We are grateful to Professor Margaret Delaney, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), for the use of her laboratory to prepare and analyze bulk sediment for phosphorus concentrations. We thank R. Franks and the UCSC Institute of Marine Sciences Marine Analytical Laboratory. This research used samples and/or data provided by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). ODP is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and participating countries under management of Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI), Inc. The U.S. Science Support Program (USSSP funding to KLF and AP) and NSF Grant 0120727 (sub-award to M.L. Delaney; J.C. Zachos, principal investigator) provided funding for this research. We thank the ODP Leg 199 Scientific Party.