|
Event
|
Zone
(base) |
Age
(Ma) |
Source*
|
|---|---|---|---|
| LO Globorotalia flexuosa |
|
0.068 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globigerinoides ruber |
|
0.12 | Thompson, P.R., 1979 |
| LO Globoquadrina pseudofoliata |
|
0.22 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| FO Bolliella calida |
|
0.22 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| FO Globigerinoides ruber |
|
0.40 | Li, B., 1997 |
| FO Globorotalia flexuosa |
|
0.401 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| FO Globorotalia hirsuta |
|
0.45 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globorotalia tosaensis | Pt1b | 0.65 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globorotalia crassaformis hessi |
|
0.75 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| FO Globorotalia truncatulinoides excelsa |
|
1.00 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globigerinoides obliquus |
|
1.30 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Pulleniatina finalis |
|
1.40 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Neogloboquadrina acostaensis |
|
1.58 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Globoturborotalita apertura |
|
1.64 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globigerinoides fistulosus | Pt1a | 1.77 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globigerinoides extremus |
|
1.77 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| FO Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) truncatulinoides |
|
2.00 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| FO Pulleniatina finalis |
|
2.04 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Globorotalia inflata |
|
2.09 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globorotalia (Menardella) exilis |
|
2.15 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| Reappearance of Pulleniatina (Atlantic) |
|
2.26 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Globoturborotalia woodi |
|
2.33 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Globorotalia (Menardella) miocenica (Atlantic) | Pl6 | 2.30 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globorotalia (Menardella) pseudomiocenica (Pacific) | Pl6 | 2.30 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globorotalia puncticulata |
|
2.41 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Neogloboquadrina atlantica |
|
2.41 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globorotalia (Menardella) limbata |
|
2.38 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Globorotalia (Menardella) pertenuis |
|
2.60 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globoturborotalia decoraperta |
|
2.75 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Globorotalia (Menardella) multicamerata |
|
3.09 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Dentoglobigerina altispira | Pl5 | 3.09 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina | Pl4 | 3.12 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globorotalia (Hirsutella) cibaoensis |
|
3.22 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Globoquadrina baroemoenensis |
|
3.22 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Sphaeroidinella dehiscens s.s. |
|
3.25 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| FO Globigerinoides fistulosus |
|
3.33 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| FO Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) tosaensis |
|
3.35 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Pulleniatina (Atlantic) |
|
3.45 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| FO Globorotalia (Menardella) pertenuis |
|
3.45 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globorotalia plesiotumida |
|
3.77 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Globorotalia (Menardella) miocenica |
|
3.55 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae | Pl3 | 3.58 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Pulleniatina primalis |
|
3.65 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| Pulleniatina (S to D coiling change) |
|
3.95 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO common Globorotalia margaritae |
|
3.96 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globoturborotalita nepenthes | Pl2 | 4.18 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Pulleniatina spectabilis |
|
4.20 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| FO Globorotalia (Menardella) exilis |
|
4.45 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Globorotalia puncticulata |
|
4.50 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| FO Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassaformis s.l. |
|
4.5 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Sphaeroidinellopsis kochi |
|
4.53 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Globorotalia cibaoensis | Pl1b | 4.6 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| LO Globigerinoides seiglei |
|
4.70 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| FO common Globorotalia margaritae |
|
5.07 | Berggren et al., 1995a |
| FO Sphaeroidinella dehiscens s.l. |
|
5.54 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Globorotalia pliozea |
|
5.60 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globorotalia sphericomiozea |
|
5.60 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globorotalia tumida | Pl1a | 5.82 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Globoquadrina dehiscens |
|
5.49 | Shackleton et al., 1995 |
| FO Turborotalia humilis |
|
5.84 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Globorotalia lenguaensis | M14 | 6.0 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae |
|
6.09 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Pulleniatina primalis |
|
6.4 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globigerinoides conglobatus |
|
6.20 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| Neogloboquadrina acostaensis (D to S coiling change) |
|
6.6 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globorotalia conomiozea |
|
7.12 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globorotalia (Hirsutella) cibaoensis |
|
9.44 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Candeina nitida |
|
8.44 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Globorotalia (Hirsutella) juanai |
|
9.76 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Globigerinoides extremus |
|
8.58 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Globorotalia plesiotumida |
|
8.58 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Neogloboquadrina humerosa |
|
8.5 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Neogloboquadrina nympha |
|
10.1 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Neogloboquadrina acostaensis | M13 | 9.82 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Paragloborotalia mayeri | M12 | 10.49 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Globorotalia (Menardella) limbata |
|
10.57 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Globoturborotalita apertura |
|
11.19 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Globoturborotalita decoraperta |
|
11.46 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Sphaeroidinellopsis subdehiscens |
|
11.74 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globoturborotalita nepenthes | M11 | 11.19 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Globorotalia panda |
|
11.8 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Globorotalia praescitula |
|
11.9 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Fohsella fohsi s.l. (incl. fohsi lobata and fohsi robusta) | M10 | 11.68 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Globorotalia lenguaensis |
