalia lenguaensis | M14 | 6.00 | 4 |
| FO Pulleniatina primalis |
|
6.40 | 4 |
| FO Globorotalia conomiozea |
|
7.12 (6.9) | 4 |
| FO Globigerinoides extremus |
|
8.58 | 3 |
| FO Globorotalia plesiotumida | N17/M13b | 8.58 | 3 |
| FO Neogloboquadrina acostaensis | N16/M13a | 9.82 | 3 |
| LO Paragloborotalia mayeri | N15/M12 | 10.49 | 3 |
| FO Globoturborotalita nepenthes | N14/M11 | 11.19 | 3 |
| LO Fohsella fohsi s.l. (incl. fohsi lobata & fohsi robusta) | N13/M10 | 11.68 | 3 |
| FO Globorotalia lenguaensis |
|
12.85 | 3 |
| FO Fohsella fohsi robusta |
|
13.18 | 3 |
| FO Fohsella fohsi s.l. | N12/M8 | 13.42 | 3 |
| FO Fohsella praefohsi | N11 | 14.00 | 7 |
| FO Fohsella peripheroacuta | N10/M7 | 14.70 | 7 |
| FO Orbulina spp. | N9/M6 | 15.10 | 7 |
| FO Praeorbulina glomerosa | M5b | 16.10 | 7 |
| FO Praeorbulina sicana | N8/M5a | 16.40 | 7 |
| FO Globorotalia miozea |
|
16.70 | 4 |
| LO Catapsydrax dissimilis | N7/M4a | 17.30 | 7 |
| FO Globorotalia praescitula |
|
18.50 | 4 |
| FO Globigerinatella insueta | N6/M3 | 18.80 | 4 |
| LO Globoquadrina binaiensis |
|
19.10 | 7 |
| FO Globigerinoides altiapertura |
|
20.50 | 4 |
| LO Tenuitella munda |
|
21.50 | 4 |
| LO Paragloborotalia kugleri | N5/M2 | 21.50 | 4 |
| FO Globorotalia incognita |
|
21.60 | 4 |
| LO Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri |
|
21.60 | 4 |
| LO Globigerina angulisuturalis |
|
21.60 | 4 |
| LO Globoquadrina globularis |
|
22.80 | 4 |
| FO Globoquadrina dehiscens | M1b | 23.20 | 4 |
| FO Globigerinoides trilobus s.l. |
|
23.40 | 7 |
| Oligocene/Miocene boundry | 23.80 | 4 | |
| FO Paragloborotalia kugleri | N4/M1a | 23.80 | 4 |
| LO Globigerina euapertura |
|
23.80 | 4 |
| LO Tenutitella gemma |
|
24.30 | 4 |
| FO Globigerinoides primordius (common) |
|
24.30 | 4 |
| FO Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri |
|
25.90 | 4 |
| FO Globigerinoides primordius |
|
26.70 | 4 |
| LO Globigerina labiacrassata |
|
27.10 | 4 |
| LO Paragloborotalia opima | P22 | 27.10 | 4 |
| LO Chiloguembelina cubensis (common) | P21b | 28.50 | 4 |
| FO Globigerina angulisuturalis | P21a | 29.40 | 4 |
| LO Subbotina angiporoides |
|
30.00 | 4 |
| LO Globigerina ampliapertura | P20 | 30.30 | 4 |
| FO Paragloborotalia opima |
|
30.60 | 4 |
| LO Pseudohastigerina spp. | P19 | 32.00 | 4 |
| FO Cassigerinella chipolensis |
|
33.65 | 4 |
| Eocene/Oligocene boundary | 33.70 | 4 | |
| LO Hantkenina spp. |
|
33.70 | 4 |
| LO Turborotalia cerroazulensis | P18 | 33.80 | 4 |
| LO Cribrohantkenina inflata | P17 | 34.00 | 4 |
| LO Globigerinatheka index |
|
34.30 | 4 |
| FO Turborotalia cunialensis | P16 | 35.20 | 4 |
| LO Turborotalia pomeroli |
|
35.30 | 4 |
| LO Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta |
|
35.30 | 4 |
| FO Cribrohantkenina inflata |
|
35.50 | 4 |
| LO Acarinina collactea |
|
37.70 | 4 |
| LO Subbotina linaperta |
|
37.70 | 4 |
| LO Morozovella spinulosa |
|
38.10 | 4 |
| FO Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta | P15 | 38.40 | 4 |
| LO Planorotalites spp. |
|
38.50 | 4 |
| LO Acarinina primitiva |
|