|
12.85 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Fohsella fohsi robusta | M9b | 13.18 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Fohsella fohsi s.l. | M9a | 13.42 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Fohsella praefohsi | M8 | 12.7 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Neogloboquadrina nympha |
|
13.4 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Clavatorella bermudezi |
|
14.2 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Globorotalia archeomenardii |
|
14.2 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Fohsella peripheroronda |
|
14.6 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Fohsella peripheroacuta | M7 | 14.8 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Praeorbulina sicana |
|
14.8 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Praeorbulina glomerosa |
|
14.8 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globorotalia (Menardella) praemenardii |
|
14.9 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Globigerinatella insueta |
|
15.0 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Orbulina spp. | M6 | 15.1 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globorotalia (Menardella) archeomenardii |
|
15.5 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Clavatorella bermudezi |
|
15.8 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Globorotalia miozea |
|
15.9 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Praeorbulina circularis |
|
16.0 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Praeorbulina glomerosa | M5b | 16.10 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globigerinoides diminutus |
|
16.1 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Praeorbulina curva |
|
16.3 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Praeorbulina sicana | M5b | 16.4 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Globorotalia incognita |
|
16.4 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globorotalia miozea |
|
16.7 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globorotalia birnageae | M4b | 16.7 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Catapsydrax dissimilis | M4 | 17.3 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Globorotalia zealandica |
|
17.3 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Globorotalia semivera |
|
17.3 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globorotalia praescitula |
|
18.5 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globigerinatella insueta | M3 | 18.8 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Globoquadrina binaiensis |
|
19.1 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Globigerinoides altiapertura |
|
20.5 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Tenuitella munda |
|
21.4 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Paragloborotalia kugleri | M2 | 21.5 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globorotalia incognita |
|
21.6 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Globoturborotalita angulisuturalis |
|
21.6 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri |
|
21.6 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globoquadrina binaiensis |
|
22.1 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globoquadrina dehiscens | M1b | 23.2 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Globigerina ciperoensis |
|
23.3 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Globigerinoides trilobus s.l. |
|
23.4 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| FO Paragloborotalia kugleri | M1 | 23.8 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Globigerina euapertura |
|
23.8 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globigerinoides primordius (common) |
|
24.3 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Tenuitella gemma |
|
24.3 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri |
|
25.9 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globigerinoides primordius |
|
26.7 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Paragloborotalia opima | P22 | 27.1 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Globigerina labiacrassata |
|
27.1 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Chiloguembelina cubensis (common) | P21b | 28.5 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globoturborotalita angulisuturalis | P21a | 29.4 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Subbotina angiporoides |
|
30.0 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Turborotalia ampliapertura | P20 | 30.3 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Paragloborotalia opima |
|
30.6 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Pseudohastigerina spp. | P19 | 32.0 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Cassigerinella chipolensis |
|
33.65 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Hantkenina spp. |
|
33.7 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Turborotalia cerroazulensis | P18 | 33.8 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Cribrohantkenina inflata | P17 | 34.0 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Clavigerinella oceanica |
|
34.0 | C&P97, P&C97, CSR95 |
| LO Globogerapsis index |
|
34.3 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Turborotalia cunialensis | P16 | 35.2 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Turborotalia pomeroli |
|
35.3 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Porticulasphaera semiinvoluta |
|
35.3 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Cribrohantkenina inflata |
|
35.5 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Cribrohantkenina inflata |
|
35.5 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Acarinina collactea |
|
37.7 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Subbotina linaperta |
|
37.7 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Morozovella spinulosa |
|
38.1 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Porticulasphaera semiinvoluta | P15 | 38.4 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Planorotalites |
|
38.5 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Acarinina spp. |
|
37.5-38.5 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Acarinina primitiva |
|
39.0 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Subbotina frontosa |
|
39.3 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Globigerapsis beckmanni | P14 | 40.1 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globigerapsis beckmanni | P13 | 40.5 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Acarinina bullbrooki |
|
40.5 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Turborotalia pomeroli |
|
42.4 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globigerapsis index |
|
42.9 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Morozovella lehneri |
|
43.5 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| LO Morozovella aragonensis | P12 | 43.6 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Globigerapsis kugleri | P11 | 45.8 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Turborotalia possagnoensis |
|
46.0 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
| FO Hantkenina nuttali | P10 | 49.0 | Berggren et al., 1995b |
Notes: FO = first occurrence, LO = last occurrence. Source: 1 = Berggren et al. (1995a, 1995b), 2 = Chaisson and Pearson (1997), Pearson and Chaisson (1997), and Curry, Shackleton, Richter, et al. (1995). Sources: C&P97 = Chaisson and Pearson (1997), P&C97 = Pearson and Chaisson (1997), CSR95 = Curry, Shackleton, Richter, et al. (1995). Astrochronologically tuned biostratigraphic datums are shown in bold.