39.00 | 4 |
| LO Subbotina frontosa |
|
39.30 | 4 |
| LO Globigerinatheka beckmanni | P14 | 40.10 | 4 |
| FO Globigerinatheka beckmanni | P13 | 40.50 | 4 |
| LO Acarinina bullbrooki |
|
40.50 | 4 |
| FO Turborotalia pomeroli |
|
42.40 | 4 |
| FO Globigerinatheka index |
|
42.90 | 4 |
| FO Morozovella lehneri |
|
43.50 | 4 |
| LO Morozovella aragonensis | P12 | 43.60 | 4 |
| FO Globigerinatheka kugleri | P11 | 45.80 | 4 |
| FO Turborotalia possagnoensis |
|
46.00 | 4 |
| FO Hantkenina nuttalli | P10 | 49.00 | 4 |
| FO Planorotalites palmerae | P9 | 50.40 | 4 |
| LO Morozovella formosa | P8 | 50.80 | 4 |
| FO Acarinina pentacamerata |
|
50.80 | 4 |
| FO Morozovella aragonensis | P7 | 52.30 | 4 |
| LO Morozovella marginodentata |
|
52.50 | 4 |
| LO Morozovella lensiformis |
|
52.70 | 4 |
| LO Subbotina velascoensis |
|
53.50 | 4 |
| LO Morozovella aequa |
|
53.60 | 4 |
| FO Morozovella formosa | P6b | 54.00 | 4 |
| FO Morozovella lensiformis |
|
54.00 | 4 |
| LO Morozovella velascoensis | P6a | 54.70 | 4 |
| LO Morozovella acuta |
|
54.70 | 4 |
| FO Morozovella gracilis |
|
54.70 | 4 |
| FO Igorina broedermanni |
|
54.70 | 4 |
| FO Morozovella marginodentata |
|
54.80 | 4 |
| Paleocene/Eocene boundary | 55.00 | 8 | |
| FO Globanomalina australiformis |
|
55.50 | 4 |
| FO Morozovella subbotinae |
|
55.90 | 4 |
| LO Globanomalina pseudomenardii | P5 | 55.90 | 4 |
| LO Acarinina nitida (= A. acarinata) |
|
56.30 | 4 |
| LO Acarinina mckannai |
|
56.30 | 4 |
| FO Acarinina soldadoensis | P4c | 56.50 | 4 |
| FO Acarinina coalingensis (= triplex) |
|
56.50 | 4 |
| FO Morozovella aequa |
|
56.50 | 4 |
| LO Acarinina subsphaerica | P4b | 57.10 | 4 |
| FO Acarinina mckannai |
|
59.10 | 4 |
| FO Acarinina subsphaerica |
|
59.20 | 4 |
| FO Acarinina nitida |
|
59.20 | 4 |
| FO Globanomalina pseudomenardii | P4a | 59.20 | 4 |
| LO Parasubbotina variospira |
|
59.20 | 4 |
| LO Parasubbotina varianta |
|
59.20 | 4, 9 |
| FO Morozovella velascoensis |
|
60.00 | 4 |
| FO Igorina albeari | P3b | 60.00 | 4 |
| FO Acarinina strabocella |
|
60.50 | 9 |
| FO Morozovella conicotruncata |
|
60.90 | 4 |
| FO Morozovella angulata | P3a | 61.00 | 4 |
| FO Igorina pusilla |
|
61.00 | 4 |
| FO Praemurica praeangulata |
|
61.20 | 4 |
| FO Praemurica uncinata | P2 | 61.20 | 4 |
| FO Globoanomalina imitata |
|
61.30 | 4 |
| FO Globanomalina compressa | P1c | 63.00 | 4 |
| FO Praemurica inconstans |
|
63.00 | 4 |
| FO Parasubbotina varianta |
|
63.00 | 4 |
| FO Subbotina triloculinoides | P1b | 64.50 | 4 |
| LO Parvularugoglobigerina extensa |
|
64.90 | 9 |
| LO Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina | P1a | 64.90 | 4 |
| FO Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina | Pa | 64.97 | 4 |
Notes: FO = first occurrence, LO = last occurrence. 1 = Berggren et al., 1995b; 2 = Lourens et al., 1996; 3 = Chaisson and Pearson, 1997; 4 = Berggren et al., 1995a; 5 = Shackleton et al., 1995; 6 = Van Couvering et al., 2000; 7 = Pearson and Chaisson, 1997; 8 = Norris and Röhl, 1999; 9 = Olsson et al., 1999. This table is also available in ASCII.